Jiilaal Ayaa Soo Socda. Koontaroolayaasha macquulka ah ee barnaamijyada (PLCs) ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah loogu beddelayaa kombuyuutar shaqsiyeed oo xidhan. Tani waxay sabab u tahay xaqiiqda ah in awooda kombuyuutarku ay u ogolaato hal qalab inuu ku daro shaqeynta kontaroolaha barnaamijka, server, iyo (haddii qalabku leeyahay wax soo saarka HDMI) sidoo kale goob shaqo oo toos ah. Wadarta: server-ka, qaybta OPC, xogta xogta iyo goobta shaqada ee hal kiis, iyo dhammaan waxaas oo dhan qiimaha hal PLC.
Maqaalkan waxaan ka fiirsan doonaa suurtagalnimada isticmaalka kombiyuutarada sida warshadaha. Aynu soo qaadanno qalab ku salaysan Raspberry Pi oo saldhig u ah, tallaabo-tallaabo u sharax habka loo rakibo nidaamka SCADA furan oo furan oo furan oo Ruush ah - Rapid SCADA, iyo sidoo kale horumarinta mashruuca saldhigga kombaresarada aan la taaban karin, hawlaha kaas oo ka koobnaan doona kontaroolada fog ee kombaresarada iyo saddex valves, iyo sidoo kale aragtida habka wax soo saarka hawada cufan.
Aynu si degdeg ah u qabsano in dhibaatada lagu xallin karo laba siyaabood. Asal ahaan, ma kala duwana midba midka kale sinaba, su'aasha kaliya ayaa ah qaybta bilicda iyo waxqabadka. Markaa, waxaan u baahanahay:
1.1 Xulashada koowaad waxay tusinaysaa joogitaanka Raspberry Pi 2/3/4 laftiisa, iyo sidoo kale joogitaanka beddelka USB-to-RS485 (waxa loogu yeero "firiri", oo laga dalban karo Alliexpress).
Jaantuska 1 - Raspberry Pi 2 iyo USB ku beddelka RS485
1.2 Doorashada labaad waxaa ka mid ah xal kasta oo diyaarsan oo ku salaysan Raspberry, oo lagu taliyay in lagu rakibo jawiga warshadaha oo leh dekedo RS485 ah. Tusaale ahaan, sida sawirka 2, oo ku salaysan Raspberry CM3+ moduleka.
Jaantuska 2 - Qalabka AntexGate
2. Qalab leh Modbus dhowr diiwaan oo kontorool ah;
3. Kumbuyuutar ku shaqeeya Windows si loo habeeyo mashruuca.
Marxaladaha horumarka:
Qaybta I. Ku Rapid SCADA Raspberry
1. Buuxi bogga internetka ee Rapid Scada si aad u hesho qaybinta oo aad u soo dejiso nooca ugu dambeeyay Linux.
2. Ka fur faylalka la soo dejiyay oo koobi ka samee galka “scada” tusaha / doorashada qalabka.
3. Dhig saddex qoraal oo ka mid ah galka "daemons" ee buugga /etc/init.d
4. Waxaan si buuxda u siinaynaa saddex gal oo codsi ah:
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/config
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/log
sudo chmod -R ugo+rwx /opt/scada/ScadaWeb/storage⠀5. Samaynta qoraallada la fulin karo:
sudo chmod +x /opt/scada/make_executable.sh
sudo /opt/scada/make_executable.sh⠀6. Kudar kayd:
sudo apt install apt-transport-https dirmngr gnupg ca-certificates
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys 3FA7E0328081BFF6A14DA29AA6A19B38D3D831EF
echo "deb https://download.mono-project.com/repo/debian stable-stretch main" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mono-official-stable.list
sudo apt update⠀7. Ku rakib Mono .NET Framework:
sudo apt-get install mono-complete⠀8. Ku rakib server HTTP Apache:
sudo apt-get install apache2⠀9. Ku rakib qaybo dheeraad ah:
sudo apt-get install libapache2-mod-mono mono-apache-server4⠀10. Samee isku xidhka codsiga shabakada:
sudo ln -s /opt/scada/ScadaWeb /var/www/html/scada⠀11. Ka soo guuri faylka kaydka la soo dejiyay ee ku jira galka "apache". iskada.conf ilaa tusaha / etc / apache2 / goobaha la heli karo
sudo a2ensite scada.conf⠀12. Aan maro jidkan sudo nano /etc/apache2/apache2.conf oo ku dar waxa soo socda dhamaadka faylka:
<Directory /var/www/html/scada/>
<FilesMatch ".(xml|log|bak)$">
Require all denied
</FilesMatch>
</Directory>⠀13. Fulinta qoraalka:
sudo /opt/scada/svc_install.sh⠀14. Dib-u-kicin Raspberry:
sudo reboot⠀15. Furitaanka shabakada:
http://IP-адрес устройства/scada⠀16. Daaqada furmo, geli galitaankaaga "Admin" iyo furaha sirta ah "12345".
Qaybta II. Ku rakibida SCADA Degdegga ah Windows
Ku rakibidda SCADA Degdegga ah Windows Tan waxaa looga baahan doonaa si loo dejiyo Raspberry Pi loona habeeyo mashruuca. Aragti ahaan, tan waxaa lagu samayn karaa Raspberry Pi lafteeda, laakiin taageerada farsamo ayaa nagula talisay inaan isticmaalno jawiga horumarinta ee ku yaal Windows, sababtoo ah halkan si sax ah ayay u shaqaysaa marka loo eego marka loo eego marka loo eego Linux.
Haddaba aan bilowno:
- Waxaan u cusbooneysiineynaa Microsoft .NET Framework qaabkii ugu dambeeyay;
- Soo dejinta SCADA degdeg ah ee loogu talagalay Windows oo ku rakib qaab offline ah;
- Bilaw codsiga "Maamulka". Halkaas ayaynu ku horumarinaynaa mashruuca laftiisa.
Markaad horumarinayso, waxaad u baahan tahay inaad u fiirsato qodobada qaar:
1. Nambarada diiwangelinta nidaamkan SCADA waxa ay ka bilaabataa ciwaanka 1, marka waxa ay noqotay in aanu hal mid ku kordhino nambarada diwaankeena. Xaaladeena waa: 512+1 iyo wixii la mid ah:
Jaantuska 3-Tirinta diiwaannada ku jira Degdegga SCADA (sawirka la riixi karo)
2. In dib loo habeeyo hagaha iyo in si sax ah loogu hawlgeliyo mashruuca nidaamka hawlgalka. Linux, goobaha waxaad u baahan tahay inaad tagto "Server" -> "Xeerarka Guud" oo guji "For" Linux»:
Jaantuska 4 - Dib-u-habaynta hagayaasha ee Rapid SCADA (sawirka la riixi karo)
3. Qeex dekedda codbixinta ee Modbus RTU si la mid ah sida loogu qeexay nidaamka. Linux aaladaha. Xaaladdeenna, waa /dev/ttyUSB0
Jaantuska 5 - Dib-u-habaynta hagayaasha ee Rapid SCADA (sawirka la riixi karo)
Haddii aad wax su'aalo ah qabtid, dhammaan tilmaamaha rakibida dheeraadka ah ayaa laga heli karaa ama iyaga .
Qaybta III. Horumarinta mashruuca iyo soo dejinta qalabka
Horumarinta iyo muuqaalka mashruuca ayaa si toos ah loogu abuuray browserka laftiisa. Tani gabi ahaanba maahan mid caado ah kadib nidaamyada SCADA desktop, laakiin waa wax caadi ah.
Si gooni ah, waxaan jeclaan lahaa inaan xuso qaybaha xaddidan ee muuqaalka (Jaantuska 6). Qaybaha la dhisay waxaa ka mid ah LED, badhan, beddelka beddelka, isku xirka iyo tilmaame. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, faa'iidada ugu weyn ayaa ah in nidaamka SCADA uu taageerayo sawirada iyo qoraalka firfircoon. Aqoonta ugu yar ee tifaftirayaasha garaafyada (Corel, Adobe Photoshop, iwm.), waxaad abuuri kartaa maktabado kuu gaar ah sawirada, walxaha iyo textures, iyo taageerada curiyeyaasha GIF waxay kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad ku darto animation aragtida habka farsamada.
Jaantuska 6 - Qalabka tafatiraha qorshaha ee SCADA degdega ah
Qaab dhismeedka maqaalkan dhexdiisa, ma jirin yool lagu qeexi karo tallaabo tallaabo geeddi-socodka garaaf ahaan samaynta mashruuc ee SCADA degdegga ah. Sidaa darteed, si faahfaahsan uga hadli mayno qodobkan. Deegaanka horumariyaha, mashruuceena fudud "Nidaamka sahayda hawada ee la ciriiriyay" ee xarunta kombaresarada ayaa u eg sidan (Jaantuska 7):
Jaantuska 7 - Tafatiraha Qorshaha ee Degdegga ah SCADA (sawirka la riixi karo)
Marka xigta, ku dheji mashruucayaga qalabka. Si tan loo sameeyo, waxaan ku tusinaa cinwaanka IP-ga ee aaladda si aan mashruuca ugu wareejin localhost, laakiin kombuyuutarkeena ku xiran:
Jaantuska 8- Ku-raritaanka mashruuca qalabka ku jira Degdegga SCADA (sawirka la riixi karo)
Natiijo ahaan, waxaan helnay wax la mid ah (Jaantus 9). Dhinaca bidix ee shaashadda waxaa jira LEDs kuwaas oo ka tarjumaya heerka hawlgalka ee nidaamka oo dhan (compressor), iyo sidoo kale heerka hawlgalka ee valves (furan ama xiran), iyo qaybta dhexe ee shaashadda waxaa jira muuqaal. ee habka teknoolajiyada oo leh awoodda lagu xakameynayo aaladaha iyadoo la adeegsanayo beddelayaasha. Marka waalka gaarka ah la furo, midabka labadaba waalka laftiisa iyo dariiqa weyn ee u dhigma ayaa isu beddela cawl oo noqda cagaar.
Jaantuska 9-Mashruuca Saldhigga Compressor (animation GIF waa la riixi karo)
waxaad soo dejisan kartaa faylka mashruucan si dib loogu eego.
Jaantuska 10 ayaa muujinaya sida ay natiijada guud u egtahay.
Jaantuska 10 - Nidaamka SCADA ee Raspberry
natiijooyinka
Soo ifbaxa kombiyuutarada warshadaha ee xoogga leh ee ku xiran waxay suurtogal ka dhigtaa in la ballaariyo oo la dhammaystiro shaqeynta kontaroolayaasha macquulka ah ee barnaamijka. Ku rakibida nidaamyada SCADA ee la midka ah iyaga waxay dabooli karaan hawlaha wax soo saarka yar ama habka tignoolajiyada. Hawlaha waaweyn ee leh tiro badan oo isticmaaleyaal ah ama shuruudaha amniga oo kordhay, waxay u badan tahay inaad ku rakibto adeegayaal buuxa, armaajooyin otomaatig ah iyo PLC-yada caadiga ah. Si kastaba ha noqotee, dhibcaha otomatiga dhexdhexaadka ah iyo kuwa yar yar sida dhismayaasha yar yar ee warshadaha, guryaha kuleyliyaha, saldhigyada bamgareynta ama guryaha smart, xalkan ayaa u muuqda mid ku habboon. Marka loo eego xisaabintayada, aaladaha noocan oo kale ah waxay ku habboon yihiin hawlo leh illaa 500 xog gelin/dhibcood oo soo saara.
Haddii aad khibrad u leedahay sawirista tifaftirayaasha garaafyada kala duwan oo aadan maskaxda ku hayn xaqiiqda ah inaad adigu abuurto walxaha jaantusyada mnemonic, markaa ikhtiyaarka degdegga ah ee SCADA ee Raspberry waa mid aad u fiican. Shaqadeeda sida xal diyaarsan ayaa xoogaa xaddidan, maadaama ay tahay Isha Furan, laakiin waxay weli kuu ogolaaneysaa inaad daboosho hawlaha dhismaha yar ee warshadaha. Sidaa darteed, haddii aad u diyaariso qaab-dhismeedka muuqaalka naftaada, markaa waa suurtogal inaad u isticmaasho xalkan si aad u dhexgasho, haddii aysan ahayn dhammaan, ka dibna qayb ka mid ah mashaariicdaada.
Markaa, si aad u fahamto sida xalka noocan oo kale ah ee Raspberry uu kuu anfici karo iyo ilaa heerka mashaariicdaada lagu beddeli karo nidaamyada SCADA ee Open Source ee ku yaal Linux, su'aal aad u macquul ah ayaa soo baxaysa: nidaamyada SCADA ee aad inta badan isticmaasho?
Isticmaalayaasha diiwaangashan oo keliya ayaa ka qaybqaadan kara sahanka. , soo dhawoow.
Nidaamkee SCADA ee aad inta badan adeegsato?
35.2%SIMATIC WinCC (TIA Portal)18
7.8%Intouch Wonderware4
5.8%Habka raadraaca3
15.6%CodSys8
0%Bilowgii0
3.9%PCVue Solutions2
3.9%Vijeo Citect2
17.6%Master SCADA9
3.9%iRidium mobile2
3.9%Fudud-Scada2
7.8%Degdeg ah SCADA4
1.9%Isku-darka SCADA1
39.2%Doorasho kale (jawaab faalo ah)20
51 isticmaale ayaa codeeyay. 33 isticmaale ayaa ka aamusay.
Source: www.habr.com
