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Kernel-ka Linux wuxuu jirsaday 30 sano

Agoosto 25, 1991, ka dib shan bilood oo horumarin ah, arday 21 jir ah Linus Torvalds ayaa ku dhawaaqay kooxda wararka comp.os.minix abuurista tusaalaha shaqada ee nidaamka hawlgalka Linux cusub, kaas oo dhamaystirka dekedaha bash 1.08 iyo gcc 1.40 ayaa la xusay. Sii dayntii ugu horreysay ee dadwaynaha ee kernel Linux waxaa lagu dhawaaqay Sebtembar 17-keedii. Kernel 0.0.1 wuxuu ahaa 62 KB cabbir ahaan qaab la cufan wuxuuna ka kooban yahay ilaa 10 kun oo xariiq oo koodhka isha. Kernel-ka casriga ah ee Linux waxa uu leeyahay in ka badan 28 milyan oo xariiq oo kood ah. Marka loo eego daraasad 2010 ah oo uu u xilsaaray Midowga Yurub, qiyaasta kharashka ku baxaya samaynta mashruuc la mid ah kernel-ka casriga ah ee Linux ee xoqan ayaa ka badan doona bilyan doolarka Maraykanka ( xisaabinta waxaa la sameeyay markii kernel uu lahaa 13 milyan oo xariiq oo kood ah). marka loo eego qiyaasaha kale - in ka badan 3 bilyan

Kernel-ka Linux waxa dhiirigeliyay nidaamka hawlgalka ee MINIX, kaas oo Linus aanu jeclayn liisankiisa xaddidan awgeed. Ka dib, markii Linux noqday mashruuc si fiican loo yaqaan, kuwa xun-xun waxay isku dayeen inay ku eedeeyaan Linus inuu si toos ah u koobiyeeyay koodka qaar ka mid ah nidaamyada hoose ee MINIX. Weerarka waxaa iska celiyay Andrew Tanenbaum, oo ah qoraaga MINIX, kaas oo u xilsaaray mid ka mid ah ardaydiisa inuu sameeyo isbarbardhig tafatiran oo ku saabsan koodka Minix iyo noocyadii ugu horreeyay ee Linux. Natiijooyinka daraasadda ayaa muujisay joogitaanka afar ciyaarood oo aan muhiim ahayn oo ah blocks code sababtoo ah shuruudaha POSIX iyo ANSI C.

Linus wuxuu asal ahaan ugu tala galay inuu u waco kernel Freax, ereyada "free", "freak" iyo X (Unix). Laakiin magaca "Linux" waxaa la siiyay kernel-ka waxaa mahad leh Ari Lemmke, kaasoo, codsi Linus, ku dhejiyay kernel server-ka FTP ee jaamacadda, isaga oo magacaabaya tusaha ku jira kaydka "freax", sida Torvalds uu codsaday, laakiin "linux. ” Waxaa xusid mudan in ganacsadaha ganacsiga William Della Croce uu ku guuleystey in uu diiwaan geliyo ganacsiga Linux oo uu doonayey in uu ururiyo royalties waqti ka dib, laakiin markii dambe uu bedelay maskaxdiisa oo u wareejiyay dhammaan xuquuqda ganacsiga Linus. Mascot-ka rasmiga ah ee kernel Linux, Tux the penguin, ayaa loo doortay natiijada tartan la qabtay 1996. Magaca Tux wuxuu u taagan yahay Torvalds UniX.

Dhaqdhaqaaqa kobaca ee saldhiga koodhka kernel-ka (tirada xadhkaha koodhka isha):

  • 0.0.1 - Sebtembar 1991, 10 kun oo xariiq oo kood ah;
  • 1.0.0 - Maarso 1994, 176 kun oo xariiq oo code ah;
  • 1.2.0 - Maarso 1995, 311 kun oo xariiq oo code ah;
  • 2.0.0 - Juun 1996, 778 kun oo xariiq oo kood ah;
  • 2.2.0 - Janaayo 1999, 1.8 milyan oo xariiq oo kood ah;
  • 2.4.0 - Janaayo 2001, 3.4 milyan oo xariiq oo kood ah;
  • 2.6.0 - Diseembar 2003, 5.9 milyan oo xariiq oo kood ah;
  • 2.6.28 - Diseembar 2008, 10.2 milyan oo xariiq oo kood ah;
  • 2.6.35 - Agoosto 2010, 13.4 milyan oo khadadka code;
  • 3.0 - Agoosto 2011, 14.6 milyan oo khad kood ah.
  • 3.5 - Juulaay 2012, 15.5 milyan oo xariiq oo kood ah.
  • 3.10 - Juulaay 2013, 15.8 milyan oo xariiq oo kood ah;
  • 3.16 - Agoosto 2014, 17.5 milyan oo khadadka code;
  • 4.1 - Juun 2015, 19.5 milyan oo khadadka code;
  • 4.7 - Juulaay 2016, 21.7 milyan oo xariiq oo kood ah;
  • 4.12 - Juulaay 2017, 24.1 milyan oo xariiq oo kood ah;
  • 4.18 - Agoosto 2018, 25.3 milyan oo khad kood ah.
  • 5.2 - Juulaay 2019, 26.55 milyan oo xariiq oo kood ah.
  • 5.8 - Agoosto 2020, 28.4 milyan oo khad kood ah.
  • 5.13 - Juun 2021, 29.2 milyan oo khad kood ah.

Horumarka asaasiga ah ee horumarka:

  • Linux 0.0.1 - Sebtembar 1991, markii ugu horreysay ee la sii daayo dadweynaha, oo taageeraya kaliya i386 CPU iyo ka soo qaadashada diskka;
  • Linux 0.12 - Janaayo 1992, koodhka ayaa bilaabay in lagu qaybiyo shatiga GPLv2;
  • Linux 0.95 - Maarso 1992, awoodda lagu socodsiiyo Nidaamka daaqada X ayaa la bixiyay, taageerada xusuusta casriga ah iyo qaybinta isdhaafsiga ayaa la hirgeliyay.
  • Linux 0.96-0.99 - 1992-1993, shaqadu waxay ka bilaabatay xirmada shabakada. Waxaa la soo bandhigay nidaamka faylka Ext2, waxaa lagu daray taageerada qaabka faylka ELF, darawalada kaararka codka iyo kontaroolayaasha SCSI ayaa la soo bandhigay, rarka qaybaha kernel iyo nidaamka faylka /proc ayaa la hirgeliyay.
  • Sannadkii 1992, qaybintii ugu horreysay ee SLS iyo Yggdrasil ayaa soo muuqday. Xagaagii 1993, mashaariicda Slackware iyo Debian ayaa la aasaasay.
  • Linux 1.0 - March 1994, siidaynta ugu horeysay ee rasmi ah;
  • Linux 1.2 - March 1995, kororka weyn ee tirada darawallada, taageero dhufto ee Alpha, MIPS iyo SPARC, awoodaha balaariyay ee xidhmooyin network, muuqaalka kore ee filter baakidh, taageero NFS;
  • Linux 2.0 - Juun 1996, taageerada nidaamyada multiprocessor;
  • Maarso 1997: LKML, Liiskii soo-saareyaasha kernel Linux, oo la aasaasay;
  • 1998: Kooxdii ugu horreysay ee Linux ku salaysan oo lagu daray liiska Top500 ayaa la bilaabay, oo ka kooban 68 nood oo leh Alpha CPU;
  • Linux 2.2 - Janaayo 1999, wax ku oolnimada nidaamka maaraynta xusuusta ayaa la kordhiyey, taageerada IPV6 ayaa lagu daray, dab-damis cusub ayaa la hirgeliyay, nidaam hoose oo dhawaaqeed cusub ayaa la soo bandhigay;
  • Linux 2.4 - Febraayo 2001, waxay bixisaa taageerada nidaamyada 8-processor iyo 64 GB ee RAM, nidaamka faylka Ext3, taageerada USB, ACPI;
  • Linux 2.6 - Diseembar 2003, Taageerada SELinux, hagaajin toos ah ee xuduudaha kernel, sysfs, nidaamka maaraynta xusuusta ee dib loo habeeyay;
  • Sannadkii 2005, Xen hypervisor ayaa la soo bandhigay, kaas oo keenay xilligii wax-qabadka;
  • Bishii Sebtembar 2008, sii dayntii ugu horreysay ee aaladda Android ee ku saleysan kernel Linux ayaa la sameeyay;
  • Bishii Luulyo 2011, ka dib 10 sano oo horumarinta laanta 2.6.x, u gudubka lambarka 3.x ayaa la sameeyay. Tirada walxaha ku jirta kaydka Git ayaa gaadhay 2 milyan;
  • Sannadkii 2015, Linux kernel 4.0 ayaa la sii daayay. Tirada walxaha git ee kaydka ayaa gaadhay 4 milyan;
  • Bishii Abriil 2018, horumarka 6 milyan git walxood ee kaydka kernel waa la gudbay.
  • Bishii Janaayo 2019, laanta kernel Linux 5.0 ayaa la sameeyay. Kaydka ayaa gaadhay 6.5 milyan git walxood.
  • Kernel 2020, oo la daabacay Agoosto 5.8, ayaa noqotay tan ugu weyn marka loo eego tirada isbeddelada dhammaan kernels inta lagu jiro dhammaan jiritaanka mashruuca.
  • Kernel 5.13 ayaa dhigay rikoorka tirada horumariyeyaasha (2150), kuwaas oo isbedeladooda lagu daray kernel-ka.
  • Sannadkii 2021, koodka horumarinta darawallada ee luqadda Rust ayaa lagu daray laanta kernel-ka ee Linux-ka xigta. Shaqada ayaa socota in lagu daro qaybo lagu taageerayo miridhku xudunta u ah kernel.

68% dhammaan isbeddelada xudunta u ah waxaa sameeyay 20ka shirkadood ee ugu firfircoon. Tusaale ahaan, markii la sameeyay kernel 5.13, 10% dhammaan isbeddelada waxaa diyaariyey Intel, 6.5% Huawei, 5.9% by Red Hat, 5.7% by Linaro, 4.9% by Google, 4.8% by AMD, 3.1% by NVIDIA, 2.8 % ee Facebook, 2.3% - SUSE, 2.1% - IBM, 1.9% - Oracle, 1.5% - ARM, 1.4% - Canonical. 13.2% isbeddelada waxaa diyaariyey wax ku biiriyeyaal madax-banaan ama horumariyeyaal kuwaas oo aan si cad u sheegin inay u shaqeeyaan shirkado gaar ah. 1.3% isbedelada waxaa diyaariyay ardayda, ardayda qalin jabisay iyo wakiilada xarumaha waxbarashada. Marka la eego tirada 5.13 khadadka code ee lagu daray kernel, AMD waa hogaamiyaha, oo saamigiisu ahaa 20.2% (darawalka amdgpu wuxuu leeyahay qiyaastii 3 milyan oo kood ah, taas oo ah qiyaastii 10% wadarta cabbirka kernel - 2.4 milyan khadadka waxaa lagu xisaabiyaa iyadoo si toos ah loo soo saaray faylalka madaxa oo wata xogta diiwaanka GPU).

Source: opennet.ru

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