Inta lagu jiro shanta tallaabo ee ugu horreeya ee lagu sharraxay maqaalka Waxa aanu ku xidhnay saddex nood juqraafi ahaan fogfog leh shabakad dalwad ah. Mid ka mid ah kaas oo ku yaala shabakada jireed, labada kale waxay ku yaalaan laba DC oo kala duwan.
Tani ma qaadan waqti badan, inkastoo mid kasta oo ka mid ah noodhkan lagu daray shabakada mid mid. Laakiin maxaa dhacaya haddii aad u baahan tahay inaad ku xirto hal kaliya, laakiin dhammaan qanjidhada shabakadda jireed ee shabakadda farsamada ee ZeroTier? Hawshan waxa ay soo baxday maalin maalmaha ka mid ah markii aan la yaabay arrinta ku saabsan abaabulka helitaanka shabakada internetka ee daabacaha iyo router.
Waxaan isku dayay in aan isticmaalo habka kor lagu sharaxay, laakiin ma ahayn mid degdeg ah oo ma fududa meel kasta. Tusaale ahaan, daabacaha shabakada - kaliya kuma xidhi kartid. Mikrotik - ZeroTier ma taageerto. Maxaa la sameeyaa? Ka dib markii wax badan la gooyey oo la falanqeeyay qalabka, waxaan imid gabagabada in ay lagama maarmaan tahay in la abaabulo buundada shabakad.
buundada shabakada (sidoo kale buundada ka Ingiriis buundada) waa aaladda heerka labaad ee qaabka OSI, oo loogu talagalay in lagu daro qaybaha (subnets) ee shabakadda kombuyuutarka oo laga dhigo hal shabakad.
Waxaan rabaa inaan sheekada sidaan u sameeyay maqaalkan ku wadaago..
Maxaa nagu kacaya in aan dhisno buundo...
Si aan u bilaabo, aniga, maamule ahaan, waxay ahayd inaan go'aansado noodhka shabakada ee u dhaqmi doona sidii buundo. Markii aan bartay fursadaha, waxaan ogaaday inay noqon karto qalab kasta oo kombuyuutar ah oo awood u leh inuu abaabulo buundada u dhaxaysa is-dhexgalka shabakadaha. Waxay noqon kartaa sida router - qalab ama , iyo sidoo kale server-ka caadiga ah ama kombiyuutarka.
Markii hore, waxaan hubaa inaan ka fikiray isticmaalka router-ka OpenWRT. Laakiin maadaama aan si buuxda ugu qanacsanahay router-ka Mikrotik ee jira, inkastoo uusan taageerin isdhexgalka ZeroTier, runtiina aanan rabin inaan ku dhex milmo, waxaan go'aansaday inaan kombuyuutar u isticmaalo buundo shabakadeed. Gaar ahaan, Raspberry Pi 3 Model B oo ku shaqeynaya nooca ugu dambeeyay ee Raspbian, oo ah OS ku salaysan Raspberry Pi, oo si joogto ah ugu xiran shabakadda jireed. Debian Baster.
Si aad u habayn karto buundada, hal shabakad oo shabakad ah oo aanay isticmaalin adeegyada kale waa in laga helaa aaladda. Kiiskeyga, Ethernet-ka ugu weyn ayaa horeyba loo isticmaalay, sidaas darteed waxaan abaabulay mid labaad. Isticmaalka adabtarada USB-Ethernet ee ku salaysan RTL8152 chipset ka Realtek hawshan.
Ka dib markii lagu xidho adabtarada deked USB ah oo bilaash ah, cusbooneysiinta iyo dib u kicinta nidaamka:
sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
sudo rebootWaxaan hubiyay haddii nidaamku arko adabtarada USB Ethernet:
sudo lsusbKadib falanqaynta xogta la helay
Bus 001 Device 004: ID 0bda:8152 Realtek Semiconductor Corp. RTL8152 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 003: ID 0424:ec00 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMSC9512/9514 Fast Ethernet Adapter
Bus 001 Device 002: ID 0424:9514 Standard Microsystems Corp. SMC9514 Hub
Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hubWaxaan ku faraxsanahay inaan ogaado in Aaladda 004 ay tahay adabtarada kaliya.
Marka xigta, waxaan caddeeyey is-dhexgalka shabakadda ee loo qoondeeyay adabtaradan:
dmesg | grep 8152[ 2.400424] usb 1-1.3: New USB device found, idVendor=0bda, idProduct=8152, bcdDevice=20.00
[ 6.363837] usbcore: registered new interface driver r8152
[ 6.669986] r8152 1-1.3:1.0 eth1: v1.09.9
[ 8.808282] r8152 1-1.3:1.0 eth1: carrier onWaxay noqotay eth1 🙂 Oo hadda waan habeyn karaa iyada iyo buundada shabakadda.
Waxa aan runtii sameeyay waxay ahayd raacitaanka algorithm ee hoose:
- Xirmooyinka maaraynta buundada shabakadda ee la rakibay:
sudo apt-get install bridge-utils - ZeroTier ONE:
curl -s https://install.zerotier.com | sudo bash - U dir shabakada ZeroTier ee jirta:
sudo zerotier-cli join <Network ID> - Fuliyay amarka lagu joojiyo ZeroTier IP ciwaanka iyo maaraynta marinka:
sudo zerotier-cli set <networkID> allowManaged=0
Ku xiga maamulaha shabakadaada:
В Shabakadaha gujiyay faahfaahsan, helay oo raacay xiriirka v4AssignMode oo curyaamiyay si toos ah u-ku-dejinta cinwaannada IP-ga adiga oo calaamadaynaya sanduuqa hubinta Si otomaatig ah uga qaybso Barkadda Meelaynta IP
Intaa ka dib, waxaan oggolaaday noodhka ku xiran aniga oo dejinaya magaca oo hubinaya sanduuqyada hubinta La oggol yahay и Buundada Firfircoon Ma aan meelayn cinwaanka IP-ga
Kadibna wuxuu ku soo laabtay inuu dejiyo buundada shabakadda ee noodhka, kaas oo uu furay faylka qaabeynta isku xirka shabakadda si loogu tafatiro marinka:
sudo nano /etc/network/interfacesHalkee ayaan ku daray sadarradan soo socda?
auto eth1
allow-hotplug eth1
iface eth1 inet manual
auto br0
allow-hotplug br0
iface br0 inet static
address 192.168.0.10
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.0.1
network 192.168.0.0
broadcast 192.168.0.255
dns-nameservers 127.0.0.1
bridge_ports eth1 ztXXXXXXXX
bridge_fd 0
bridge_maxage 0 Xagee eth1 - adabtarada USB Ethernet ee ku xiran oo aan loo qoondeeyn cinwaanka IP.
br0 - buundada shabkada oo la abuurayo ciwaanka IP-ga joogtada ah ee loo qoondeeyay tirada ciwaanka ee shabakadayda jireed.
ztXXXXXXX - magaca ZeroTier Virtual interface, kaas oo lagu aqoonsaday amarka:
sudo ifconfigKa dib markii aan galiyay macluumaadka, waxaan kaydiyay faylka qaabeynta oo aan dib u soo rogay adeegyada shabakada amarka:
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restartSi aan u hubiyo shaqada buundada, waxaan orday amarka:
sudo brctl show Sida laga soo xigtay xogta la helay, buundada ayaa kor u kacday.
bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces
br0 8000.00e04c360769 no eth1
ztXXXXXXXXMarka xigta, waxaan u wareegay maamulaha shabakadda si aan u dejiyo waddada.
Waa maxay sababta aan u raacay xiriirka ku jira liiska noodyada shabakada? IP meelaynta buundada shabakadda. Marka xigta, daaqadda furmo, guji Wadooyinka la maamulay. Waxaan tagay bog cusub, halkaas oo sida Target tilmaamay 0.0.0.0 / 0, iyo sida Gawaarida - Ciwaanka IP-ga ee buundada shabakadda laga soo bilaabo kala duwanaanshaha ciwaanka ee shabakadda ururka, oo hore loo cayimay. Kiiskeyga 192.168.0.10
Waxa uu xaqiijiyay xogta la galiyay oo bilaabay hubinta isku xirka shabakada qanjidhada, isaga oo ku dhejinaya noodhka shabakada farsamada ee shabakada jireed iyo lidka ku ah.
Waa intaas!
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, si ka duwan tusaalaha laga soo qaaday sawirada shaashadda, ciwaanada IP-ga ee noodhka shabakada farsamada ayaa ka soo jeeda isku mid ah sida ciwaanada IP-ga ee noodhka ee shabakada jireed. Marka la isku xiro shabakadaha, qaabkani waa suurtogal, waxa ugu muhiimsan waa in aysan isku dhejin ciwaannada ay qaybiyeen server-ka DHCP.
Ku saabsan dejinta buundada shabakadda dhinaca guntin ku shaqeeya MS Windows iyo qaybinta kale Linux Maqaalkan faahfaahin kuma bixin doono—waxaa internetka ku jira waxyaabo badan oo ku saabsan mowduucan. Marka laga hadlayo habaynta dhinaca koontaroolayaasha shabakadda, waxay la mid tahay tan kor lagu sharaxay.
Waxa kaliya oo aan rabaa in aan ogaado in Raspberry PI uu yahay miisaaniyad iyo qalab ku habboon isku xirka shabakadaha ZeroTier, oo aan ahayn kaliya xal taagan. Tusaale ahaan, ilo-wareedyadu waxay isticmaali karaan buundada shabakad horay loo habeeyey oo ku salaysan Raspberry PI si ay si degdeg ah isugu geeyaan shabakadda jireed ee macmiilka loo adeego kuwa casriga ah ee ku salaysan ZeroTier.
Aan ku soo gabagabeeyo qaybtan sheekada. Su'aalo, jawaabo iyo faallooyin ayaan rajaynaya - sababtoo ah iyagaa saldhig u ah inaan dul istaagi doono maqaalka soo socda. Dhanka kale, waxaan kuu soo jeedinayaa inaad isku daydo inaad abaabusho shabakadaada casriga ah adoo isticmaalaya koontaroole shabakad gaar ah oo leh GUI ku salaysan VDS oo ka socota suuqa RUVDS Intaa waxaa dheer, dhammaan macaamiisha cusub waxay leeyihiin muddo tijaabo bilaash ah oo ah 3 maalmood!
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Source: www.habr.com
