🥇 Automatizimi i mirëmbajtjes së klasës kompjuterike duke përdorur Powershell

Prej disa vitesh unë kam mbështetur 10 stacione pune që përdorin Microsoft Windows 8.1 në universitet. Në thelb, mbështetja konsiston në instalimin e softuerit të nevojshëm për procesin arsimor dhe sigurimin e performancës së përgjithshme.

Çdo stacion ka 2 përdorues: Administrator dhe Student. Administratori ka kontroll të plotë; Studenti nuk ka mundësi të instalojë softuer. Për të mos e shqetësuar pastrimin e përdoruesit Student, kjo llogari thjesht fshihet tërësisht dhe krijohet përsëri. Kjo përfshin disa lëvizje fizike që duhet të kryhen në çdo stacion.

Këtë vit vendosa të automatizoj shumicën e lëvizjeve duke përdorur PowerShell pa ActiveDirectory dhe mblodha në këtë postim disa receta që gjeta në internet.

Trajnimi

Menjëherë hasa në faktin që PS 4 ishte instaluar në stacione dhe disa shembuj nga interneti i gjithëdijshëm nuk funksionuan. Prandaj, përpara se të ekzekutoni skriptet që rezultojnë, duhet të kryeni disa veprime:

vendos Korniza e Menaxhimit të Windows 5.1
Instaloni versionin më të fundit PowerShell

Veprimet e automatizuara

Fshirja/krijimi i një llogarie përdoruesi
Identifikimi automatik për një përdorues të caktuar
Ekzekutoni skriptin kur përdoruesi të regjistrohet për herë të parë

Fshirja/krijimi i një llogarie përdoruesi

Fillova me krijimin. Në këtë rast, duhet të kryeni 2 hapa: krijoni një përdorues (Përdoruesi i Ri-Lokal) dhe shtoni atë në grup (Shto-LocalGroupAmber). Për lehtësi, i kombinova këto komanda në një funksion:

Function New-User {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Создание нового пользователя
    .DESCRIPTION
        Данная функция создает нового пользователя и добавляет его в группу Пользователи
    .EXAMPLE
        #New-User "Student" "Student"
    .PARAMETER Name
        Имя нового пользователя (обязательный параметр)
    .PARAMETER Password
        Пароль (обязательный параметр)
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Name,
        [PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Password
        )

    $Pwd = convertto-securestring $Password -asplaintext -force
    $GroupSID = "S-1-5-32-545"
    New-LocalUser -User $Name -AccountNeverExpires:$true -FullName $Name -Password $Pwd -PasswordNeverExpires:$true
    Add-LocalGroupMember -SID $GroupSID -Member $Name

    Write-Host "-- Создан пользователь $Name с паролем $Password" -foregroundcolor Green
}

Unë e shtoj atë në grup sipas SID, sepse në një nga artikujt zbulova se SID e grupit të Përdoruesve është i njëjtë kudo - S-1-5-32-545.

Fshirja u organizua sipas parimit të mëposhtëm: fshini të gjitha llogaritë që janë krijuar nga Administratori. Për ta bërë këtë, duke përdorur objektin WMI të klasës Win32_UserProfile, përcaktoj të gjithë përdoruesit që nuk janë aktualisht aktivë dhe nuk janë të veçantë.

Function Remove-Users {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Удаление пользователей
    .DESCRIPTION
        Данная функция удаляет пользователей, которые сейчас не активны и не являются специальными
        Удаляются в том числе рабочий каталог и реестр пользователей
    .EXAMPLE
        #Remove-Users
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]

    $UsersProfiles = Get-WMIObject -class Win32_UserProfile -ComputerName $env:COMPUTERNAME | Where {!($_.Loaded) -and !($_.Special)}
    foreach($Usr in $UsersProfiles) {
       	$UsrName = $Usr.LocalPath.Split("")[2]
       	Write-Host "-- Удаление пользователя $UsrName ..." -foregroundcolor Green
       	Remove-LocalUser -Name $UsrName
	Remove-WmiObject -Path $Usr.__PATH
        Write-Host "-- Пользователь $UsrName удален" -foregroundcolor Green
    }
}

Autologin (autologin) i një përdoruesi të caktuar

Këtu gjithçka ishte e kufizuar në ndryshimin e regjistrit HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE. Këto veprime u kombinuan gjithashtu në një funksion të vogël:

Function Set-AutoLogon {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Включение автовхода для пользователя
    .DESCRIPTION
        Данная функция включает автовход для указанного пользователя
    .EXAMPLE
        #Set-AutoLogon  "Student" "Student"
    .PARAMETER Name
        Имя пользователя (обязательный параметр)
    .PARAMETER Password
        Пароль (обязательный параметр)
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Name,
        [PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Password
        )

    $PathToWinlogon = "HKLM:SoftwareMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionWinlogon"
    New-ItemProperty -Path $PathToWinlogon -Name AutoAdminLogon  -Value 1 -PropertyType "String"
    New-ItemProperty -Path $PathToWinlogon -Name DefaultUserName -Value $Name -PropertyType "String"
    New-ItemProperty -Path $PathToWinlogon -Name DefaultPassword -Value $Password -PropertyType "String"
}

Ekzekutoni skriptin kur përdoruesi të regjistrohet për herë të parë

Doli që jo gjithçka mund të konfigurohet përpara hyrjes së parë të një përdoruesi të ri (gjë që ishte disi befasuese për mua). Prandaj, ishte e nevojshme të ekzekutohej një skript që kryen disa veprime pas hyrjes së parë:

Vendosja e një përfaqësuesi
Parandalimi i krijimit të skedarëve në desktop
Përshtatja e panelit të kontrollit të përdoruesit

Provova disa metoda, por më funksionoi e mëposhtme: instaloni një detyrë. Por nuk mund të filloja një detyrë duke përdorur PS. Kështu që mora rrugën e gjatë:

schtasks /create /tn LogonUserSettings /tr "pwsh C:ScriptsSettings.ps1" /sc onlogon /ru $env:USERDOMAIN$UserName /rp $Password /f

Por kjo nuk ishte e mjaftueshme - Windows kërkoi të lejonte identifikimin si një punë grupi (SeBatchLogonRight). Kërkimi për një përgjigje në pyetjen se si ta bëni këtë çoi në këtë rezultat:

LsaWrapper

$Source = @'
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace MyLsaWrapper
{
    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
    using System.Security;
    using System.Management;
    using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
    using System.ComponentModel;

    using LSA_HANDLE = IntPtr;

    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
    struct LSA_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES
    {
        internal int Length;
        internal IntPtr RootDirectory;
        internal IntPtr ObjectName;
        internal int Attributes;
        internal IntPtr SecurityDescriptor;
        internal IntPtr SecurityQualityOfService;
    }
    [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
    struct LSA_UNICODE_STRING
    {
        internal ushort Length;
        internal ushort MaximumLength;
        [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
        internal string Buffer;
    }
    sealed class Win32Sec
    {
        [DllImport("advapi32", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true),
        SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute]
        internal static extern uint LsaOpenPolicy(
        LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] SystemName,
        ref LSA_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes,
        int AccessMask,
        out IntPtr PolicyHandle
        );

        [DllImport("advapi32", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true),
        SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute]
        internal static extern uint LsaAddAccountRights(
        LSA_HANDLE PolicyHandle,
        IntPtr pSID,
        LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] UserRights,
        int CountOfRights
        );

        [DllImport("advapi32", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true),
        SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute]
        internal static extern int LsaLookupNames2(
        LSA_HANDLE PolicyHandle,
        uint Flags,
        uint Count,
        LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] Names,
        ref IntPtr ReferencedDomains,
        ref IntPtr Sids
        );

        [DllImport("advapi32")]
        internal static extern int LsaNtStatusToWinError(int NTSTATUS);

        [DllImport("advapi32")]
        internal static extern int LsaClose(IntPtr PolicyHandle);

        [DllImport("advapi32")]
        internal static extern int LsaFreeMemory(IntPtr Buffer);

    }
    /// <summary>
    /// This class is used to grant "Log on as a service", "Log on as a batchjob", "Log on localy" etc.
    /// to a user.
    /// </summary>
    public sealed class LsaWrapper : IDisposable
    {
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        struct LSA_TRUST_INFORMATION
        {
            internal LSA_UNICODE_STRING Name;
            internal IntPtr Sid;
        }
        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        struct LSA_TRANSLATED_SID2
        {
            internal SidNameUse Use;
            internal IntPtr Sid;
            internal int DomainIndex;
            uint Flags;
        }

        [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
        struct LSA_REFERENCED_DOMAIN_LIST
        {
            internal uint Entries;
            internal LSA_TRUST_INFORMATION Domains;
        }

        enum SidNameUse : int
        {
            User = 1,
            Group = 2,
            Domain = 3,
            Alias = 4,
            KnownGroup = 5,
            DeletedAccount = 6,
            Invalid = 7,
            Unknown = 8,
            Computer = 9
        }

        enum Access : int
        {
            POLICY_READ = 0x20006,
            POLICY_ALL_ACCESS = 0x00F0FFF,
            POLICY_EXECUTE = 0X20801,
            POLICY_WRITE = 0X207F8
        }
        const uint STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED = 0xc0000022;
        const uint STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES = 0xc000009a;
        const uint STATUS_NO_MEMORY = 0xc0000017;

        IntPtr lsaHandle;

        public LsaWrapper()
            : this(null)
        { }
        // // local system if systemName is null
        public LsaWrapper(string systemName)
        {
            LSA_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES lsaAttr;
            lsaAttr.RootDirectory = IntPtr.Zero;
            lsaAttr.ObjectName = IntPtr.Zero;
            lsaAttr.Attributes = 0;
            lsaAttr.SecurityDescriptor = IntPtr.Zero;
            lsaAttr.SecurityQualityOfService = IntPtr.Zero;
            lsaAttr.Length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(LSA_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES));
            lsaHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
            LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] system = null;
            if (systemName != null)
            {
                system = new LSA_UNICODE_STRING[1];
                system[0] = InitLsaString(systemName);
            }

            uint ret = Win32Sec.LsaOpenPolicy(system, ref lsaAttr,
            (int)Access.POLICY_ALL_ACCESS, out lsaHandle);
            if (ret == 0)
                return;
            if (ret == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED)
            {
                throw new UnauthorizedAccessException();
            }
            if ((ret == STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES) || (ret == STATUS_NO_MEMORY))
            {
                throw new OutOfMemoryException();
            }
            throw new Win32Exception(Win32Sec.LsaNtStatusToWinError((int)ret));
        }

        public void AddPrivileges(string account, string privilege)
        {
            IntPtr pSid = GetSIDInformation(account);
            LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] privileges = new LSA_UNICODE_STRING[1];
            privileges[0] = InitLsaString(privilege);
            uint ret = Win32Sec.LsaAddAccountRights(lsaHandle, pSid, privileges, 1);
            if (ret == 0)
                return;
            if (ret == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED)
            {
                throw new UnauthorizedAccessException();
            }
            if ((ret == STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES) || (ret == STATUS_NO_MEMORY))
            {
                throw new OutOfMemoryException();
            }
            throw new Win32Exception(Win32Sec.LsaNtStatusToWinError((int)ret));
        }

        public void Dispose()
        {
            if (lsaHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                Win32Sec.LsaClose(lsaHandle);
                lsaHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
            }
            GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
        }
        ~LsaWrapper()
        {
            Dispose();
        }
        // helper functions

        IntPtr GetSIDInformation(string account)
        {
            LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] names = new LSA_UNICODE_STRING[1];
            LSA_TRANSLATED_SID2 lts;
            IntPtr tsids = IntPtr.Zero;
            IntPtr tdom = IntPtr.Zero;
            names[0] = InitLsaString(account);
            lts.Sid = IntPtr.Zero;
            //Console.WriteLine("String account: {0}", names[0].Length);
            int ret = Win32Sec.LsaLookupNames2(lsaHandle, 0, 1, names, ref tdom, ref tsids);
            if (ret != 0)
                throw new Win32Exception(Win32Sec.LsaNtStatusToWinError(ret));
            lts = (LSA_TRANSLATED_SID2)Marshal.PtrToStructure(tsids,
            typeof(LSA_TRANSLATED_SID2));
            Win32Sec.LsaFreeMemory(tsids);
            Win32Sec.LsaFreeMemory(tdom);
            return lts.Sid;
        }

        static LSA_UNICODE_STRING InitLsaString(string s)
        {
            // Unicode strings max. 32KB
            if (s.Length > 0x7ffe)
                throw new ArgumentException("String too long");
            LSA_UNICODE_STRING lus = new LSA_UNICODE_STRING();
            lus.Buffer = s;
            lus.Length = (ushort)(s.Length * sizeof(char));
            lus.MaximumLength = (ushort)(lus.Length + sizeof(char));
            return lus;
        }
    }
    public class LsaWrapperCaller
    {
        public static void AddPrivileges(string account, string privilege)
        {
            using (LsaWrapper lsaWrapper = new LsaWrapper())
            {
                lsaWrapper.AddPrivileges(account, privilege);
            }
        }
    }
}
'@

Add-Type -TypeDefinition $Source
[MyLsaWrapper.LsaWrapperCaller]::AddPrivileges($Identity, "SeBatchLogonRight")

Lejimi i hyrjes si një punë grupi na lejoi të lëviznim më tej - në shkrimin e një skripti që ekzekutohet nga poshtë përdoruesit.

Vendosja e një përfaqësuesi

Vendosja e një përfaqësuesi doli të jetë e thjeshtë. Zgjidhje pune u gjet shpejt:

Function Set-Proxy {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Установка параметров прокси
    .DESCRIPTION
        Данная функция задает параметры прокси для пользователя
    .EXAMPLE
        #Set-Proxy a.cproxy.ru 8080
    .PARAMETER Server
        Адрес или доменное имя сервера (обязательный параметр)
    .PARAMETER Port
        Порт (обязательный параметр)
    #>

    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Server,
        [PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][Int]$Port
        )

    If ((Test-NetConnection -ComputerName $Server -Port $Port).TcpTestSucceeded) {
        Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKCU:SoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet Settings' -name ProxyServer -Value "$($Server):$($Port)"
        Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKCU:SoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet Settings' -name ProxyEnable -Value 1
    } Else {
        Write-Error -Message "-- Invalid proxy server address or port:  $($Server):$($Port)"
    }
}

Parandalimi i krijimit të skedarëve në desktop

U desh më shumë kohë për të ndaluar krijimin e skedarëve në desktop sesa me rrjetin. Vendosja e lejeve në dosje doli të mos ishte aq e lehtë sa në sistemet *nix. Por edhe këtu kishte përgjigje që i përshtata me sukses për t'iu përshtatur vetes:

Function Set-AccessRule {
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Установка прав на папку
    .DESCRIPTION
        Данная функция устанавливает заданные права на директорию
    .EXAMPLE
        #Set-AccessRule -Folder $env:USERPROFILEDesktop  -UserName $env:USERNAME -Rules CreateFiles,AppendData -AccessControlType Deny
    .PARAMETER Folder
        Директория, над которой производится действие (обязательный параметр)
    .PARAMETER UserName
        Имя учетной записи пользователя, для кого задаются права доступа (обязательный параметр)
    .PARAMETER Rules
        Права доступа через запятую (обязательный параметр)
    .PARAMETER AccessControlType
        Обязательный параметр, который может принимать одно из двух значений: Allow или Deny
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param (
        [PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][Path]$Folder,
        [PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$UserName,
        [PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Rules,
        [PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$AccessControlType
        )

    #считываем текущий список ACL рабочего стола
    $acl = Get-Acl $Folder
    #Создаем переменную с нужными правами
    $fileSystemRights = [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]"$Rules"
    #Cоздаем переменную с указанием пользователя, прав доступа и типа разрешения
    $AccessRule = New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule($UserName, $fileSystemRights, $AccessControlType)
    #Передаем переменную в класс FileSystemAccessRule для создания объекта
    $acl.SetAccessRule($AccessRule)
    #Применяем разрешения к папке
    $acl | Set-Acl $Folder
}

Set-AccessRule -Folder $env:USERPROFILEDesktop  -UserName $env:USERNAME -Rules CreateFiles,AppendData,Delete -AccessControlType Deny

Përshkrimi i FileSystemRights në zyrtar Online.

Përshtatja e panelit të kontrollit të përdoruesit

Kjo nuk ishte e nevojshme, por mendova se do të ishte mirë t'u jepja studentëve një pult të personalizuar me programe të përdorura shpesh. Përgjigja është gjetur këtu.

Aplikacioni i gozhduar

function Set-PinnedApplication
{
    <#
    .SYNOPSIS
        Управление ярлыками на панели управления
    .DESCRIPTION
        Данная функция добавляет или удаляет ярлыки на панели управления пользователя
    .EXAMPLE
        #Set-PinnedApplication -Action UnpinfromTaskbar -FilePath "$env:ProgramFilesInternet Exploreriexplore.exe"
    .EXAMPLE
        #Set-PinnedApplication -Action PintoTaskbar -FilePath "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}Mozilla Firefoxfirefox.exe"
    .PARAMETER Action
        Обязательный параметр, который может принимать одно из двух значений: UnpinfromTaskbar или PintoTaskbar
    .PARAMETER FilePath
        Имя учетной записи пользователя, для кого задаются права доступа (обязательный параметр)
    #>
    [CmdletBinding()]
    param(
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Action, 
        [Parameter(Mandatory=$True)][String]$FilePath
   	)
    if(-not (test-path $FilePath)) { 
   	throw "FilePath does not exist."  
    }
    function InvokeVerb {
   	param([string]$FilePath,$verb)
	$verb = $verb.Replace("&","")
	$path = split-path $FilePath
	$shell = new-object -com "Shell.Application" 
	$folder = $shell.Namespace($path)   
	$item = $folder.Parsename((split-path $FilePath -leaf))
	$itemVerb = $item.Verbs() | ? {$_.Name.Replace("&","") -eq $verb}
	if($itemVerb -eq $null){
		throw "Verb $verb not found."			
	} else {
		$itemVerb.DoIt()
	}
   }
    function GetVerb {
	param([int]$verbId)
	try {
		$t = [type]"CosmosKey.Util.MuiHelper"
	} catch {
	    $def = [Text.StringBuilder]""
	    [void]$def.AppendLine('[DllImport("user32.dll")]')
	    [void]$def.AppendLine('public static extern int LoadString(IntPtr h,uint id, System.Text.StringBuilder sb,int maxBuffer);')
	    [void]$def.AppendLine('[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]')
	    [void]$def.AppendLine('public static extern IntPtr LoadLibrary(string s);')
	    Add-Type -MemberDefinition $def.ToString() -name MuiHelper -namespace CosmosKey.Util			
	}
	if($global:CosmosKey_Utils_MuiHelper_Shell32 -eq $null){		
	    $global:CosmosKey_Utils_MuiHelper_Shell32 = [CosmosKey.Util.MuiHelper]::LoadLibrary("shell32.dll")
	}
	$maxVerbLength=255
	$verbBuilder = New-Object Text.StringBuilder "",$maxVerbLength
	[void][CosmosKey.Util.MuiHelper]::LoadString($CosmosKey_Utils_MuiHelper_Shell32,$verbId,$verbBuilder,$maxVerbLength)
	return $verbBuilder.ToString()
    }
    $verbs = @{ 
	"PintoTaskbar"=5386
	"UnpinfromTaskbar"=5387
    }
    if($verbs.$Action -eq $null){
   	Throw "Action $action not supported`nSupported actions are:`n`tPintoTaskbar`n`tUnpinfromTaskbar"
    }
    InvokeVerb -FilePath $FilePath -Verb $(GetVerb -VerbId $verbs.$action)
}

Përfundim

Skriptet po funksionojnë, koha e shërbimit për çdo stacion është zvogëluar, qëllimi është arritur. Për mua, si përdorues Linux, vendosja e Windows nuk ishte aventura më e lehtë, por ishte edukative. Unë do të zhvilloj skenarin e konfigurimit. Ka plane për të shtuar një kontroll për softuerin e instaluar dhe instalimin dhe lëshimin e një antivirusi.

Skriptet përfundimtare në vazhdim

Drejtoni si Administrator

Function New-User {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Создание нового пользователя
.DESCRIPTION
Данная функция создает нового пользователя и добавляет его в группу Пользователи
.EXAMPLE
#New-User "Student" "Student"
.PARAMETER Name
Имя нового пользователя (обязательный параметр)
.PARAMETER Password
Пароль (обязательный параметр)
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Name,
[PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Password
)
$Pwd = convertto-securestring $Password -asplaintext -force
$GroupSID = "S-1-5-32-545"
New-LocalUser -User $Name -AccountNeverExpires:$true -FullName $Name -Password $Pwd -PasswordNeverExpires:$true
Add-LocalGroupMember -SID $GroupSID -Member $Name
Write-Host "-- Создан пользователь $Name с паролем $Password" -foregroundcolor Green
}
Function Remove-Users {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Удаление пользователей
.DESCRIPTION
Данная функция удаляет пользователей, которые сейчас не активны и не являются специальными
Удаляются в том числе рабочий каталог и реестр пользователей
.EXAMPLE
#Remove-Users
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
$UsersProfiles = Get-WMIObject -class Win32_UserProfile -ComputerName $env:COMPUTERNAME | Where {!($_.Loaded) -and !($_.Special)}
foreach($Usr in $UsersProfiles) {
$UsrName = $Usr.LocalPath.Split("")[2]
Write-Host "-- Удаление пользователя $UsrName ..." -foregroundcolor Green
Remove-LocalUser -Name $UsrName
Remove-WmiObject -Path $Usr.__PATH
Write-Host "-- Пользователь $UsrName удален" -foregroundcolor Green
}
}
Function Set-AutoLogon {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Включение автовхода для пользователя
.DESCRIPTION
Данная функция включает автовход для указанного пользователя
.EXAMPLE
#Set-AutoLogon  "Student" "Student"
.PARAMETER Name
Имя пользователя (обязательный параметр)
.PARAMETER Password
Пароль (обязательный параметр)
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Name,
[PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Password
)
$PathToWinlogon = "HKLM:SoftwareMicrosoftWindows NTCurrentVersionWinlogon"
New-ItemProperty -Path $PathToWinlogon -Name AutoAdminLogon  -Value 1 -PropertyType "String"
New-ItemProperty -Path $PathToWinlogon -Name DefaultUserName -Value $Name -PropertyType "String"
New-ItemProperty -Path $PathToWinlogon -Name DefaultPassword -Value $Password -PropertyType "String"
}
$Source = @'
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
namespace MyLsaWrapper
{
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Security;
using System.Management;
using System.Runtime.CompilerServices;
using System.ComponentModel;
using LSA_HANDLE = IntPtr;
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct LSA_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES
{
internal int Length;
internal IntPtr RootDirectory;
internal IntPtr ObjectName;
internal int Attributes;
internal IntPtr SecurityDescriptor;
internal IntPtr SecurityQualityOfService;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential, CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
struct LSA_UNICODE_STRING
{
internal ushort Length;
internal ushort MaximumLength;
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPWStr)]
internal string Buffer;
}
sealed class Win32Sec
{
[DllImport("advapi32", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true),
SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute]
internal static extern uint LsaOpenPolicy(
LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] SystemName,
ref LSA_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES ObjectAttributes,
int AccessMask,
out IntPtr PolicyHandle
);
[DllImport("advapi32", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true),
SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute]
internal static extern uint LsaAddAccountRights(
LSA_HANDLE PolicyHandle,
IntPtr pSID,
LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] UserRights,
int CountOfRights
);
[DllImport("advapi32", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode, SetLastError = true),
SuppressUnmanagedCodeSecurityAttribute]
internal static extern int LsaLookupNames2(
LSA_HANDLE PolicyHandle,
uint Flags,
uint Count,
LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] Names,
ref IntPtr ReferencedDomains,
ref IntPtr Sids
);
[DllImport("advapi32")]
internal static extern int LsaNtStatusToWinError(int NTSTATUS);
[DllImport("advapi32")]
internal static extern int LsaClose(IntPtr PolicyHandle);
[DllImport("advapi32")]
internal static extern int LsaFreeMemory(IntPtr Buffer);
}
/// <summary>
/// This class is used to grant "Log on as a service", "Log on as a batchjob", "Log on localy" etc.
/// to a user.
/// </summary>
public sealed class LsaWrapper : IDisposable
{
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct LSA_TRUST_INFORMATION
{
internal LSA_UNICODE_STRING Name;
internal IntPtr Sid;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct LSA_TRANSLATED_SID2
{
internal SidNameUse Use;
internal IntPtr Sid;
internal int DomainIndex;
uint Flags;
}
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
struct LSA_REFERENCED_DOMAIN_LIST
{
internal uint Entries;
internal LSA_TRUST_INFORMATION Domains;
}
enum SidNameUse : int
{
User = 1,
Group = 2,
Domain = 3,
Alias = 4,
KnownGroup = 5,
DeletedAccount = 6,
Invalid = 7,
Unknown = 8,
Computer = 9
}
enum Access : int
{
POLICY_READ = 0x20006,
POLICY_ALL_ACCESS = 0x00F0FFF,
POLICY_EXECUTE = 0X20801,
POLICY_WRITE = 0X207F8
}
const uint STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED = 0xc0000022;
const uint STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES = 0xc000009a;
const uint STATUS_NO_MEMORY = 0xc0000017;
IntPtr lsaHandle;
public LsaWrapper()
: this(null)
{ }
// // local system if systemName is null
public LsaWrapper(string systemName)
{
LSA_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES lsaAttr;
lsaAttr.RootDirectory = IntPtr.Zero;
lsaAttr.ObjectName = IntPtr.Zero;
lsaAttr.Attributes = 0;
lsaAttr.SecurityDescriptor = IntPtr.Zero;
lsaAttr.SecurityQualityOfService = IntPtr.Zero;
lsaAttr.Length = Marshal.SizeOf(typeof(LSA_OBJECT_ATTRIBUTES));
lsaHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] system = null;
if (systemName != null)
{
system = new LSA_UNICODE_STRING[1];
system[0] = InitLsaString(systemName);
}
uint ret = Win32Sec.LsaOpenPolicy(system, ref lsaAttr,
(int)Access.POLICY_ALL_ACCESS, out lsaHandle);
if (ret == 0)
return;
if (ret == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED)
{
throw new UnauthorizedAccessException();
}
if ((ret == STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES) || (ret == STATUS_NO_MEMORY))
{
throw new OutOfMemoryException();
}
throw new Win32Exception(Win32Sec.LsaNtStatusToWinError((int)ret));
}
public void AddPrivileges(string account, string privilege)
{
IntPtr pSid = GetSIDInformation(account);
LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] privileges = new LSA_UNICODE_STRING[1];
privileges[0] = InitLsaString(privilege);
uint ret = Win32Sec.LsaAddAccountRights(lsaHandle, pSid, privileges, 1);
if (ret == 0)
return;
if (ret == STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED)
{
throw new UnauthorizedAccessException();
}
if ((ret == STATUS_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES) || (ret == STATUS_NO_MEMORY))
{
throw new OutOfMemoryException();
}
throw new Win32Exception(Win32Sec.LsaNtStatusToWinError((int)ret));
}
public void Dispose()
{
if (lsaHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
Win32Sec.LsaClose(lsaHandle);
lsaHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
}
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
~LsaWrapper()
{
Dispose();
}
// helper functions
IntPtr GetSIDInformation(string account)
{
LSA_UNICODE_STRING[] names = new LSA_UNICODE_STRING[1];
LSA_TRANSLATED_SID2 lts;
IntPtr tsids = IntPtr.Zero;
IntPtr tdom = IntPtr.Zero;
names[0] = InitLsaString(account);
lts.Sid = IntPtr.Zero;
//Console.WriteLine("String account: {0}", names[0].Length);
int ret = Win32Sec.LsaLookupNames2(lsaHandle, 0, 1, names, ref tdom, ref tsids);
if (ret != 0)
throw new Win32Exception(Win32Sec.LsaNtStatusToWinError(ret));
lts = (LSA_TRANSLATED_SID2)Marshal.PtrToStructure(tsids,
typeof(LSA_TRANSLATED_SID2));
Win32Sec.LsaFreeMemory(tsids);
Win32Sec.LsaFreeMemory(tdom);
return lts.Sid;
}
static LSA_UNICODE_STRING InitLsaString(string s)
{
// Unicode strings max. 32KB
if (s.Length > 0x7ffe)
throw new ArgumentException("String too long");
LSA_UNICODE_STRING lus = new LSA_UNICODE_STRING();
lus.Buffer = s;
lus.Length = (ushort)(s.Length * sizeof(char));
lus.MaximumLength = (ushort)(lus.Length + sizeof(char));
return lus;
}
}
public class LsaWrapperCaller
{
public static void AddPrivileges(string account, string privilege)
{
using (LsaWrapper lsaWrapper = new LsaWrapper())
{
lsaWrapper.AddPrivileges(account, privilege);
}
}
}
}
'@
Add-Type -TypeDefinition $Source | Out-Null
# -------------------------
# Пересоздание пользователя
# -------------------------
$UserName    = "Student"
$Password    = "Student"
Remove-Users | Out-Null
New-User $UserName $Password | Out-Null
Set-AutoLogon $UserName $Password | Out-Null
[MyLsaWrapper.LsaWrapperCaller]::AddPrivileges($UserName, "SeBatchLogonRight") | Out-Null
write-host "-- разрешен вход в качестве пакетного задания для пользователя $UserName" -foregroundcolor Green
schtasks /create /tn LogonUserSettings /tr "pwsh C:ScriptsSetupUser.ps1" /sc onlogon /ru $env:USERDOMAIN$UserName /rp $Password /f

Nisur nën përdoruesin Student

Function Set-Proxy {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Установка параметров прокси
.DESCRIPTION
Данная функция задает параметры прокси для пользователя
.EXAMPLE
#Set-Proxy a.cproxy.ru 8080
.PARAMETER Server
Адрес или доменное имя сервера (обязательный параметр)
.PARAMETER Port
Порт (обязательный параметр)
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Server,
[PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][Int]$Port
)
If ((Test-NetConnection -ComputerName $Server -Port $Port).TcpTestSucceeded) {
Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKCU:SoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet Settings' -name ProxyServer -Value "$($Server):$($Port)"
Set-ItemProperty -Path 'HKCU:SoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionInternet Settings' -name ProxyEnable -Value 1
} Else {
Write-Error -Message "-- Invalid proxy server address or port:  $($Server):$($Port)"
}
}
Function Set-AccessRule {
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Установка правк на папку
.DESCRIPTION
Данная функция устанавливает заданные права на дирректорию
.EXAMPLE
#Set-AccessRule -Folder $env:USERPROFILEDesktop  -UserName $env:USERNAME -Rules CreateFiles,AppendData -AccessControlType Deny
.PARAMETER Folder
Дирректория, над которой производится действие (обязательный параметр)
.PARAMETER UserName
Имя учетной записи пользователя, для кого задаются права доступа (обязательный параметр)
.PARAMETER Rules
Права доступа через запятую(обязательный параметр)
.PARAMETER AccessControlType
Обязательный параметр, который может принмать одно из двух значений: Allow или Deny
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param (
[PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Folder,
[PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$UserName,
[PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Rules,
[PARAMETER(Mandatory=$True)][String]$AccessControlType
)
#считываем текущий список ACL рабочего стола
$acl = Get-Acl $Folder
#Создаем переменню с нужными правами
$fileSystemRights = [System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemRights]"$Rules"
#Cоздаем переменную с указанием пользователя, прав доступа и типа разрешения
$AccessRule = New-Object System.Security.AccessControl.FileSystemAccessRule($UserName, $fileSystemRights, $AccessControlType)
#Передаем переменную в класс FileSystemAccessRule для создания объекта
$acl.SetAccessRule($AccessRule)
#Применяем разрешения к папке
$acl | Set-Acl $Folder
}
function Set-PinnedApplication
{
<#
.SYNOPSIS
Управление ярлыками на панели управления
.DESCRIPTION
Данная функция добавляет или удаляет ярлыки на панели управления пользователя
.EXAMPLE
#Set-PinnedApplication -Action UnpinfromTaskbar -FilePath "$env:ProgramFilesInternet Exploreriexplore.exe"
.EXAMPLE
#Set-PinnedApplication -Action PintoTaskbar -FilePath "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}Mozilla Firefoxfirefox.exe"
.PARAMETER Action
Обязательный параметр, который может принимать одно из двух значений: UnpinfromTaskbar или PintoTaskbar
.PARAMETER FilePath
Имя учетной записи пользователя, для кого задаются права доступа (обязательный параметр)
#>
[CmdletBinding()]
param(
[Parameter(Mandatory=$True)][String]$Action, 
[Parameter(Mandatory=$True)][String]$FilePath
)
if(-not (test-path $FilePath)) { 
throw "FilePath does not exist."  
}
function InvokeVerb {
param([string]$FilePath,$verb)
$verb = $verb.Replace("&","")
$path = split-path $FilePath
$shell = new-object -com "Shell.Application" 
$folder = $shell.Namespace($path)   
$item = $folder.Parsename((split-path $FilePath -leaf))
$itemVerb = $item.Verbs() | ? {$_.Name.Replace("&","") -eq $verb}
if($itemVerb -eq $null){
throw "Verb $verb not found."           
} else {
$itemVerb.DoIt()
}
}
function GetVerb {
param([int]$verbId)
try {
$t = [type]"CosmosKey.Util.MuiHelper"
} catch {
$def = [Text.StringBuilder]""
[void]$def.AppendLine('[DllImport("user32.dll")]')
[void]$def.AppendLine('public static extern int LoadString(IntPtr h,uint id, System.Text.StringBuilder sb,int maxBuffer);')
[void]$def.AppendLine('[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]')
[void]$def.AppendLine('public static extern IntPtr LoadLibrary(string s);')
Add-Type -MemberDefinition $def.ToString() -name MuiHelper -namespace CosmosKey.Util            
}
if($global:CosmosKey_Utils_MuiHelper_Shell32 -eq $null){        
$global:CosmosKey_Utils_MuiHelper_Shell32 = [CosmosKey.Util.MuiHelper]::LoadLibrary("shell32.dll")
}
$maxVerbLength=255
$verbBuilder = New-Object Text.StringBuilder "",$maxVerbLength
[void][CosmosKey.Util.MuiHelper]::LoadString($CosmosKey_Utils_MuiHelper_Shell32,$verbId,$verbBuilder,$maxVerbLength)
return $verbBuilder.ToString()
}
$verbs = @{ 
"PintoTaskbar"=5386
"UnpinfromTaskbar"=5387
}
if($verbs.$Action -eq $null){
Throw "Action $action not supported`nSupported actions are:`n`tPintoTaskbar`n`tUnpinfromTaskbar"
}
InvokeVerb -FilePath $FilePath -Verb $(GetVerb -VerbId $verbs.$action)
}
Set-Proxy cproxy.udsu.ru 8080
Set-AccessRule -Folder $env:USERPROFILEDesktop  -UserName $env:USERNAME -Rules "CreateFiles,AppendData,Delete" -AccessControlType Deny
Set-PinnedApplication -Action UnpinfromTaskbar -FilePath "$env:ProgramFilesInternet Exploreriexplore.exe"
Set-PinnedApplication -Action PintoTaskbar -FilePath "${env:ProgramFiles(x86)}Mozilla Firefoxfirefox.exe"
Set-PinnedApplication -Action PintoTaskbar -FilePath "$env:ProgramDataMicrosoftWindowsStart MenuProgramsMicrosoft Office 2013Excel 2013.lnk"
Set-PinnedApplication -Action PintoTaskbar -FilePath "$env:ProgramDataMicrosoftWindowsStart MenuProgramsMicrosoft Office 2013Word 2013.lnk"
Set-PinnedApplication -Action PintoTaskbar -FilePath "$env:ProgramDataMicrosoftWindowsStart MenuProgramsMicrosoft Office 2013PowerPoint 2013.lnk"
Set-PinnedApplication -Action PintoTaskbar -FilePath "$env:ProgramDataMicrosoftWindowsStart MenuProgramsАСКОНКОМПАС-3D V16КОМПАС-3D V16.lnk"
# Удаление задачи, после ее выполнения
Unregister-ScheduledTask -TaskName UdSUSettingStudent -Confirm:$false

Burimi: www.habr.com

Automatizimi i mirëmbajtjes së klasës kompjuterike duke përdorur Powershell