{"id":100032,"date":"2021-04-26T10:22:56","date_gmt":"2021-04-26T08:22:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-12"},"modified":"2021-04-26T10:22:56","modified_gmt":"2021-04-26T08:22:56","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-12","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7lirimi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux 5.12","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas dy muajsh zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds prezantoi versionin e kernelit Linux 5.12. Disa nga ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb: mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr pajisje blokuesi t\u00eb zonuar n\u00eb Btrfs, mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e mapimit t\u00eb identifikuesve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve p\u00ebr FS, pastrimin e arkitekturave t\u00eb vjetra ARM, regjimin e shkruajtes\u00ebs 't\u00eb padurueshme' n\u00eb NFS, mekanizmin LOOKUP_CACHED p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar rrug\u00ebt e skedar\u00ebve nga cache, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr instruksione atomike n\u00eb BPF, sistemin e ndihm\u00ebs KFENCE p\u00ebr identifikimin e gabimeve n\u00eb menaxhimin e memories, nj\u00eb modalitet NAPI polling q\u00eb funksionon n\u00eb nj\u00eb thread t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb kernelit n\u00eb skemin e rrjetit, hipervizorin ACRN, mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e ndryshimit n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale t\u00eb modelit preempt n\u00eb planifikuesin e pun\u00ebve dhe mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr optimizimet LTO gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit me Clang.    <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb versionin e ri jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb 14170 (n\u00eb versionin e kaluar 15480) rregullime nga 1946 (1991) zhvillues, madh\u00ebsia e patch-it \u00ebsht\u00eb 38 MB (ndryshimet prekin 12102 (12090) skedar\u00eb, jan\u00eb shtuar 538599 (868025) linja kodi, jan\u00eb fshir\u00eb 333377 (261456) linja). Rreth 43% e t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimeve t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb 5.12 lidhen me drejtor\u00ebt e pajisjeve, rreth 17% e ndryshimeve kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me rinovimin e kodit t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr arkitekturat harduerike, 12% lidhen me skem\u00ebn e rrjetit, 5% me sistemet e skedar\u00ebve dhe 4% me n\u00ebn-sistemet e brendshme t\u00eb kernelit.    <\/p>\n<p>Novitetet kryesore:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i disqeve, hyrja\/ dalje dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb implementuar mund\u00ebsia e mapimit t\u00eb identifikator\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve p\u00ebr sistemet e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb montuara (mund t\u00eb mapohen skedar\u00ebt e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb huaj t\u00eb montuar me nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorues n\u00eb sistemin aktual). Mapimi mb\u00ebshtetet p\u00ebr FS FAT, ext4 dhe XFS. Funksionaliteti i propozuar leht\u00ebson ndarjen e skedar\u00ebve nga p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm dhe n\u00eb kompjuter\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb se mapimi do t\u00eb aplikohet n\u00eb mekanizmin p\u00ebr katalog\u00eb t\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb portable systemd-homed, duke i mund\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb zhvendosin katalog\u00ebt e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb tyre n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb jashtme dhe t'i p\u00ebrdorin ata n\u00eb kompjuter\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, ku shpjegimi i identifikator\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve nuk p\u00ebrputhet. Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb dobish\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb organizimi i ofrimit t\u00eb aksesit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt n\u00eb skedar\u00eb nga nj\u00eb host i jasht\u00ebm, pa ndryshuar faktikisht t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat mbi pronar\u00ebt e skedar\u00ebve n\u00eb FS.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb thelb jan\u00eb pranuar patch-e LOOKUP_CACHED, q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb, nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit, t\u00eb kryhen operacione p\u00ebr identifikimin e rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve pa bllokim, vet\u00ebm mbi baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb disponueshme n\u00eb cache. M\u00ebnyra LOOKUP_CACHED aktivizohet n\u00eb thirrjen openat2() duke kaluar flamurin RESOLVE_CACHED, ku t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat jepen vet\u00ebm nga cache dhe n\u00ebse identifikimi i rrug\u00ebs k\u00ebrkon qasje n\u00eb magazin\u00eb, kthehet gabimi EAGAIN.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Btrfs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr pajisje bllokuese t\u00eb zonuar (pajisje mbi disqe magnetike ose NVMe SSD, hap\u00ebsira e ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndar\u00eb n\u00eb zona, q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb grupe bllokesh ose sektor\u00ebsh, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat lejohet vet\u00ebm shtim t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebshme me azhurnimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb grupit t\u00eb bllokesh). N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr blloqet me metadata dhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla se faqja (subpage).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve F2FS \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur algoritmin dhe nivelin e kompresimit. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje e nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb kompresimit p\u00ebr algoritmin LZ4. \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar opsioni i montimit checkpoint_merge.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb komand\u00eb e re ioctl FS_IOC_READ_VERITY_METADATA p\u00ebr t\u00eb lexuar metadat e skedareve t\u00eb mbrojtura me fs-verity.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb klientin NFS \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar regjimi 'i paduruesh\u00ebm' i shkruajtes\u00ebs (writes=eager), kur aktivizohet operacionet e shkruajtes\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb skedar transferohen menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb server, duke kaluar cache-in e faqeve. Ky regjim lejon t\u00eb reduktohet konsumimi i memories, siguron marrjen e menj\u00ebhershme t\u00eb informacionit rreth p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb n\u00eb FS dhe n\u00eb disa raste ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb CIFS (SMB) jan\u00eb shtuar opsione t\u00eb reja montimi: acregmax p\u00ebr menaxhimin e caching-ut t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve dhe acdirmax p\u00ebr menaxhimin e caching-ut t\u00eb metadatuar t\u00eb katalog\u00ebve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb XFS \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb m\u00ebnyra e verifikimit t\u00eb shumta t\u00eb kuotave, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar ekzekutimi i fsync, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitja e kodit growfs p\u00ebr realizimin e funksionit t\u00eb zvog\u00eblimit t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb FSh.                        <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memorie dhe sh\u00ebrbime sistemike<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar n\u00ebn-sistemi DTMP (Dynamic Thermal Power Management), q\u00eb lejon rregullimin dinamik t\u00eb konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb ndryshme mbi baz\u00ebn e kufizimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb temperatur\u00ebs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ka \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb b\u00ebrthame nga kompileri Clang me p\u00ebrfshirjen e optimizimeve n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e lidhjes (LTO, Link Time Optimization). Optimizimet LTO karakterizohen nga marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia e gjendjes s\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha skedave pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebse n\u00eb procesin e nd\u00ebrtimit, nd\u00ebrsa modet tradicionale t\u00eb optimizimit optimizojn\u00eb \u00e7do sked\u00eb ve\u00e7mas dhe nuk marrin parasysh kushtet e thirrjeve t\u00eb funksioneve t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara n\u00eb skedat e tjera. P\u00ebr shembull, me LTO, p\u00ebr funksionet nga skedat e tjera \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur zhvillimi i inlin\u00ebs, kodi i pa p\u00ebrdorur nuk p\u00ebrfshihet n\u00eb skedarin ekzekutiv, b\u00ebhet verifikimi i tipave dhe optimizimi i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm n\u00eb nivel projekti. Mb\u00ebshtetje LTO aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e kufizuar n\u00eb arkitekturat x86 dhe ARM64.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb krijuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr zgjedhjen e modove t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhjes (PREEMPT) n\u00eb planifikuesin e detyrave n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e ngarkimit (preempt=none\/voluntary\/full) ose gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes debugfs (\/debug\/sched_debug), n\u00eb rast se \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrthames se parameteri PREEMPT_DYNAMIC \u00ebsht\u00eb aktiv. M\u00eb par\u00eb, modelet e prekjes mund t\u00eb vendoseshin vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nivelin e parametrave t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit. Ky ndryshim lejon distro-in t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb b\u00ebrthama me modin PREEMPT t\u00eb aktivizuar, q\u00eb siguron vonesa minimale p\u00ebr desktop-et, n\u00eb kembim t\u00eb nj\u00eb zvog\u00eblimi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb kapacitetit, dhe n\u00eb rast nevoje t\u00eb rikthehen n\u00eb modet PREEMPT_VOLUNTARY (modi nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebs p\u00ebr desktop-et) ose PREEMPT_NONE (siguron kapacitetin maksimal p\u00ebr) <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/server\/\"   title=\"server\u00ebsh\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1575\">server\u00ebsh<\/a>).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebsistemin BPF \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr operacione atomike BPF_ADD, BPF_AND, BPF_OR, BPF_XOR, BPF_XCHG dhe BPF_CMPXCHG.\n<li class=\"l\"> Programeve BPF u \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb stek duke p\u00ebrdorur tregues me zhvendosje variab\u00ebl. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00ebse m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb n\u00eb stek mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb indeks konstant, tani mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb indeks i ndryshuesh\u00ebm. Kontrolli mbi aksesin b\u00ebhet vet\u00ebm brenda kufijve ekzistues nga verifikuesi BPF. Kjo mund\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr programet me privilegje p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimeve p\u00ebr shfryt\u00ebzimin e dob\u00ebsive t\u00eb lidhura me ekzekutimin spekulativ t\u00eb kodit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e bashkimit t\u00eb programeve BPF me 'pik\u00eb t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebta' t\u00eb gjurmimit (bare tracepoints), t\u00eb cilat nuk lidhen me ngjarjet e dukshme t\u00eb gjurmimit n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit (p\u00ebr k\u00ebto pika gjurmimi nuk garanton ruajtjen e ABI).\n<li class=\"l\"> Suporti p\u00ebr autobusin CXL 2.0 (Compute Express Link) \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar, i cili p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr organizimin e nd\u00ebrveprimit me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb midis CPU-s\u00eb dhe pajisjeve t\u00eb memories (lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e pajisjeve t\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb memories si nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e RAM-it ose memories s\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme, ashtu si n\u00ebse kjo memorie ishte lidhur p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb kontrolluesi memories n\u00eb CPU).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar driveri nvmem p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga zonat e memories t\u00eb rezervuara nga firmware, t\u00eb cilat nuk jan\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt t\u00eb aksesueshme nga Linux (p\u00ebr shembull, memoria EEPROM, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb fizike vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr firmware, ose t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb aksesueshme vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb hershme t\u00eb ngarkimit).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb hequr mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr sistemin e profilizimit 'oprofile', i cili nuk u p\u00ebrhap si\u00e7 duhet dhe u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsua nga nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm m\u00eb modern perf.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e hyrjes\/asnj\u00eb dalje io_uring \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar integrimi me cgroup, q\u00eb kontrollon p\u00ebrdorimin e memories.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn RISC-V \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sistemet NUMA, si dhe mekanizmat kprobes dhe uprobes.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb thirrjes s\u00eb sistemit kcmp() pa marr\u00eb parasysh funksionalitetin e kopjave t\u00eb gjendjeve t\u00eb proceseve (checkpoint\/restore).\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb hequr makros EXPORT_UNUSED_SYMBOL() dhe EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL_FUTURE(), t\u00eb cilat nuk jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur praktikisht p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite.                       <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizimi dhe siguria<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mekanizmi i mbrojtjes KFence (Kernel Electric Fence), i cili kap gabimet gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs me memorien, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb daljet p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb bufer\u00ebve dhe qasjet pas \u00e7lirimit t\u00eb memories. Ndryshe nga mekanizmi i ndihm\u00ebs KASAN, n\u00ebn-sistemi KFence p\u00ebrshkruhet me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe kosto t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, \u00e7ka lejon kapjen e gabimeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs me memorien, t\u00eb cilat shfaqen vet\u00ebm n\u00eb sistemet e pun\u00ebs ose gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb gjat\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr hipervizorin ACRN, i shkruar me v\u00ebmendje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrgatitjen p\u00ebr kryerjen e detyrave n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale dhe p\u00ebrshtatshm\u00ebrin\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb sisteme kritike. ACRN siguron kosto minimale, garanton vonesa t\u00eb ulta dhe reagim t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimit me pajisjet. Mb\u00ebshtetet virtualizimi i burimeve t\u00eb CPU-s\u00eb, hyrjes\/daljes, n\u00ebn-sistemit rrjet\u00ebsor, operacioneve me grafik\u00eb dhe z\u00eb. ACRN mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtuar disa sisteme t\u00eb izoluara. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vps\/\"   title=\"makinat virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2053\">makinat virtuale<\/a> n\u00eb blloqet elektronik\u00eb t\u00eb kontrollit, panel\u00ebt e instrumenteve, sistemet e informacionit automobilistik, pajisjet IoT p\u00ebr konsumator\u00ebt dhe teknologji t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb integruar. ACRN mb\u00ebshtet dy lloje sistemesh t\u00eb ftuar \u2014 Service VM me privilegje, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar burimet e sistemit (CPU, memorie, input\/output, etj.), dhe User VM, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb run\u00eb distribucione Linux, Android dhe Windows.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebnstruktur\u00ebn IMA (Arkitektura e Masave t\u00eb Integritetit), e cila siguron ruajtjen e nj\u00eb baze hash p\u00ebr verifikimin e integritetit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve dhe metadaten e tyre t\u00eb lidhura, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr verifikimin e integritetit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb vet\u00eb kernelit, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur ndryshimet n\u00eb rregullat SELinux.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb hypervizorin KVM \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e kapjes s\u00eb thirrjeve hyper dhe kalimi i tyre n\u00eb emulatorin q\u00eb punon n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur Linux si ambient rr\u00ebnj\u00eb p\u00ebr hypervizorin Hyper-V. Ambienti rr\u00ebnj\u00eb ka qasje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb pajisje dhe p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur sistemet mikprit\u00ebse (analog t\u00eb Dom0 n\u00eb Xen). Deri tani, Hyper-V (Microsoft Hypervisor) ka mb\u00ebshtetur Linux vet\u00ebm n\u00eb ambientet mikprit\u00ebse, por vet\u00eb hypervizori \u00ebsht\u00eb menaxhuar nga nj\u00eb ambient i bazuar n\u00eb Windows.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kriptimin inline p\u00ebr kartat e eMMC, e cila lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e mekanizmave t\u00eb integruar n\u00eb kontrolluesin e diskut p\u00ebr kriptim, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kryejn\u00eb kriptimin dhe dekriptimin transparent t\u00eb input\/output.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nga n\u00ebnstruktura kriptografike \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr hash-et RIPE-MD 128\/256\/320 dhe Tiger 128\/160\/192 q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb kernel, si dhe p\u00ebr algoritmin e rrjedh\u00ebs Salsa20, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nga algoritmi ChaCha20. Algoritmi blake2 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb implementimin blake2s.          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi rrjetor<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">\u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e ndarjes s\u00eb manipuluesit t\u00eb polingut NAPI t\u00eb pajisjeve rrjet n\u00eb nj\u00eb thread t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb kernelit, q\u00eb lejon p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e performanc\u00ebs p\u00ebr disa lloje ngarkesash. Deri tani, polingu \u00ebsht\u00eb kryer n\u00eb kontekstin e softirq dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb mbuluar nga planifikuesi i detyrave, dhe kjo e ka v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsuar optimizimin e holl\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur performanc\u00ebn maksimale. Kryerja n\u00eb nj\u00eb thread t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb kernelit lejon mbik\u00ebqyrjen e manipuluesit t\u00eb polingut nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit, lidhjen me b\u00ebrthama t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb CPU dhe p\u00ebrfshirjen n\u00eb planifikimin e kalimeve t\u00eb detyrave. P\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar modin e ri, n\u00eb sysfs \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar parametri \/sys\/class\/net\/\/threaded.\n<li class=\"l\"> Integrimi n\u00eb thelbin e MPTCP (MultiPath TCP) \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduar, nj\u00eb zgjerim i protokollit TCP p\u00ebr organizimin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb lidhjes TCP me shp\u00ebrndarjen e paketave n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohshme p\u00ebrmes disa rrug\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb rrjetit, t\u00eb lidhura me adresat e ndryshme IP. N\u00eb versionin e ri \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e lidhjes s\u00eb prioritetit me rrjedha t\u00eb caktuara, q\u00eb lejon, p\u00ebr shembull, organizimin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb rrjedhave rezerv\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat aktivizohen vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rast probleme me rrjedh\u00ebn kryesore.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb IGMPv3 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin EHT (Explicit Host Tracking).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin e filtrimit t\u00eb paketave netfilter \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e zot\u00ebrimit t\u00eb tabelave t\u00eb caktuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb kontroll ekskluziv (p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb proces i prapambetur i firewall-it mund t\u00eb lidh\u00eb tabelat e caktuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar dik\u00eb tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyj\u00eb n\u00eb to).                               <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pajisje<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pastrimi i platformave ARM q\u00eb kan\u00eb dal\u00eb nga p\u00ebrdorimi dhe q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje. \u00cbsht\u00eb hequr kodi p\u00ebr platforma t\u00eb tilla si efm32, picoxcell, prima2, tango, u300, zx dhe c6x, si dhe p\u00ebr driverat e lidhur me to.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb driverin amdgpu \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e overclocking (OverDrive) p\u00ebr kartat e bazuara n\u00eb GPU Sienna Cichlid (Navi 22, Radeon RX 6xxx). \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr formatin e pikselit FP16 p\u00ebr DCE (display controller engine) nga gjenerata e 8 deri n\u00eb 11. P\u00ebr GPU Navy Flounder (Navi 21) dhe APU Van Gogh \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e rikthimit t\u00eb GPU-s\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb driverin i915 p\u00ebr kartat grafike Intel \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar parametri i915.mitigations p\u00ebr \u00e7aktivizimin e mekanizmave t\u00eb izolimit dhe mbrojtjes n\u00eb favor t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb performanc\u00ebs. P\u00ebr \u00e7ipat nga Tiger Lake e tutje \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr mekanizmin VRR (Variable Rate Refresh), q\u00eb lejon ndryshimin adaptiv t\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rifreskimit t\u00eb monitorit p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar fluiditet dhe t\u00eb mos ket\u00eb nd\u00ebrrime gjat\u00eb loj\u00ebrave. \u00cbsht\u00eb aktivizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb Intel Clear Color p\u00ebr rritjen e sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebr\u00e7imit t\u00eb ngjyrave. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr DP-HDMI 2.1. \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e menaxhimit t\u00eb ndri\u00e7imit t\u00eb paneleve eDP. P\u00ebr GPU Gen9 me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr LSPCON (Level Shifter and Protocol Converter) \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr HDR.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb driverin nouveau \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr GPU NVIDIA t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn GA100 (Ampere).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb driverin msm \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr GPU Adreno 508, 509 dhe 512, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb \u00e7ipat SDM (Snapdragon) 630, 636 dhe 660.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kartat zanore Sound BlasterX AE-5 Plus, Lexicon I-ONIX FW810s dhe Pioneer DJM-750. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr n\u00ebnshkrimin e sistemit zanor Intel Alder Lake PCH-P. \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr simulimin e softuerit p\u00ebr lidhjen dhe \u00e7lidhjen e lidh\u00ebsit t\u00eb audios p\u00ebr debugging t\u00eb trajtuesve n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohet mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr konsolat e loj\u00ebrave Nintendo 64, t\u00eb prodhuara nga viti 1996 deri n\u00eb vitin 2003 (p\u00ebrpjekjet e kaluara p\u00ebr t\u00eb portuar Linux p\u00ebr Nintendo 64 nuk u p\u00ebrfunduan dhe kishin statusin Vaporware). Si motiv p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb porti t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr nj\u00eb platform\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, e cila nuk prodhohet m\u00eb p\u00ebr pothuajse nj\u00ebzet vjet, p\u00ebrmendet d\u00ebshira p\u00ebr t\u00eb stimuluar zhvillimin e emulatoreve dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar kalimin e loj\u00ebrave.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohet nj\u00eb drejtues p\u00ebr kontrollorin e loj\u00ebrave Sony PlayStation 5 DualSense.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohet mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr platformat, pajisjet dhe platformat ARM: PineTab, Snapdragon 888 \/ SM8350, Snapdragon MTP, Two Beacon EmbeddedWorks, Intel eASIC N5X, Netgear R8000P, Plymovent M2M, Beacon i.MX8M Nano, NanoPi M4B.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohet mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr smartfon\u00ebt Purism Librem5 Evergreen, Xperia Z3+ \/ Z4 \/ Z5, ASUS Zenfone 2 Laser, BQ Aquaris X5, OnePlus6, OnePlus6T, Samsung GT-I9070.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohet drejtuesi bcm-vk p\u00ebr platformat e p\u00ebrshpejtuesve Broadcom VK (p.sh., kartat PCIe Valkyrie dhe Viper), t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr ndarjen n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb operacioneve p\u00ebrpunuese t\u00eb z\u00ebrit, videos dhe imazheve, si dhe veprimeve t\u00eb lidhura me enkriptimin.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohet mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr platform\u00ebn Lenovo IdeaPad me aft\u00ebsi p\u00ebr menaxhimin e mbushjes s\u00eb vazhdueshme dhe ndri\u00e7imit t\u00eb tastier\u00ebs. Po ashtu, sigurohet mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr profilin ACPI t\u00eb platform\u00ebs ThinkPad me mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr menaxhimin e m\u00ebnyrave t\u00eb konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb. Shtohet nj\u00eb drejtues p\u00ebr n\u00ebn sistemin HID t\u00eb Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Tablet Gen 2.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohet drejtuesi ov5647 me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modul kamerash p\u00ebr Raspberry Pi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohet mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr RISC-V SoC FU740 dhe plakat HiFive Unleashed. Po ashtu, shtohet nj\u00eb drejtues i ri p\u00ebr \u00e7ipin Kendryte K210.    <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54985\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.12. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432 Btrfs, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u043f\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0424\u0421, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445 ARM-\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c &#171;\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439&#187; \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 NFS, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c LOOKUP_CACHED \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 BPF, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 KFENCE \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - 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