{"id":100285,"date":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9"},"modified":"2021-05-26T10:22:54","modified_gmt":"2021-05-26T08:22:54","slug":"vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i filtrit t\u00eb paketave nftables 0.9.9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L\u00ebshimi i filtrit t\u00eb paketave nftables 0.9.9 \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb publik, duke unifikuar interface-t e filtrimit t\u00eb paketave p\u00ebr IPv4, IPv6, ARP dhe urat rrjetore (i orientuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar iptables, ip6table, arptables dhe ebtables). Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht \u00ebsht\u00eb l\u00ebshuar biblioteka e shoq\u00ebrueshme libnftnl 1.2.0, e cila ofron nj\u00eb API t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrveprimin me sistemin nf_tables. Ndryshimet e nevojshme p\u00ebr funksionimin e l\u00ebshimit nftables 0.9.9 jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux 5.13-rc1.          <\/p>\n<p>Paketat nftables p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb komponent\u00ebt e filtrit t\u00eb paketave q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrthamor, funksionin e realizon n\u00ebn-sistemi nf_tables, i pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux q\u00eb nga l\u00ebshimi 3.13. N\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrthamor ofrohet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe e p\u00ebrgjithshme, e pavarur nga protokolli konkret dhe q\u00eb ofron funksione bazike p\u00ebr nxjerrjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga paketat, realizimin e operacioneve me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna dhe menaxhimin e fluksit.    <\/p>\n<p>Rregullat e filtrimit dhe trajtuesit specifik p\u00ebr protokollet kompilohet n\u00eb kodin e bytes n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs ky kod bytes ngarkohet n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqes Netlink dhe ekzekutohet n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"makin\u00ebn virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4310\">makin\u00ebn virtuale<\/a>, i ngjan Berkley Packet Filters (BPF). Qashtu, kjo qasje lejon t\u00eb reduktohet ndjesh\u00ebm madh\u00ebsia e kodit t\u00eb filtrimit q\u00eb funksionon n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb nxirren t\u00eb gjitha funksionet e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb rregullave dhe logjik\u00ebs s\u00eb pun\u00ebs me protokollet n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit.    <\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb rejat kryesore:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e transferimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb flowtable n\u00eb an\u00ebn e adapterit rrjetor, e cila aktivizohet me ndihm\u00ebn e flamurit 'offload'. Flowtable \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm optimizimi i rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb ridrejtuar paketa, ku kalimi i plot\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha zinxhir\u00ebt e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb rregullave aplikohet vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr paket\u00ebn e par\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb gjitha paketat e tjera n\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb jan\u00eb kaluar drejtp\u00ebrdrejt.        table ip global {              flowtable f {                      hook ingress priority filter + 1                      devices = { lan3, lan0, wan }                      flags offload              }                chain forward {                      type filter hook forward priority filter; policy accept;                      ip protocol { tcp, udp } flow add @f              }                chain post {                      type nat hook postrouting priority filter; policy accept;                      oifname 'wan' masquerade              }      }\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr lidhjen e tabel\u00ebs me flamurin p\u00ebr lidhjen me pronarin, i cili lejon p\u00ebrdorimin ekskluziv t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs nga procesi. Kur procesi p\u00ebrfundon, tabela e lidhur me t\u00eb eliminohet automatikisht. Informacioni p\u00ebr procesin paraqitet n\u00eb dump t\u00eb rregullave n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb komenti:\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr specifikimin IEEE 802.1ad (stivimi VLAN ose QinQ), q\u00eb p\u00ebrcakton mjetet p\u00ebr vendosjen e disa etiketave VLAN n\u00eb nj\u00eb kad\u00ebr Ethernet. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar tipin e kadr\u00ebs Ethernet t\u00eb jashtme 8021ad dhe vlan id=342, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret konstrukti        ... ether type 802.1ad vlan id 342      p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar tipin e jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb kadr\u00ebs Ethernet 8021ad\/vlan id=1, t\u00eb ngulitur 802.1q\/vlan id=2 dhe ndarje t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb paket\u00ebs IP:         ... ether type 802.1ad vlan id 1 vlan type 8021q vlan id 2 vlan type ip counter\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr menaxhimin e burimeve me an\u00eb t\u00eb hierarkis\u00eb s\u00eb unifikuar cgroups v2. Dallimi ky\u00e7 i cgroups v2 nga v1 \u00ebsht\u00eb aplikimi i nj\u00eb hierarkie t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt cgroups p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha llojet e burimeve, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb hierarkive t\u00eb ndara p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e burimeve CPU, p\u00ebr rregullimin e konsumit t\u00eb memories dhe p\u00ebr hyrjen\/daljen.  P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar n\u00ebse prindi i socket-it n\u00eb nivelin e par\u00eb cgroupv2 i p\u00ebrket mask\u00ebs 'system.slice', mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret konstrukti:       ... socket cgroupv2 level 1 'system.slice'\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar komponent\u00ebt e paketave SCTP (funksionaliteti i nevojsh\u00ebm do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux 5.14). P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar pranin\u00eb e nj\u00eb chunk-u n\u00eb paket\u00eb me tipin 'data' dhe fush\u00ebn 'type':       ... sctp chunk data exists    ... sctp chunk data type 0\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar rreth dy her\u00eb ekzekutimi i operacionit t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb rregullave me flamurin '-f'. Po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar lista e rregullave.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb ofruar nj\u00eb form\u00eb kompakte p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar vendosjen e bit\u00ebve n\u00eb flamuj. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar n\u00ebse bit\u00ebt e gjendjes snat dhe dnat nuk jan\u00eb vendosur, mund t\u00eb tregohet:       ... ct status ! snat,dnat    p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar n\u00ebse bini syn \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb mask\u00ebn e bit\u00ebve syn,ack:       ... tcp flags syn \/ syn,ack    p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar n\u00ebse bit\u00ebt fin dhe rst nuk jan\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb mask\u00ebn e bit\u00ebve syn,ack,fin,rst:       ... tcp flags != fin,rst \/ syn,ack,fin,rst\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb lejuar p\u00ebrdorimi i fjal\u00ebs ky\u00e7e 'verdict' n\u00eb definicionet typeof p\u00ebr set\/map:        add map x m { typeof iifname . ip protocol . th dport : verdict;}    <\/ul>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55214\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.9, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4, IPv6, ARP \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 iptables, ip6table, arptables \u0438 ebtables). \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libnftnl 1.2.0, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 nf_tables. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 0.9.9 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.13-rc1. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100285","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430 nftables 0.9.9, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 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\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 nftables 0.9.9 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.13-rc1. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-paketnogo-filtra-nftables-0-9-9\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.0.1\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 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