{"id":100612,"date":"2021-06-28T10:23:04","date_gmt":"2021-06-28T08:23:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-13"},"modified":"2021-06-28T10:23:04","modified_gmt":"2021-06-28T08:23:04","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-13","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7lirim i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux 5.13","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas dy muaj zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds prezantoi l\u00ebshimin e kernit Linux 5.13. Disa nga ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb: sistemi i skedar\u00ebve EROFS, mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat Apple M1, kontrolluesin e cgroup &#171;misc&#187;, nd\u00ebrprerjen e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr \\\/dev\\\/kmem, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr GPU t\u00eb reja Intel dhe AMD, mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e thirrjeve t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta t\u00eb funksioneve t\u00eb kernit nga programet BPF, rast\u00ebsin\u00eb e stack-ut t\u00eb kernit p\u00ebr \u00e7do thirrje sistemike, mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtimit n\u00eb Clang me mbrojtje CFI (Control Flow Integrity), modulin LSM Landlock p\u00ebr kufizimin shtes\u00eb t\u00eb proceseve, nj\u00eb pajisje virtuale audio mbi baz\u00ebn e virtio, dhe modin multi-shot n\u00eb io_uring.       <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb versionin e ri jan\u00eb pranuar 17189 korrigjime nga 2150 zhvillues (m\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb histori), madh\u00ebsia e patch-it \u00ebsht\u00eb 60 MB (ndryshimet preken 12996 skedar\u00eb, jan\u00eb shtuar 794705 rreshta kodi, jan\u00eb fshir\u00eb 399590 rreshta). Rreth 47% e t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimeve t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb 5.13 lidhen me drajver\u00ebt e pajisjeve, rreth 14% e ndryshimeve kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me rinovimin e kodit specifik p\u00ebr arkitekturat harduerike, 13% lidhen me skedarin rrjet, 5% me sistemet e skedar\u00ebve dhe 4% me n\u00ebn-sistemet e brendshme t\u00eb kernit.    <\/p>\n<p>Novitetet kryesore:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i disqeve, hyrja\/ dalje dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr sistemin e skedar\u00ebve EROFS (Enhanced Read-Only File System), i propozuar nga kompania Huawei p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb ndarjet e aksesueshme n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim. FSH i ri mb\u00ebshtet ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb kompresuar dhe, n\u00eb krahasim me Ext4, tregon performanc\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme gjat\u00eb operacioneve t\u00eb leximit t\u00eb renditur, por p\u00ebr shum\u00eb her\u00eb e tejkalon Ext4 gjat\u00eb aksesit t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna. P\u00ebr shembull, me nj\u00eb nivel kompresimi 4 dhe testim n\u00eb <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/server\/dts-dronten\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2637\">server<\/a> me nj\u00eb hard disk, FSH EROFS e tejkaloi Ext4 n\u00eb operacionet e leximit t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjasht\u00eb her\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb smartphone Android me Flash, gati tre her\u00eb. Ashtu si n\u00eb FSH-t\u00eb tjera vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim, struktura EROFS \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsisht e thjeshtuar duke p\u00ebrjashtuar n\u00eb realizimin e disa fushave t\u00eb meta-datave, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb harta e bllok\u00ebve t\u00eb lir\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemin e skedar\u00ebve SMB3 \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar opsioni i montimit &#171;rasize&#187;, me t\u00eb cilin mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet madh\u00ebsia e dritares s\u00eb leht\u00ebsimit t\u00eb leximit (readahead) p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur performanc\u00ebn e disa llojeve t\u00eb ngarkesave.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb FSH ext4 \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar rishkrimi i elementeve t\u00eb katalog\u00ebve kur fshihen skedar\u00ebt. N\u00eb ext4 gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb lejuar p\u00ebrdorimi i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt i modit pa konsiderat\u00eb t\u00eb regjistrit t\u00eb simboleve dhe enkriptimit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve exFAT \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr komand\u00ebn ioctl FITRIM (discard), e cila informon mikrop\u00ebr\u00e7uesin p\u00ebr blloqet e pazbuluara n\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve XFS \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e t\u00ebrheqjes s\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs nga grupi i fundit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes n\u00eb sistem, nj\u00eb hap i par\u00eb n\u00eb implementimin e funksionit p\u00ebr reduktimin e madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pjes\u00ebve t\u00eb ekzistuese me sistemin e skedar\u00ebve XFS.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb thirrje e re sistemike quotactl_path, e cila ndryshon nga quotactl duke lejuar menaxhimin e kuotave p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rruge p\u00ebr pik\u00ebn e montimit t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve dhe jo p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb skedari t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin fanotify jan\u00eb zgjeruar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e aksesit p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit jo privilegjuar. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me inotify, tani pa t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn SYS_CAP_ADMIN mund t\u00eb ndiqen ngjarjet OPEN, ACCESS, MODIFY dhe CLOSE p\u00ebr skeda dhe dosje.                                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memorie dhe sh\u00ebrbime sistemike<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb kontrollues i ri cgroup &#8212; &#171;Misc&#187; (CONFIG_CGROUP_MISC), i destinuar p\u00ebr kufizimin dhe monitorimin e burimeve skalar\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb menaxhohen duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb num\u00ebrues t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb dhe kufizime duke caktuar vlerat maksimale t\u00eb pranueshme. Si nj\u00eb shembull t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij kontrolluesi t\u00eb ri cgroup p\u00ebrmendet menaxhimi i identificuesve t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs adresore, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb mekanizmin AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e hyrjeve\/kanaleve asinkrone io_uring \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar moda &#171;multi-shot&#187; p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkesat POLL, ku POLL nuk fshihet pas gjenerimit t\u00eb ngjarjes, por mbetet aktiv dhe mund t\u00eb gjeneroj\u00eb disa ngjarje.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb transferuar kodi nga dega realtime e kernelit, e cila siguron trajtimin e nd\u00ebrprerjeve t\u00eb gjeneruara programatikisht n\u00eb rrjedhat e kernelit, duke lejuar q\u00eb ato t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen nga proceset me p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb bibliotek\u00eb e brendshme netfs, e cila p\u00ebrmban funksione tipike t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb sistemet e skedar\u00ebve rrjet.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn PowerPC \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr hap\u00ebsirat e emrave p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn (time namespaces), t\u00eb cilat lejojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb vet n\u00eb kontejner.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn RISC-V \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kexec, crash dump, kprobe dhe ndihm\u00ebn e kernelit n\u00eb vend (execute-in-place, ekzekutimi nga media origjinale, pa kopjim n\u00eb RAM).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb programet e BPF p\u00ebr gjurmim \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave lokale p\u00ebr detyr\u00ebn (task-local storage), e cila siguron nj\u00eb performanc\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb duke lidhur t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat me nj\u00eb trajtues t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb BPF.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm i ri \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar p\u00ebr thirrjen direkte t\u00eb funksioneve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs nga programet BPF, i cili tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb realizimin e algoritmeve t\u00eb mbingarkes\u00ebs TCP. P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar sigurin\u00eb, funksionet e thirura duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb qart\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb bardh\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e gjurmimit t\u00eb funksioneve ftrace \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni func-no-repeats, q\u00eb lejon pasqyrimin e thirrjeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura sekondare t\u00eb funksionit n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb num\u00ebruesi.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb thirrjen sistemike userfaultfd(), e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar gabimet e faqeve (thirrjet p\u00ebr faqe t\u00eb pa alokuara t\u00eb memories) n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e menaxhimit t\u00eb gabimeve t\u00eb pjesshme, ku faqja e memories \u00ebsht\u00eb e pranishme, por nuk ka nj\u00eb regjistrim n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e faqeve t\u00eb memories.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr skedarin e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \/dev\/kmem \u00ebsht\u00eb ndalur, i cili mund\u00ebson qasje n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn adresuese t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. Ky skedar \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur i vjet\u00ebr dhe i d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr \u00e7ipat Intel \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb drivuer i ri p\u00ebr menaxhimin e ftohjes, q\u00eb lejon uljen e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb procesorit n\u00eb rast rreziku nga mbinxehja. N\u00eb dallim nga mekanizmi ekzistues i aktivizimit TCC (Thermal Control Circuit), drivieri i ri manipullon vlerat relative, pra mund t\u00eb ulet frekuenca n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e fillimit t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb dukshme t\u00eb temperatur\u00ebs, pa pritur kalimin e nj\u00eb vler\u00eb kritike.                <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizimi dhe siguria<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb moduli LSM p\u00ebr izolimin e aplikacioneve Landlock, q\u00eb lejon kufizimin e nd\u00ebrveprimit me ambientin e jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi procesesh dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar me referenc\u00eb n\u00eb mekanizmat e tilla t\u00eb izolimit si XNU Sandbox, FreeBSD Capsicum dhe OpenBSD Pledge\/Unveil. Logjika e ofrimit t\u00eb qasjes p\u00ebrcaktohet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb programi BPF, por ndryshe nga seccomp-bpf, Landlock nuk filtrojn\u00eb thirrjet sistemike dhe argumentet e tyre, por lejon kufizimin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb objekteve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, si hierarkit\u00eb e skedar\u00ebve. Me Landlock, \u00e7do proces, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ata pa privilegje, mund t\u00eb izoloj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt veten dhe t\u00eb shmang\u00eb p\u00ebrmbytjen e izolimit n\u00eb rast t\u00eb zbuluarjes s\u00eb dob\u00ebsive ose ndryshimeve t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme n\u00eb aplikacion. Landlock lejon procesit t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb mjedise t\u00eb izoluara t\u00eb mbrojtura, q\u00eb realizohen si nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb shtes\u00eb mbi mekanizmat ekzistues t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb qasjes.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohet mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb randomizuar zhvendosjet n\u00eb grumbullin e kernelit gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb thirrjeve sistemike me q\u00ebllim p\u00ebr t\u00eb komplikuar sulmet n\u00eb grumbull. Thelbi i mbrojtjes s\u00eb propozuar q\u00ebndron n\u00eb se\u00e7in nj\u00eb zhvendosje t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme n\u00eb grumbull p\u00ebr \u00e7do thirrje sistemike, e cila e b\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb identifikimin e vendndodhjes s\u00eb grumbullit n\u00eb memorie, madje edhe n\u00ebse jan\u00eb marr\u00eb informacione mbi adresat, pasi n\u00eb thirrjen e ardhshme sistemike adresa baz\u00eb e grumbullit do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar randomizimin, jan\u00eb propozuar parametri i komand\u00ebs s\u00eb linj\u00ebs s\u00eb kernelit \"randomize_kstack_offset=on\/off\" dhe konfigurimi CONFIG_RANDOMIZE_KSTACK_OFFSET_DEFAULT. Kostot e performanc\u00ebs vler\u00ebsohen t\u00eb jen\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht 1% humbje performanc\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00ebn\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs me aktivizimin e mekanizmit t\u00eb mbrojtjes CFI (Control Flow Integrity) n\u00eb kompajlerin Clang, i cili shton nj\u00eb kontroll p\u00ebrpara \u00e7do thirrjeje t\u00eb t\u00ebrthort\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar disa forma t\u00eb sjelljes s\u00eb pacaktuar, q\u00eb potencialisht mund t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb shkeljen e rendit normal t\u00eb ekzekutimit (control flow) si rezultat i aplikimit t\u00eb exploiteve q\u00eb modifikojn\u00eb treguesit e memorizuar n\u00eb funksione. P\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar CFI, \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar parametri CONFIG_CFI_CLANG.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin e ruajtjes s\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave t\u00eb enkriptimit t\u00eb ofruar nga kernel, mekanizmi i \u00e7el\u00ebsave t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm tani p\u00ebrfshin jo vet\u00ebm \u00e7el\u00ebsat nga modul\u00ebt TPM, por edhe nga ambientet TEE (Mjedisi i Ekzekutimit t\u00eb Besuesh\u00ebm). P\u00ebr menaxhimin e burimit t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar parametrin i ngarkes\u00ebs \"trusted.source\". P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb formatin ASN.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00ebn\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb paramet\u00ebr p\u00ebr ngarkimin proaktiv t\u00eb list\u00ebs s\u00eb \u00e7ertifikatave t\u00eb revokuara gjat\u00eb ngarkimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. \u00cbsht\u00eb zgjidhur problemi (CVE-2020-26541) me injorimin n\u00eb list\u00ebn e zez\u00eb t\u00eb certifikatave UEFI Secure Boot t\u00eb dor\u00ebzuara n\u00eb formatin EFI_CERT_X509_GUID, i cili lejonte ngarkimin e sistemit me nj\u00eb \u00e7ertifikat t\u00eb revokuar.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin e kriptografis\u00eb s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr verifikimin e n\u00ebnshkrimeve digjitale ECDSA bazuar n\u00eb kurvat eliptike.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr verifikimin e politikave SELinux n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet n\u00ebn-sistemit IMA (Integriteti i Arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb Matjes), i cili siguron mbajtjen e nj\u00eb baze hesh p\u00ebr verifikimin e integritetit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.                              <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi rrjetor<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb hequr mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb WiMAX, e cila nuk p\u00ebrdoret m\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetet publike, dhe n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, i vetmi driver q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret me WiMAX mbetet driveri i vjet\u00ebruara Intel 2400m. N\u00eb konfiguruesin e rrjetit NetworkManager, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr WiMAX u nd\u00ebrpre n\u00eb vitin 2015. Aktualisht, WiMax \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u2019vendosur pothuajse plot\u00ebsisht nga teknologjit\u00eb si LTE, HSPA+ dhe Wi-Fi 802.11n.\n<li class=\"l\"> U shtua nj\u00eb driver p\u00ebr adaptorin e rrjetit MANA (Microsoft Azure Network Adapter).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb driverin ath11k \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modulet wireless Qualcomm QCN9074 me mb\u00ebshtetje 802.11ax.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb driverin iwlwifi \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e skanimit pasiv t\u00eb kanaleve n\u00eb gam\u00ebn 6GHz. P\u00ebr Ukrain\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr aktivizimin\/\u00e7aktivizimin e IEEE 802.11ax n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb parametrave n\u00eb BIOS.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb optimizuar n\u00ebn-sistemi XDP (eXpress Data Path), i cili lejon manipulimin e paketave t\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb faz\u00ebn para p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb tyre nga rrjeti i kernelit Linux. Testet e kryera tregojn\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb XDP nga 4-8%. P\u00ebr pajisjet virtio, rritja e performanc\u00ebs n\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimin e softuerit AF_XDP mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb deri n\u00eb 33%.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb ICMP \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mesazhe t\u00eb zgjeruara PROBE, t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara n\u00eb RFC 8335.\n<li class=\"l\"> Integrimi n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn MPTCP (MultiPath TCP) \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduar, nj\u00eb zgjerim i protokollit TCP p\u00ebr organizimin e funksionimit t\u00eb lidhjes TCP me dor\u00ebzim paketash nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrmes disa rrug\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb ndryshme rrjetore, t\u00eb lidhura me ndryshme. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP adresat\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4455\">IP adresat<\/a>. N\u00eb versionin e ri \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sockopt p\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar opsionet tipike TCP. \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e rivendosjes s\u00eb n\u00ebnkanaleve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta (subflow).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb netfilter \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr menaxhimin e burimeve p\u00ebrmes hierarkis\u00eb s\u00eb unifikuar cgroups v2.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb ethtool \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe p\u00ebr leximin e statistikave IEEE MIB me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mlx5 dhe bnxt. Drejtor\u00ebt e rrjetit jan\u00eb lejuar t\u00eb nxjerrin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme nga SFP EEPROM, duke manipuluar jo me \u00e7iftin offset+size, por me faqe t\u00eb memories.        <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pajisje<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr \u00e7ipin ARM t\u00eb Apple M1, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb kontrolluesin e nd\u00ebrprerjeve, timerin, UART, SMP, funksionet p\u00ebr organizimin e hyrjes\/daljes dhe MMIO. Inxhinieria e prapme p\u00ebr GPU ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar, p\u00ebr organizimin e daljes, \u00ebsht\u00eb ofruar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr framebuffer dhe konsol\u00ebn p\u00ebrmes portit serial.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pas vazhdimit t\u00eb pastrimit t\u00eb kernelit nga driverat e vjetra, jan\u00eb hequr driverat \"gasket\" (Google ASIC), \"sysace\", \"umem\" dhe disa drivera t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr porte seriale.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pas 13 vjet\u00ebsh n\u00eb deg\u00ebn staging, \u00ebsht\u00eb stabilizuar dhe transferuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen kryesore driveri \"comedi\" p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb pajisjeve t\u00eb grumbullimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar p\u00ebrkthimi GUD (Generic USB Display) me zbatimin e nj\u00eb drejtuesi themelor p\u00ebr ekranet dhe adaptruesit TV q\u00eb lidhen p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqes USB. Ky drejtues ofron pron\u00ebsi DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) p\u00ebr rotacionin e imazhit, menaxhimin e ndri\u00e7imit, qasjen n\u00eb EDID, konfigurimin e m\u00ebnyrave video dhe lidhjen e TV-ve, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren si baz\u00eb p\u00ebr krijimin e drejtuesve p\u00ebr pajisje specifike.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohet driveri audio \"virtio\" me realizimin e nj\u00eb pajisjeje virtuale audioje, e cila mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb sisteme mysafir p\u00ebr daljen dhe regjistrimin e z\u00ebrit pa pasur nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr shtyrjen e qasjes n\u00eb kartel\u00ebn audio dhe pa emulimin.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin amdgpu \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr GPU Aldebaran (gfx90a). \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb e sinkronizimit t\u00eb adaptiv FreeSync p\u00ebr HDMI (m\u00eb par\u00eb ishte e disponueshme p\u00ebr DisplayPort), e cila lejon rregullimin e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit t\u00eb informacionit n\u00eb ekran. \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje ASSR (Alternate Scrambler Seed Reset). \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar ioctl p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb lidhur me kodimin dhe dekodimin e videos. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar m\u00ebnyra CONFIG_DRM_AMD_SECURE_DISPLAY p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar ndryshimet n\u00eb ekranet q\u00eb shfaqin informacion kritik. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin e kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb ASPM.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin i915 p\u00ebr kartat grafike Intel \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat Intel Alderlake-S. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr eDP MSO (Embedded DisplayPort Multi-SST Operation).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kontrolluesin e loj\u00ebrave Luna (Amazon), si dhe p\u00ebr ekranet me prekje Hycon HY46XX, ILITEK Lego Series dhe MStar MSG2638.      <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Fondi p\u00ebr Softin e Lir\u00eb n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn Latine ka formuar nj\u00eb variant t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb kernelit 5.11 - Linux-libre 5.11-gnu, t\u00eb past\u00ebr nga element\u00ebt e firmware-it dhe driver\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb komponente ose pjes\u00eb kodesh jo t\u00eb lira, p\u00ebrdorimi i t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar nga prodhuesi. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb version t\u00eb ri \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar pastrimi i driverit comedi. \u00cbsht\u00eb ndaluar pastrimi i driver\u00ebve cyclades, isicom tty dhe i2400m wimax, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb hequr nga kernel. Kodi i pastrimit t\u00eb blob\u00ebve n\u00eb drivera dhe n\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemat amdgpu, i915 csr, r8152 usb, mhi bus, x86 touchscreen dhe qualcomm arm64 \u00ebsht\u00eb azhuruar.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=55397\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.13. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 EROFS, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 Apple M1, cgroup-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 &#171;misc&#187;, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \/dev\/kmem, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 GPU Intel \u0438 AMD, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0437 BPF-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432 Clang \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 CFI [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-100612","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 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