{"id":101213,"date":"2021-09-07T16:23:45","date_gmt":"2021-09-07T14:23:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/yadro-linux-5-14"},"modified":"2021-09-07T16:23:45","modified_gmt":"2021-09-07T14:23:45","slug":"yadro-linux-5-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/yadro-linux-5-14","title":{"rendered":"B\u00ebrthama Linux 5.14","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/images\/19872\/original.png\" itemprop=\"contentURL\">       <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"B\u00ebrthama Linux 5.14\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/6c08ca34b060a8523af78f555746ff24.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>            <\/a>                    <noindex>      <noindex><\/p>\n<p>Pas dy muajsh zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2021\/8\/29\/382\">paraqiti<\/a> nxitja e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/\">Linux 5.14<\/a>. Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme jan\u00eb: thirrjet e reja sistemore quotactl_fd() dhe memfd_secret(), heqja e drejtuesve ide dhe raw, nj\u00eb kontrollues i ri i p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr input\/output p\u00ebr cgroup, moda e planifikimit t\u00eb detyrave SCHED_CORE, infrastruktura p\u00ebr krijimin e ngarkuesve t\u00eb verifikuar BPF.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<p>Versioni e rekrutuar 15,883 korrigjime nga 2,002 zhvillues, p\u00ebrmasat e patch-it jan\u00eb 69 MB (ndryshimet prek\u00ebn 12,580 skedar\u00eb, u shtuan 861,501 rreshta kodi, dhe u fshin\u00eb 321,654 rreshta). Rreth 47% e t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimeve t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb 5.14 lidhen me drejtuesit e pajisjeve, rreth 14% e ndryshimeve kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e kodit specifik p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn harduerike, 13% lidhen me stakun e rrjetit, 3% me sistemet e skedar\u00ebve dhe 3% me n\u00ebn-sistemat e brendshme t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p>  <noindex><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/861695\/\">Main<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.14\">innovations<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>sistemi i diskut, input\/output dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve:\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebr cgroup <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/556910e39249\">\u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar<\/a> Nj\u00eb kontrollues i ri i prioritizimit t\u00eb hyrjes\/daljes - rq-qos, i cili mund t\u00eb menaxhoj\u00eb prioritetin e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr pajisjet diskore, t\u00eb gjeneruara nga pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebt e \u00e7do cgroup. Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kontrolluesin e ri t\u00eb prioritetit \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb planifikuesin e hyrjes\/daljes mq-deadline;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve ext4 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=fd7b23be9205\">\u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar<\/a> komanda e re ioctl EXT4_IOC_CHECKPOINT, e cila detyron shkarkimin n\u00eb disk t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha transaksioneve t\u00eb pritura nga skedari dhe tampon\u00ebt e lidhur me to, si dhe p\u00ebrshkrimin e zon\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nga skedari n\u00eb ruajtje. Ndryshimi \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur si pjes\u00eb e iniciativ\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar rrjedhjet e informacionit nga sistemet e skedar\u00ebve;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb Btrfs <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/cover.1624891843.git.dsterba@suse.com\/\">b\u00ebr\u00eb<\/a> optimizimet e performanc\u00ebs: p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrjashtimit t\u00eb regjistrimit t\u00eb tepruar t\u00eb atributeve t\u00eb zgjeruara gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb fsync, performanca e operacioneve intensive me atribute t\u00eb zgjeruara \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur deri n\u00eb 17%. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, gjat\u00eb kryerjes s\u00eb operacioneve t\u00eb shkurtimit, q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb ekstenti, \u00ebsht\u00eb deaktivizuar ekzekutimi i sinkronizimit t\u00eb plot\u00eb, duke reduktuar koh\u00ebn e ekzekutimit t\u00eb operacionit me 12%. N\u00eb sysfs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb paramet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar kapacitetin e input\/output gjat\u00eb verifikimit t\u00eb FS. Jan\u00eb shtuar thirrje ioctl p\u00ebr t\u00eb anuluar operacionet e ndryshimit t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe heqjes s\u00eb pajisjeve;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb XFS <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20210702201643.GA13765@locust\/\">ristrukturuar<\/a> implementimi i caches buffer q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb alokimin e faqeve t\u00eb memories n\u00eb modin paket\u00eb. Rritet efikasiteti i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb caches;<\/li>\n<li>N\u00eb F2FS \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb opsion p\u00ebr t\u00eb funksionuar n\u00eb modalitetin vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar nj\u00eb modalitet ruajtjeje t\u00eb bllokove t\u00eb kompresuar (compress_cache) p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar performanc\u00ebn e leximit t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm. \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kompresimin e skedareve t\u00eb reflektuara n\u00eb memorie p\u00ebrmes operacionit mmap(). P\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar selektivisht kompresimin e skedareve sipas nj\u00eb maske \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar nj\u00eb opsion i ri montimi nocompress;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb drejtuesin exFAT \u00ebsht\u00eb punuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e kompatibilitetit me depot e disa kamerave digjitale;<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar thirrja sistemike <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/859679\/\">quotactl_fd()<\/a>, e cila lejon menaxhimin e kuotave jo p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb fajlli t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb pajisjeje, por p\u00ebrmes caktimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb deshifruese fajlli t\u00eb lidhur me sistemin e skedar\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin zbatohet kuota;<\/li>\n<li>nga b\u00ebrthama jan\u00eb hequr drejtuesit e vjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr pajisjet bllokuese me interface IDE, t\u00eb cilat prej koh\u00ebsh jan\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nga n\u00ebnsistemi libata. Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr pajisjet e vjetra \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb p\u00ebrmas\u00ebn e plot\u00eb, ndryshimet prekin vet\u00ebm mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb drejtuesve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb kur p\u00ebrdoren, disqet em\u00ebrohen \/dev\/hd*, jo \/dev\/sd*;<\/li>\n<li>Drejtoresha \"raw\" \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr nga b\u00ebrthama, duke siguruar qasje t\u00eb pam veshur n\u00eb pajisjet diskore p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqes \/dev\/raw. Funksionaliteti i specifikuar \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar prej koh\u00ebsh n\u00eb aplikacione n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet flamurit O_DIRECT;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>memoria dhe sh\u00ebrbimet sistemore:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb planifikuesin e detyrave \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar nj\u00eb modalitet i ri planifikimi <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/861251\/\">SCHED_CORE<\/a>, i cili lejon menaxhimin e proceseve q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ekzekutohen s\u00eb bashku n\u00eb nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb CPU. \u00c7do procesi mund t'i caktohet nj\u00eb identifikues cookie, i cili p\u00ebrcakton fush\u00ebn e besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet proceseve (p.sh., p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsia te nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues ose kontejner nj\u00ebjt\u00eb). Kur organizohet ekzekutimi i kodit, planifikuesi mund t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb ndarjen e nj\u00eb b\u00ebrthame CPU vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr proceset e lidhura me nj\u00eb pronar t\u00eb vet\u00ebm, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar disa sulme t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Spectre duke parandaluar ekzekutimin n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb SMT (Hyper Threading) t\u00eb detyrave besuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb pasigurt;<\/li>\n<li>P\u00ebr mekanizmin cgroup \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr operacionin kill, i cili lejon p\u00ebrfundimin e nj\u00ebkohsh\u00ebm t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb proceseve t\u00eb lidhura me grupin (d\u00ebrguar SIGKILL), p\u00ebrmes shkruarjes \"1\" n\u00eb skedarin virtual cgroup.kill;<\/li>\n<li>Jan\u00eb zgjeruar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e lidhura me reagimin ndaj identifikimit t\u00eb bllokimeve t\u00eb ndara (\"split lock\"), q\u00eb ndodhin gjat\u00eb qasjes n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatshme n\u00eb kujtes\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak se gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb Instruksioni atomik t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat kalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes dy linjave t\u00eb caches t\u00eb CPU. K\u00ebto bllokime \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb dukshme t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs, prandaj m\u00eb par\u00eb ishte ofruar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb detyruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb aplikacionit q\u00eb shkaktonte bllokimin. N\u00eb l\u00ebshimin e ri \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb parametr i linj\u00ebs s\u00eb komand\u00ebs s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \"split_lock_detect=ratelimit:N\", i cili lejon p\u00ebrcaktimin e kufirit t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb operacioneve t\u00eb bllokimit p\u00ebr sekond\u00eb, pas kalimit t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit \u00e7do proces, q\u00eb b\u00ebhet burim i nj\u00eb bllokimi t\u00eb ndar\u00eb, do t\u00eb ndalet me forc\u00eb p\u00ebr 20 ms;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb kontrollorin e cgroup-it p\u00ebr kapacitetin CFS (CFS bandwidth controller), i cili p\u00ebrcakton sa shum\u00eb koh\u00eb procesori mund t\u2019i kushtohet secilit cgroup, \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar kufij t\u00eb kufizuar nga nj\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatje e caktuar, \u00e7ka lejon rregullimin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb ngarkesave t\u00eb ndjeshme ndaj vonesave. P\u00ebr shembull, vendosja e vler\u00ebs cpu.cfs_quota_us n\u00eb 50000 dhe cpu.cfs_period_us n\u00eb 100000 do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb nj\u00eb grup procesesh t\u00eb shpenzojn\u00eb 50ms t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb CPU-s\u00eb \u00e7do 100ms;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/853489\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a> infrastruktura fillestare p\u00ebr krijimin e ngarkuesve t\u00eb programeve BPF, e cila n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb ngarkimin vet\u00ebm t\u00eb programeve BPF q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar me nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs dixhital t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm;<\/li>\n<li>u shtua nj\u00eb operacion i ri futex FUTEX_LOCK_PI2, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb ajros\u00ebs monotone p\u00ebr llogaritjen e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb skadimit, e cila merr parasysh koh\u00ebn e kaluar nga sistemi n\u00eb modalit\u00e0 gjumi;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn RISC-V u realizua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr faqe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha memorie (Transparent Huge-Pages) dhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb mekanizmit <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54671\">KFENCE<\/a> p\u00ebr identifikimin e gabimeve n\u00eb pun\u00ebn me memorin\u00eb;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb thirrjen sistemike madvise(), q\u00eb ofron mjete p\u00ebr optimizimin e menaxhimit t\u00eb memories s\u00eb procesit, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-api\/6c7543e4-23c8-8f2d-dc89-480be13738b3@redhat.com\/T\/\">jan\u00eb shtuar<\/a> flot MADV_POPULATE_READ dhe MADV_POPULATE_WRITE p\u00ebr gjenerimin e &laquo;fault-page&raquo; n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha faqet e memories, t\u00eb pasqyruara p\u00ebr operacione t\u00eb leximit ose shkrimit, pa kryer veprime faktike leximi ose shkrimi (prefault). P\u00ebrdorimi i flamujve mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar vonesat gjat\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb programit, fal\u00eb ekzekutimit parashikues t\u00eb trajtuesit t\u00eb &laquo;fault-page&raquo; nj\u00ebherazi p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha faqet e pa alokuara, pa pritur k\u00ebrkesat faktike p\u00ebr to;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb sistemin e testimit unit <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/dev-tools\/kunit\/index.html\">kunit<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=12ca7a893d54\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr funksionimin e testeve n\u00eb ambientin QEMU;<\/li>\n<li>jan\u00eb shtuar gjurmues t\u00eb rinj: &laquo;<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/bce29ac9ce0b\">osnoise<\/a>&raquo; p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur vonesat n\u00eb aplikacione, t\u00eb shkaktuara nga p\u00ebrpunimi i nd\u00ebrhyrjeve, dhe &laquo;timerlat&raquo; p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar informacion t\u00eb detajuar mbi vonesat gjat\u00eb zgjuarjes nga sinjali i timerit;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>virtualizimi dhe siguria:\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=1507f51255c9\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a> thirrje sistemike <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/835342\/\">memfd_secret()<\/a>, e cila lejon krijimin e nj\u00eb zon\u00eb private kujtese n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb adresash t\u00eb izoluar, e dukshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr procesin pronar, jo e reflektuar n\u00eb procese t\u00eb tjera dhe e paq\u00ebndrueshme direkt p\u00ebr b\u00ebrthamorin;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb sistemin e filtrimit t\u00eb thirrjeve sistemike seccomp, gjat\u00eb shk\u00ebputjes s\u00eb trajtuesve t\u00eb bllokimit n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit \u00ebsht\u00eb ofruar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb operacioni atomik p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb deshifruese skedari p\u00ebr detyr\u00ebn e izoluar dhe p\u00ebr ta kthyer at\u00eb gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb thirrjes sistemike. Operacioni i propozuar zgjidh <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/851813\/\">problemit<\/a> me nd\u00ebrprerjen e trajtuesit n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit gjat\u00eb mb\u00ebrritjes s\u00eb sinjalit;<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.kernel.org\/project\/kernel-hardening\/cover\/cover.1616533074.git.gladkov.alexey@gmail.com\/\">mekanizmi i ri<\/a> p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar kufizimin e burimeve n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e identifikuesve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve, e cila lidh num\u00ebrues t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb rlimit me p\u00ebrdoruesin n\u00eb &laquo;user namespace&raquo;. Ndryshimi zgjidh problemin me zbatimin e num\u00ebruesve t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb burimeve gjat\u00eb fillimit t\u00eb proceseve nga nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues n\u00eb konteiner\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb hypervisor KVM p\u00ebr sistemet ARM64 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit n\u00eb sistemet MI t\u00eb zgjerimit MTE (MemTag, Memory Tagging Extension), q\u00eb lejon lidhjen e etiketave me \u00e7do operacion t\u00eb ndarjes s\u00eb kujtes\u00ebs dhe organizimin e kontrollit t\u00eb sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb treguesve p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar shfryt\u00ebzimin e dob\u00ebsive t\u00eb shkaktuara nga qasja n\u00eb blloqe kujtese q\u00eb jan\u00eb \u00e7liruar tashm\u00eb, mbushjeve t\u00eb buffer-it, qasjes para inicializimit dhe p\u00ebrdorimit jasht\u00eb kontekstit t\u00eb tanish\u00ebm;<\/li>\n<li>mjetet e ofruara nga platforma ARM64 p\u00ebr autentifikimin e treguesve tani mund t\u00eb konfigurohen ve\u00e7mas p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn dhe hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit. Teknologjia lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e instrukcioneve t\u00eb specializuara ARM64 p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar adresat e kthimit duke p\u00ebrdorur n\u00ebnshkrime digjitale, q\u00eb ruhen n\u00eb bit\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb pa p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb vet\u00eb treguesit;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb User-mode Linux <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.ozlabs.org\/project\/linux-um\/patch\/20210305123552.a89b33363589.I21b27d26611ebecd8c918e20728e37b184d817bb@changeid\/\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e drejtuesve p\u00ebr pajisjet PCI me nj\u00eb autobis\u00eb virtual PCI, i realizuar nga drejtuesi PCI-over-virtio;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr sistemet x86 u shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr pajisjen paravirtualizuese virtio-iommu, e cila lejon d\u00ebrgimin e k\u00ebrkesave IOMMU, t\u00eb tilla si ATTACH, DETACH, MAP dhe UNMAP, mbi transportin virtio pa imituar tabelat e faqeve t\u00eb memories;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr CPU-t\u00eb Intel, duke filluar nga familja Skylake deri te Coffee Lake, p\u00ebr default \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar p\u00ebrdorimi i zgjerimeve Intel TSX (Transactional Synchronization Extensions), q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb mjete p\u00ebr rritjen e performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb aplikacioneve me shum\u00eb threads duke p\u00ebrjashtuar dinamikisht operacionet e panevojshme t\u00eb sinkronizimit. Zgjerimet jan\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mund\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb sulmeve <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51852\">Zombieload<\/a>, q\u00eb manipulojn\u00eb rrjedhjen e informacionit p\u00ebrmes kanaleve t\u00eb jashtme, q\u00eb ndodhin gjat\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb mekanizmit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjes asinkrone t\u00eb operacioneve (TAA, TSX Asynchronous Abort);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>n\u00ebnshkrimi i rrjetit:\n<ul>\n<li>u vazhdua integrimi n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), nj\u00eb zgjerim i protokollit TCP p\u00ebr organizimin e funksionimit t\u00eb lidhjes TCP me d\u00ebrgesa paketash nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrmes disa rrug\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb ndryshme rrjetore, t\u00eb lidhura me adresa t\u00eb ndryshme IP. N\u00eb versionin e ri <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=22ba9d0d6c0d\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a> mjeku p\u00ebr caktimin e politikave t\u00eb veta t\u00eb heshimit t\u00eb trafikut p\u00ebr IPv4 dhe IPv6 (multipath hash policy), q\u00eb lejon nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit t\u00eb caktosh cilat nga fushat n\u00eb paketat, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato t\u00eb inkapsuluara, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr llogaritjen e hash-it, q\u00eb p\u00ebrcakton zgjedhjen e rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebr paket\u00ebn;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb transportin virtual virtio u shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr soket\u00eb <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/socket.2.html\">SOCK_SEQPACKET<\/a> (d\u00ebrges\u00eb e p\u00ebrporosur dhe t\u00eb sigurt e datagram\u00ebve);<\/li>\n<li>u zgjeruan mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e mekanizmit t\u00eb soketeve SO_REUSEPORT, i cili lejon q\u00eb disa sokete d\u00ebgjimi t\u00eb lidhen menj\u00ebher\u00eb me nj\u00eb port p\u00ebr pranim lidhjesh, me shp\u00ebrndarjen e k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb ardhura nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha soketet e lidhura p\u00ebrmes SO_REUSEPORT, duke thjeshtuar krijimin e aplikacioneve servere me shum\u00eb threads. N\u00eb versionin e ri <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/853637\/\">jan\u00eb shtuar<\/a> mjetet p\u00ebr transferimin e kontrollit te nj\u00eb soket tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb rast d\u00ebshtimi gjat\u00eb trajtimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs nga soketi fillestar i zgjedhur (zgjidh problemin e humbjes s\u00eb lidhjeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta gjat\u00eb rinisjes s\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>pajisje:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb drejtorin amdgpu <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=e058a84bfddc42ba356a2316f2cf1141974625c9\">\u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar<\/a> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr serit\u00eb e reja t\u00eb GPU-ve AMD Radeon RX 6000, t\u00eb zhvilluara n\u00ebn emrat kodor &laquo;Beige Goby&raquo; (Navi 24) dhe &laquo;Yellow Carp&raquo;, si dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr GPU Aldebaran (gfx90a) dhe APU Van Gogh. Shtuar mund\u00ebsia e funksionimit t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohsh\u00ebm me disa ekrane eDP. P\u00ebr APU Renoir \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me buffer t\u00eb koduar n\u00eb memorien video (TMZ, Trusted Memory Zone). Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr heqjen e nxeht\u00eb t\u00eb kartave grafike (hot-unplug). P\u00ebr GPU Radeon RX 6000 (Navi 2x) dhe GPU m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra AMD \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar si standart mekanizmi i kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb ASPM (Aktive State Power Management), i cili m\u00eb par\u00eb ishte aktivizuar vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr GPU Navi 1x, Vega dhe Polaris;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat AMD \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr memorjen virtuale t\u00eb ndar\u00eb (SVM, shared virtual memory) mbi baz\u00ebn e n\u00ebn-sistem\u00ebs HMM (Heterogeneous memory management), e cila lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e pajisjeve me blloqe t\u00eb veta menaxhimi t\u00eb memorjes (MMU, memory management unit), t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb qasen n\u00eb memorjen kryesore. Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebrmes HMM mund t\u00eb organizohet nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr adresim t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt midis GPU dhe CPU, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn GPU mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qasje n\u00eb memorjen kryesore t\u00eb procesit;<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amd.com\/en\/technologies\/smartshift\">AMD Smart Shift<\/a>, e cila ndryshon dinamik parametrat e konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb CPU dhe GPU n\u00eb laptop\u00ebt me \u00e7ipset dhe kart\u00ebn grafike AMD p\u00ebr forcimin e performances n\u00eb loj\u00ebra, redaktimin e videove dhe 3D-Render;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb drejtuesin i915 p\u00ebr kartat grafike Intel <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.freedesktop.org\/archives\/intel-gfx\/2021-May\/266616.html\">\u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb<\/a> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat Intel Alderlake P;<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar drejtuesi drm\/hyperv p\u00ebr adaptorin grafik virtual Hyper-V;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.kernel.org\/project\/dri-devel\/cover\/20210416090048.11492-1-tzimmermann@suse.de\/\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a> drejtuesi grafik simpledrm, i cili p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr prodhimin e fotove framebuffer EFI-GOP ose VESA, e ofruar nga firmware UEFI ose BIOS. Q\u00ebllimi themelor i drejtuesit \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e prodhimit grafik n\u00eb fazat fillestare t\u00eb ngarkimit, para se t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e mundur p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb drejtuesi DRM t\u00eb plot\u00eb. Drejtuesi gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret si nj\u00eb zgjidhje p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsore p\u00ebr pajisjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat ende s'ka drejtuesa DRM t\u00eb dedikuar;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/soc\/soc.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&amp;id=1c701accecf21932ebcbd8acacb4557af3797e77\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kompjuterin e gjith\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54015\">Raspberry Pi 400<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar drejtuesi dell-wmi-privacy p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb ndez\u00ebsve t\u00eb kamer\u00ebs dhe mikrofonit t\u00eb ofruar n\u00eb laptop\u00ebt Dell;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr laptop\u00ebt Lenovo <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/pdx86\/platform-drivers-x86.git\/commit\/?h=review-hans&amp;id=a40cd7ef22fbb11229cf982920f4ec96c1f49282\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a> interfesi WMI p\u00ebr ndryshimin e parametrave t\u00eb BIOS p\u00ebrmes sysfs \/sys\/class\/firmware-attributes\/;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/YOM9yTZZsEicMW3f@kroah.com\/\">\u00ebsht\u00eb zgjeruar<\/a> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr pajisjet me interfes\u00eb USB4;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/s5hbl7li0fe.wl-tiwai@suse.de\/\">\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar<\/a> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kartat e z\u00ebrit dhe kodek\u00ebt AmLogic SM1 TOACODEC, Intel AlderLake-M, NXP i.MX8, NXP TFA1, TDF9897, Rockchip RK817, Qualcomm Quinary MI2 dhe Texas Instruments TAS2505. P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr z\u00ebrin n\u00eb laptop\u00ebt HP dhe ASUS. <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/tiwai\/sound.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&amp;id=9ce650a75a3b262c90789b42aedee8fc2ee04d53\">shtuar<\/a> patches p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar vonesat p\u00ebrpara nisjes s\u00eb reagimit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit n\u00eb pajisjet me nd\u00ebrfaqe USB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Burimi &ndash; opennet.ru.<\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/linux-general\/16502291\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.14. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b quotactl_fd() \u0438 memfd_secret(), \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 ide \u0438 raw, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f cgroup, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 SCHED_CORE, \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 BPF-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 15883 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2002 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 69 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":101214,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri Gagarin\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/yadro-linux-5-14\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sq_AL\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 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