{"id":101213,"date":"2021-09-07T16:23:45","date_gmt":"2021-09-07T14:23:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/yadro-linux-5-14"},"modified":"2021-09-07T16:23:45","modified_gmt":"2021-09-07T14:23:45","slug":"yadro-linux-5-14","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/yadro-linux-5-14","title":{"rendered":"Nukli Linux 5.14","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/images\/19872\/original.png\" itemprop=\"contentURL\">       <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Nukli Linux 5.14\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/6c08ca34b060a8523af78f555746ff24.jpg\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/>            <\/a>                    <noindex>      <noindex><\/p>\n<p>Pas dy muajsh zhvillimi Linus Torvalds <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lkml.org\/lkml\/2021\/8\/29\/382\">prezentoi<\/a> l\u00ebshimi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/\">Linux 5.14<\/a>. Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme jan\u00eb: thirrjet e reja t\u00eb sistemit quotactl_fd() dhe memfd_secret(), heqja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ide dhe raw, nj\u00eb kontrollor i ri i p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb hyrjes\/daljes p\u00ebr cgroup, moda e planifikimit t\u00eb detyrave SCHED_CORE, infrastruktura p\u00ebr krijimin e nd\u00ebshkuesve t\u00eb verifikuar t\u00eb nj\u00eb BPF programi.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 15883 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2002 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 69 \u041c\u0411 (\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 12580 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 861501 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 321654 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a). \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 47% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 5.14 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 14% \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440, 13% \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, 3% &#8212; \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 3% c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>  <noindex><\/p>\n<p><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/861695\/\">Ndryshimet kryesore<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/kernelnewbies.org\/Linux_5.14\">risit\u00eb<\/a>:<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex> <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00ebn-sistemi i diskut, hyrja\/dalja dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve:\n<ul>\n<li>p\u00ebr cgroup <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/556910e39249\">i realizuar<\/a> \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 &#8212; rq-qos, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 cgroup. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 mq-deadline;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve ext4 <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=fd7b23be9205\">\u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar<\/a> nj\u00eb komand\u00eb e re ioctl EXT4_IOC_CHECKPOINT, e cila forcon ruajtjen n\u00eb disk t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha transaksioneve t\u00eb pritura nga regjistri dhe tampon\u00ebt e tyre, si dhe ri-shkruan zon\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdorur nga regjistri n\u00eb magazin\u00eb. Ky ndryshim \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb iniciativ\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar rrjedhjet e informacionit nga sistemet e skedar\u00ebve;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb Btrfs <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/cover.1624891843.git.dsterba@suse.com\/\">jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb<\/a> optimizations e performanc\u00ebs: p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrjashtimit t\u00eb regjistrimit t\u00eb panevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb atributeve t\u00eb zgjeruara gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb fsync, performanca e operacioneve intensive me atribute t\u00eb zgjeruara u rrit deri n\u00eb 17%. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb operacioneve t\u00eb shkurtimeve, t\u00eb cilat nuk prekin ekstentet, \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar ekzekutimi i sinkronizimit t\u00eb plot\u00eb, e cila zvog\u00ebloi koh\u00ebn e ekzekutimit t\u00eb operacionit me 12%. N\u00eb sysfs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb cil\u00ebsim p\u00ebr kufizimin e kapacitetit t\u00eb hyrjes\/daljes gjat\u00eb kontrollimit t\u00eb FS-s\u00eb. Shtuar thirrjet ioctl p\u00ebr anulimin e operacioneve t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe largimit t\u00eb pajisjeve;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb XFS <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/20210702201643.GA13765@locust\/\">p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar<\/a> implementimi i caches buffers, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb alokimin e faqeve t\u00eb memories n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb paketore. Rritja e efikasitetit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb caches;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb F2FS \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb opsion p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar n\u00eb modin e vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar nj\u00eb mod i caching p\u00ebr blloqet e kompresuara (compress_cache) p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar performanc\u00ebn e leximit t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm. E ka zbatuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kompresimin e skedar\u00ebve, t\u00eb reflektuar n\u00eb memorie p\u00ebrmes operacionit mmap(). P\u00ebr \u00e7aktivizimin selektiv t\u00eb kompresimit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve sipas mask\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar nj\u00eb opsion i ri i montimit nocompress;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb drejtuesin exFAT \u00ebsht\u00eb punuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebris\u00eb me magazinat e disa kamerave digjitale;<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb thirrje sistemike <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/859679\/\">quotactl_fd()<\/a>, e cila lejon menaxhimin e kuotave jo p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb skedari t\u00eb pajisjes s\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, por p\u00ebrmes tregimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb deshifruesi t\u00eb skedarit, t\u00eb lidhur me sistemin e skedar\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin zbatohet kuota;<\/li>\n<li>nga b\u00ebrthama jan\u00eb hequr drejtuesit e vjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr pajisjet bllokuese me nd\u00ebrfaqen IDE, t\u00eb cilat q\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb jan\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar nga n\u00ebn-sistemi libata. Mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr pajisjet e vjetra \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb, ndryshimet prekin vet\u00ebm mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb drejtor\u00ebve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr, gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb cil\u00ebve depozitat quheshin \/dev\/hd*, dhe jo \/dev\/sd*;<\/li>\n<li>\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0451\u043d \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 &laquo;raw&raquo;, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \/dev\/raw. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 O_DIRECT;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>memoria dhe sh\u00ebrbimet sistemike:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb planifikuesin e detyrave \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar nj\u00eb mod i ri i planifikimit <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/861251\/\">SCHED_CORE<\/a>, i cili lejon menaxhimin e proceseve q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ekzekutohen s\u00eb bashku n\u00eb nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb CPU. \u00c7do procesi i mund t'i jepet nj\u00eb identifikues cookie, i cili p\u00ebrcakton fush\u00ebn e besimit midis proceseve (p.sh. p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsia ndaj nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi ose kontenieri). N\u00eb organizimin e ekzekutimit t\u00eb kodit, planifikuesi mund t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb ndarjen e nj\u00eb b\u00ebrthame CPU vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr proceset e lidhura me nj\u00eb pronar, q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar disa sulme t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Spectre duke parandaluar ekzekutimin n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb SMT (Hyper Threading) t\u00eb detyrave besnike dhe t\u00eb besueshme;<\/li>\n<li>\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 cgroup \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 kill, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b (\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c SIGKILL), \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c &laquo;1&raquo; \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b cgroup.kill;<\/li>\n<li>\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0449\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a (&laquo;split lock&raquo;), \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0430 CPU. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u044f\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 &laquo;split_lock_detect=ratelimit:N&raquo;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0449\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 20 \u043c\u0441;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb kontrollorin e grupit t\u00eb burimeve CFS (CFS bandwidth controller), i cili p\u00ebrcakton sa shum\u00eb koh\u00eb procesori mund t\u00eb jepet \u00e7do cgroup, \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar kufizime t\u00eb kufizuara me koh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar, q\u00eb lejon rregullimin m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb ngarkesave q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme ndaj vonesave. P\u00ebr shembull, vendosja e vler\u00ebs cpu.cfs_quota_us n\u00eb 50000 dhe cpu.cfs_period_us n\u00eb 100000 do t'i jap\u00eb grupit t\u00eb proceseve mund\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7do 100ms t\u00eb shpenzoj\u00eb 50ms koh\u00eb t\u00eb CPU-s\u00eb.<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/853489\">shtuar<\/a> infrastruktura fillestare p\u00ebr krijimin e ngarkuesve t\u00eb programeve BPF, e cila m\u00eb pas do t\u00eb mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb ngarkimin vet\u00ebm t\u00eb programeve BPF t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruara me nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs digjital t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm.<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar operacioni i ri futex FUTEX_LOCK_PI2, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb timer monoton p\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur timeout-in, q\u00eb merr parasysh koh\u00ebn e kaluar nga sistemi n\u00eb gjendje pritjeje.<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn RISC-V \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr faqe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb memories (Transparent Huge-Pages) dhe mund\u00ebsia e aplikimit t\u00eb mekanizmit <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54671\">KFENCE<\/a> p\u00ebr identifikimin e gabimeve gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs me memorie.<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb thirrjen sistemore madvise(), q\u00eb ofron mjete p\u00ebr optimizimin e menaxhimit t\u00eb memories s\u00eb procesit, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/linux-api\/6c7543e4-23c8-8f2d-dc89-480be13738b3@redhat.com\/T\/\">shtuar<\/a> \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 MADV_POPULATE_READ \u0438 MADV_POPULATE_WRITE \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 &laquo;page fault&raquo; \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 (prefault). \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 &laquo;page fault&raquo; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446, \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb sistemin e testimit t\u00eb nj\u00ebsive <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/latest\/dev-tools\/kunit\/index.html\">kunit<\/a> <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=12ca7a893d54\">shtuar<\/a> \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur ekzekutimi i testeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis QEMU.<\/li>\n<li>\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0438: &laquo;<a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/linus\/bce29ac9ce0b\">osnoise<\/a>&raquo; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438 &laquo;timerlat&raquo; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>virtualizimi dhe siguria:\n<ul>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=1507f51255c9\">u shtua<\/a> thirrje sistemike <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/835342\/\">memfd_secret()<\/a>, duke lejuar krijimin e nj\u00eb zone private t\u00eb memories n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb izoluar adresash, t\u00eb dukshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr procesin-pronar, q\u00eb nuk reflektohet n\u00eb procese t\u00eb tjera dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e pasaksishme p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn.<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb sistemin e filtrimit t\u00eb thirrjeve sistemore seccomp, gjat\u00eb nxjerrjes s\u00eb trajtuesve t\u00eb bllokimit n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, \u00ebsht\u00eb ofruar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb operacioni atomik p\u00ebr krijimin e nj\u00eb deshifruesi skedar\u00ebsh p\u00ebr detyrat e izoluar dhe p\u00ebr ta kthyer at\u00eb gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb thirrjes sistemore. Operacioni i propozuar zgjidh <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/851813\/\">problemin<\/a> me nd\u00ebrprerjen e trajtuesit n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit gjat\u00eb ardhjes s\u00eb sinjalit;<\/li>\n<li>u shtua <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.kernel.org\/project\/kernel-hardening\/cover\/cover.1616533074.git.gladkov.alexey@gmail.com\/\">nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm t\u00eb ri<\/a> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 rlimit \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0432 &laquo;user namespace&raquo;. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb hipervizorin KVM p\u00ebr sistemet ARM64 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit n\u00eb sisteme mikprit\u00ebs zgjerimi MTE (MemTag, Memory Tagging Extension), q\u00eb lejon pajisjen e etiketave me \u00e7do operacion t\u00eb alokimit t\u00eb memories dhe t\u00eb organizoj\u00eb verifikimin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb treguesve p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar shfryt\u00ebzimin e dob\u00ebsive, t\u00eb shkaktuara nga referimet n\u00eb blloqe memories t\u00eb lira, tejkalimi i tampon\u00ebve, referimi para inizializimit dhe p\u00ebrdorimi jasht\u00eb kontekstit aktual;<\/li>\n<li>mjetet e ofruara nga platforma ARM64 p\u00ebr autentifikimin e treguesve (Pointer Authentication) tani mund t\u00eb konfigurohen ve\u00e7mas p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn dhe hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit. Teknologjia lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e instrukcioneve t\u00eb specializuara ARM64 p\u00ebr verifikimin e adresave t\u00eb kthimit p\u00ebrmes n\u00ebnshkrimeve digjitale, t\u00eb cilat ruhen n\u00eb bitat e pap\u00ebrdorura m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb vet\u00eb treguesit.<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb User-mode Linux <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.ozlabs.org\/project\/linux-um\/patch\/20210305123552.a89b33363589.I21b27d26611ebecd8c918e20728e37b184d817bb@changeid\/\">shtuar<\/a> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e drejtuesve p\u00ebr pajisjet PCI me autobusin virtual PCI, t\u00eb implementuar nga drejtuesi PCI-over-virtio.<\/li>\n<li>P\u00ebr sistemet x86 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr pajisjen paravirualizuese virtio-iommu, e cila lejon d\u00ebrgimin e k\u00ebrkesave IOMMU, si ATTACH, DETACH, MAP dhe UNMAP, mbi transportin virtio pa imitim t\u00eb tabelave t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories;<\/li>\n<li>P\u00ebr CPU Intel, duke filluar nga familja Skylake dhe duke p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb Coffee Lake, p\u00ebrdorimi i zgjerimeve Intel TSX (Transactional Synchronization Extensions) \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar si standard, duke ofruar mjete p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb aplikacioneve shum\u00ebkaresore p\u00ebrmes ndalimit dinamik t\u00eb operacioneve t\u00eb panevojshme t\u00eb sinkronizimit. Zgjerimet jan\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mund\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb kryerjes s\u00eb sulmeve <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=51852\">Zombieload<\/a>, q\u00eb manipulojn\u00eb rrjedhjen e informacionit p\u00ebrmes kanaleve t\u00eb jashtme, duke ndodhur gjat\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb mekanizmit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjes asinkrone t\u00eb operacioneve (TAA, T\u00eb Nxehurat Asinkrone);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>sistemi rrjet\u00eb:\n<ul>\n<li>intensifikuar integrimi n\u00eb kernel t\u00eb MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), zgjerimi i protokollit TCP p\u00ebr organizimin e funksionimit t\u00eb lidhjes TCP me dor\u00ebzimin e paketave n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb p\u00ebrmes disa rrug\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes nd\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb ndryshme rrjet\u00eb, t\u00eb lidhura me adresa t\u00eb ndryshme IP. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb l\u00ebshim t\u00eb ri <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=22ba9d0d6c0d\">u shtua<\/a> mekanizmi p\u00ebr p\u00ebrcaktimin e politikave t\u00eb hashit p\u00ebr transmetimin e trafikut p\u00ebr IPv4 dhe IPv6 (politika e hashit t\u00eb shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb), e cila lejon q\u00eb nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet se cilat nga fushat n\u00eb paketat, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato t\u00eb inkapsuluara, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr llogaritjen e hashit, q\u00eb p\u00ebrcakton zgjedhjen e rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebr paket\u00ebn;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb transportin virtual virtio \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr soket <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/man7.org\/linux\/man-pages\/man2\/socket.2.html\">SOCK_SEQPACKET<\/a> (transmetim t\u00eb organizuar dhe t\u00eb sigurt t\u00eb datagrameve);<\/li>\n<li>jan\u00eb zgjeruar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e mekanizmit t\u00eb soketeve SO_REUSEPORT, i cili lejon q\u00eb disa sokete q\u00eb d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb t\u00eb lidhen menj\u00ebher\u00eb me nj\u00eb port p\u00ebr t\u00eb pranuar lidhje me shp\u00ebrndarjen e k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb ardhshme n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb gjith\u00eb soket\u00ebve t\u00eb lidhur p\u00ebrmes SO_REUSEPORT, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb krijimin e aplikacioneve server t\u00eb shum\u00ebkaresore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb version t\u00eb ri <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/853637\/\">shtuar<\/a> ka mjete p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar kontrollin te nj\u00eb soket tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb rast d\u00ebshtimi gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs nga soketi fillestar i zgjedhur (zgjidhet problemi i humbjes s\u00eb lidhjeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta gjat\u00eb rinisjes s\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve);<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>pajisjet:\n<ul>\n<li>n\u00eb pajisjen amdgpu <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/torvalds\/linux.git\/commit\/?id=e058a84bfddc42ba356a2316f2cf1141974625c9\">\u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar<\/a> \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439 GPU AMD Radeon RX 6000, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 &laquo;Beige Goby&raquo; (Navi 24) \u0438 &laquo;Yellow Carp&raquo;, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 GPU Aldebaran (gfx90a) \u0438 APU Van Gogh. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 eDP. \u0414\u043b\u044f APU Renoir \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (TMZ, Trusted Memory Zone). \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442 (hot-unplug). \u0414\u043b\u044f GPU Radeon RX 6000 (Navi 2x) \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 GPU AMD \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f ASPM (Active State Power Management), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f GPU Navi 1x, Vega \u0438 Polaris;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr \u00e7ipet AMD \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr memorien virtuale t\u00eb ndar\u00eb (SVM, shared virtual memory) mbi baz\u00ebn e n\u00ebnstruktur\u00ebs HMM (Menaxhimi i Memories Heterogjene), e cila lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e pajisjeve me blloqe t\u00eb veta t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb memories (MMU, nj\u00ebsia e menaxhimit t\u00eb memories), t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb ken\u00eb qasje n\u00eb memorien kryesore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes HMM mund t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt adresimi mes GPU dhe CPU, ku GPU mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qasje n\u00eb memorien kryesore t\u00eb procesit;<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.amd.com\/en\/technologies\/smartshift\">AMD Smart Shift<\/a>, e cila ndryshon dinamikisht parametrat e konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb CPU dhe GPU n\u00eb laptop\u00ebt me \u00e7ipset dhe kart\u00ebn grafike AMD p\u00ebr forcimin e performanc\u00ebs gjat\u00eb loj\u00ebrave, redaktimit t\u00eb videove dhe renderimit 3D;<\/li>\n<li>n\u00eb driverin i915 p\u00ebr kartat grafike Intel <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lists.freedesktop.org\/archives\/intel-gfx\/2021-May\/266616.html\">u p\u00ebrfshi<\/a> \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr \u00e7ipet Intel Alderlake P;<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar driveri drm\/hyperv p\u00ebr adaptorin grafik virtual Hyper-V;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/patchwork.kernel.org\/project\/dri-devel\/cover\/20210416090048.11492-1-tzimmermann@suse.de\/\">u shtua<\/a> driveri grafik simpledrm, i cili p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr daljen frame buffer EFI-GOP ose VESA, e cila ofrohet nga firmware ose BIOS UEFI. Q\u00ebllimi kryesor i driverit \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e daljes grafike n\u00eb fazat fillestare t\u00eb ngarkimit, derisa t\u00eb b\u00ebhet e mundur p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb driveri t\u00eb plot\u00eb DRM. Driveri gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret si nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme p\u00ebr pajisjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat deri tani nuk ka drivera t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb DRM;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/soc\/soc.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&amp;id=1c701accecf21932ebcbd8acacb4557af3797e77\">shtuar<\/a> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kompjuterin gjith\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=54015\">Raspberry Pi 400<\/a>;<\/li>\n<li>\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar driveri dell-wmi-privacy p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrruesve t\u00eb kamer\u00ebs dhe mikrofonit t\u00eb pajisur n\u00eb laptop\u00ebt Dell;<\/li>\n<li>p\u00ebr laptop\u00ebt Lenovo <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/pdx86\/platform-drivers-x86.git\/commit\/?h=review-hans&amp;id=a40cd7ef22fbb11229cf982920f4ec96c1f49282\">u shtua<\/a> nd\u00ebrfaqja WMI p\u00ebr ndryshimin e parametrave t\u00eb BIOS n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet sysfs \/sys\/class\/firmware-attributes\/;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/YOM9yTZZsEicMW3f@kroah.com\/\">\u00ebsht\u00eb zgjeruar<\/a> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr pajisje me nd\u00ebrfaqen USB4;<\/li>\n<li><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lore.kernel.org\/lkml\/s5hbl7li0fe.wl-tiwai@suse.de\/\">shtuar<\/a> mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kartat zanore dhe kodek\u00ebt AmLogic SM1 TOACODEC, Intel AlderLake-M, NXP i.MX8, NXP TFA1, TDF9897, Rockchip RK817, Qualcomm Quinary MI2 dhe Texas Instruments TAS2505. \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr z\u00eb n\u00eb laptop\u00ebt HP dhe ASUS. <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/git.kernel.org\/pub\/scm\/linux\/kernel\/git\/tiwai\/sound.git\/commit\/?h=for-next&amp;id=9ce650a75a3b262c90789b42aedee8fc2ee04d53\">Shtuar<\/a> patchesh p\u00ebr uljen e vonesave para fillimit t\u00eb riprodhimit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit n\u00eb pajisjet me nd\u00ebrfaqen USB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a &ndash; opennet.ru.<\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/linux-general\/16502291\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.14. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b quotactl_fd() \u0438 memfd_secret(), \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 ide \u0438 raw, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\/\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f cgroup, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 SCHED_CORE, \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 BPF-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 15883 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2002 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 69 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":101214,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-101213","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - 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69\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/yadro-linux-5-14\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:secure_url\" content=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/logo-350.jpg\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"350\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-09-07T14:23:45+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-09-07T14:23:45+00:00\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/prohoster\" \/>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Kernel Linux 5.14 | ProHoster","description":"Pas dy muaj zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds paraqiti l\u00ebshimin e kernelit Linux 5.14. Disa nga ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb: thirrjet e reja t\u00eb sistemit quotactl_fd() dhe memfd_secret(), heqjen e drejtuesve ide dhe raw, nj\u00eb kontrollues t\u00eb ri prioriteteve t\u00eb hyrjes\/daljes p\u00ebr cgroup, nj\u00eb mod t\u00eb planifikimit t\u00eb detyrave SCHED_CORE, dhe infrastruktur\u00ebn p\u00ebr krijimin e bootloader\u00ebve t\u00eb verifikuar t\u00eb BPF. 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