{"id":102301,"date":"2021-11-16T21:36:47","date_gmt":"2021-11-16T19:36:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/blacksmith-novaya-ataka-na-pamyat-dram-i-chipy-ddr4"},"modified":"2021-11-16T21:36:47","modified_gmt":"2021-11-16T19:36:47","slug":"blacksmith-novaya-ataka-na-pamyat-dram-i-chipy-ddr4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/blacksmith-novaya-ataka-na-pamyat-dram-i-chipy-ddr4","title":{"rendered":"Blacksmith \u2014 nj\u00eb sulm i ri n\u00eb kujtes\u00ebn DRAM dhe \u00e7ipat DDR4","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Nj\u00eb grup k\u00ebrkuesish nga Shkolla Politeknike e Zvicr\u00ebs, Universiteti i Lir\u00eb t\u00eb Amsterdamit dhe kompania Qualcomm publikuan nj\u00eb metod\u00eb t\u00eb re sulmi t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer, e cila lejon ndryshimin e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb bit\u00ebve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb memories dinamike t\u00eb aksesit t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm (DRAM). Sulmi ka emrin kod Blacksmith dhe identifikuesin CVE-2021-42114. Problemi godet shum\u00eb \u00e7ipa DDR4, t\u00eb pajisur me mbrojtje nga metodat e njohura t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer. Mjeti p\u00ebr testimin e sistemeve t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr prirjen ndaj k\u00ebsaj dob\u00ebsie \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar n\u00eb GitHub. <\/p>\n

Kujtojm\u00eb se sulmet e klasit RowHammer lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb deformohet p\u00ebrmbajtja e bit\u00ebve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb memories duke lexuar ciklikisht t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga qelizat p\u00ebrreth t\u00eb memories. Duke qen\u00eb se memorja DRAM p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb gril\u00eb dy-dimensionale qelizash, secila prej t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb kondensator dhe nj\u00eb transistor, kryerja e leximeve t\u00eb vazhdueshme t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs zon\u00eb t\u00eb memories shkakton l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb tensionit dhe anomalish q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb humbje t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs n\u00eb qelizat p\u00ebrreth. N\u00ebse intensiteti i leximit \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb qelia p\u00ebrreth mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb konsiderueshme ngarkese dhe cikli i rregjenerimit nuk ka koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rikthyer gjendjen e saj fillestare, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb ndryshimin e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb ruajtura n\u00eb qelin\u00eb. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur nga RowHammer, prodhuesit e \u00e7ipave ofruan mekanizmin TRR (Target Row Refresh), i cili mbron nga deformimi i qelizave n\u00eb radh\u00ebt fqinje. Megjithat\u00eb, pasi mbrojtja bazohej n\u00eb parimin \"siguri p\u00ebrmes paqart\u00ebsis\u00eb\" (security by obscurity), ajo nuk e zgjidhte problemin n\u00eb thelb, por mbante vet\u00ebm mbrojtje ndaj rasteve t\u00eb njohura specifike, duke lejuar q\u00eb t\u00eb gjendeshin leht\u00ebsisht m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr ta anashkaluar at\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb maj, kompania Google ofroi metod\u00ebn Half-Double, e cila nuk ishte prekur nga mbrojtja TRR, pasi gjat\u00eb sulmit prekenin qelizat q\u00eb nuk ishin drejtp\u00ebrdrejt ngjitur me objektivin. <\/p>\n

Metoda e re Blacksmith ofron nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr t\u00eb rrethuar mbrojtjen TRR, e bazuar n\u00eb trajtim jo homogen me frekuenca t\u00eb ndryshme ndaj dy ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb rreshtave agresor\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkaktuar rrjedhje ngarkese. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar modelin e qasjes n\u00eb memorie q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb rrjedhjen e ngarkes\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb fuzzer i posa\u00e7\u00ebm, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshtat automatikisht parametrat e sulmit p\u00ebr \u00e7ipin specifik, duke ndryshuar rendin, intensitetin dhe sistematik\u00ebn e qasjes n\u00eb seli. <\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb qasje e till\u00eb, e cila nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me ndikimin n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat qeliza, e b\u00ebn t\u00eb paefektsh\u00ebm metod\u00ebn aktuale t\u00eb mbrojtjes TRR, e cila n\u00eb nj\u00eb form\u00eb ose tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrfshin num\u00ebrimin e k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura n\u00eb qeliza dhe, kur arrihen vlera t\u00eb caktuara, niset rinovimi i qelizave p\u00ebrreth. N\u00eb Blacksmith, modeli i qasjes shtrihet menj\u00ebher\u00eb mbi disa qeliza nga an\u00ebt e ndryshme t\u00eb q\u00ebllimit, \u00e7ka lejon arrij\u00eb shkarkimi i ngarkes\u00ebs pa arritur nivele pragore. <\/p>\n

Metoda u tregua ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb efikase se metodat e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb anashkalimit t\u00eb TRR \u2014 studiuesit arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb shkaktonin deformimin e bit\u00ebve n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb 40 \u00e7ipat e ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb bler\u00eb s\u00eb fundmi t\u00eb memories DDR4 prodhuar nga Samsung, Micron, SK Hynix dhe nj\u00eb prodhues t\u00eb panjohur (n\u00eb 4 \u00e7ipa prodhuesi nuk ishte p\u00ebrmendur). P\u00ebr krahasim, metoda e propozuar m\u00eb par\u00eb nga t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit studiues, TRRespass, u tregua efikase vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr 13 nga 42 \u00e7ipat e testuar n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje, metoda Blacksmith supozohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb e aplikueshme p\u00ebr 94% t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha \u00e7ipave DRAM q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb treg, por sipas hulumtuesve, disa \u00e7ipa jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u sulmuar se t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt. P\u00ebrdorimi i kodimeve t\u00eb korrigjimit t\u00eb gabimeve (ECC) n\u00eb \u00e7ipa dhe dyfishimi i frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb azhurnimit t\u00eb memories nuk siguron mbrojtje t\u00eb plot\u00eb, por e komplikon shfryt\u00ebzimin. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se problemi nuk mund t\u00eb bllokohet n\u00eb \u00e7ip\u00ebt e l\u00ebshuar tashm\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrkon implementimin e nj\u00eb mbrojtjeje t\u00eb re n\u00eb nivelin harduerik, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb sulmi do t\u00eb mbetet aktual p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite n\u00eb vijim. <\/p>\n

Si shembuj praktik\u00eb, jan\u00eb paraqitur metoda t\u00eb aplikimit t\u00eb Blacksmith p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e regjistrimeve n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e faqeve t\u00eb memories (PTE, page table entry) p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar privilegjin e kernelit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar \u00e7el\u00ebsin publik RSA-2048 t\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb memory n\u00eb OpenSSH (mund t\u00eb konvertohet \u00e7el\u00ebsi publik n\u00eb t\u00eb huajin, n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me \u00e7el\u00ebsin e mbyllur t\u00eb sulmuesit p\u00ebr t'u lidhur me VM-n\u00eb e viktim\u00ebs) dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar verifikimin e autorizimit p\u00ebrmes modifikimit t\u00eb memories s\u00eb procesit sudo p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituar privilegjet root. Var\u00ebsisht nga \u00e7ipi, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar nj\u00eb bit t\u00eb caktuar, nevojiten nga 3 sekonda deri n\u00eb disa or\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer sulmin. makin\u00ebn virtuale<\/a> korrigjimin e \u00e7el\u00ebsit t\u00eb mbyllur t\u00eb sulmuesit p\u00ebr t'u lidhur me VM-n\u00eb e viktim\u00ebs

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center> <\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, mund t\u00eb theksohet publikimi i korniz\u00ebs s\u00eb hapur LiteX Row Hammer Tester p\u00ebr t\u00eb testuar metodat e mbrojtjes s\u00eb memories nga sulmet e klas\u00ebs RowHammer, e zhvilluar nga kompania Antmicro me porosi t\u00eb Google. Korniza bazohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e FPGA p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar plot\u00ebsisht komandat q\u00eb d\u00ebrgohen drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb \u00e7ipin DRAM p\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar ndikimin e kontrolluesit t\u00eb memories. P\u00ebr nd\u00ebrveprimin me FPGA, ofrohet nj\u00eb toolkit n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Python. Porti n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb FPGA p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb modulin p\u00ebr transmetimin e paketave t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash (definon modelet e aksesit n\u00eb memory), Payload Executor, nj\u00eb kontrollues n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb LiteDRAM (p\u00ebrpunon gjith\u00eb logjik\u00ebn e nevojshme p\u00ebr DRAM, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb aktivizimin e rreshtave dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e memories) dhe CPU VexRiscv. Prodhimet e projektit shp\u00ebrndahen n\u00ebn licenc\u00ebn Apache 2.0. Mb\u00ebshtetet p\u00ebrdorimi i platformave t\u00eb ndryshme FPGA, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Lattice ECP5, Xilinx Series 6, 7, UltraScale dhe UltraScale+.
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Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430, \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Qualcomm \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 RowHammer, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (DRAM). \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f Blacksmith \u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 CVE-2021-42114. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u044b DDR4, \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0431\u0436\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 RowHammer. \u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-102301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Blacksmith \u2014 nj\u00eb sulm i ri ndaj memories DRAM dhe \u00e7ipave DDR4 | ProHoster","description":"Nj\u00eb grup hulumtuesish nga Politeknika Federale e Zvicr\u00ebs, Universiteti i Lir\u00eb n\u00eb Amsterdam dhe kompania Qualcomm publikuan nj\u00eb metod\u00eb t\u00eb re sulmi t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer, e cila lejon ndryshimin e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb bit\u00ebve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb memories dinamike t\u00eb aksesit t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm (DRAM). Ky sulm ka marr\u00eb emrin kodor Blacksmith dhe identifikuesin CVE-2021-42114. \u00c7do modifikim \u00ebsht\u00eb i ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj shum\u00eb \u00e7ipave DDR4, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtur nga metodat e njohura m\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer. Nj\u00eb mjet p\u00ebr testimin e sistemeve tuaja.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/blacksmith-novaya-ataka-na-pamyat-dram-i-chipy-ddr4","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47Blacksmith \u2014 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c DRAM \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u044b DDR4 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430, \u0410\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Qualcomm \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 RowHammer, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 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