{"id":102509,"date":"2021-12-07T15:37:11","date_gmt":"2021-12-07T13:37:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/tretya-redakcziya-patchej-dlya-yadra-linux-s-podderzhkoj-yazyka-rust"},"modified":"2021-12-07T15:37:11","modified_gmt":"2021-12-07T13:37:11","slug":"tretya-redakcziya-patchej-dlya-yadra-linux-s-podderzhkoj-yazyka-rust","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/tretya-redakcziya-patchej-dlya-yadra-linux-s-podderzhkoj-yazyka-rust","title":{"rendered":"Edisioni i tret\u00eb i patch-ave p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr gjuh\u00ebn Rust.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
Miguel Ojeda, autori i projektit Rust-for-Linux, propozoi p\u00ebr shqyrtim nga zhvilluesit e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux nj\u00eb variant t\u00eb tret\u00eb t\u00eb komponenteve p\u00ebr shkruarjen e drejtorive t\u00eb pajisjeve n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust. Mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr Rust konsiderohet si eksperimentale, por tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb miratuar p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb deg\u00ebn linux-next. Zhvillimi financohet nga kompania Google dhe organizata ISRG (Internet Security Research Group), e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluesja e projektit Let\u2019s Encrypt dhe mb\u00ebshtet promovimin e HTTPS dhe zhvillimin e teknologjive p\u00ebr rritjen e siguris\u00eb n\u00eb internet. <\/p>\n
Kujtojme se ndryshimet e propozuara ofrojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb Rust si gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvillimin e drejtuesve dhe moduleve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. Mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr Rust paraqitet si nj\u00eb opsion, i cili nuk aktivizohet nga parazgjedhja dhe nuk \u00e7on n\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjen e Rust n\u00eb numrin e var\u00ebsive t\u00eb detyrueshme p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. P\u00ebrdorimi i Rust p\u00ebr zhvillimin e drejtuesve do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb krijimin e drejtuesve t\u00eb sigurt dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb kualitetsh\u00ebm me p\u00ebrpjekje minimale, duke eliminuar probleme si p\u00ebrdorimi i hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb memories pas lirimit t\u00eb saj, dereferencimi i treguesve null dhe tejkalimi i kufijve t\u00eb tamponit. <\/p>\n
Funksionaliteti i sigurt i pun\u00ebs me kujtes\u00ebn sigurohet n\u00eb Rust gjat\u00eb kompilimit p\u00ebrmes verifikimit t\u00eb referencave, ndjekjes s\u00eb pron\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb objekteve dhe llogaritjes s\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatjes s\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb objekteve (fusha e dukshm\u00ebris\u00eb), si dhe p\u00ebrmes vler\u00ebsimit t\u00eb sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb aksesit n\u00eb memorie gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb kodit. Rust ofron gjithashtu mjete p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga tejkalimet e numrave t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb, k\u00ebrkon inicializimin e detyruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb vlerave t\u00eb variablave para p\u00ebrdorimit, trajton m\u00eb mir\u00eb gabimet n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn standarde, zbaton konceptin e referencave dhe variablave t\u00eb pandryshuesh\u00ebm (immutable) si parazgjedhje, dhe ofron nj\u00eb tipizim statik t\u00eb fort\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb minimizuar gabimet logjike. <\/p>\n
N\u00eb variantin e ri t\u00eb patch-\u00ebve vazhdohet t\u00eb adresohen v\u00ebrejtjet e shprehura gjat\u00eb diskutimit t\u00eb versioneve t\u00eb para dhe t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb patch-\u00ebve. Ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme: <\/p>\n
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Kalimi i \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur kompajlerin stabil t\u00eb l\u00ebshuar Rust 1.57 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar lidhja me versionin e stabilizuar t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs Rust 2021. M\u00eb par\u00eb, pashtet ishin t\u00eb lidhura me deg\u00ebn beta t\u00eb Rust dhe p\u00ebrdornin disa ve\u00e7ori gjuh\u00ebsore q\u00eb b\u00ebnin pjes\u00eb n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb e ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb pasiguruara. Kalimi n\u00eb specifikimin Rust 2021 lejoi fillimin e pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur p\u00ebrdorimin e k\u00ebtyre ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb pasiguruara n\u00eb pashta, si p.sh. const_fn_transmute, const_panic, const_unreachable_unchecked dhe core_panic dhe try_reserve.\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb vazhduar zhvillimi i variantit t\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebs Rust alloc, i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb paketat, i modifikuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar funksionet e ndarjes s\u00eb memories nga mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e gjenerimit t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb 'panic' n\u00eb rast t\u00eb gabimeve, si p.sh., mungesa e memories. N\u00eb versionin e ri jan\u00eb implementuar opsionet 'no_rc' dhe 'no_sync' p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar funksionalitetet q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb kodin Rust p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn m\u00eb modulare. Puna vazhdon me zhvilluesit kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb alloc, e orientuar drejt transferimit t\u00eb ndryshimeve t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr b\u00ebrthamat n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen kryesore t\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebs. N\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn baz\u00eb Rust (core) \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar opsioni 'no_fp_fmt_parse', i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr funksionimin e bibliotek\u00ebs n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.\n
U kryer pastrimi i kodit p\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e paralajm\u00ebrimeve t\u00eb kompilatorit gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs n\u00eb modin CONFIG_WERROR. Gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb kodit n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust jan\u00eb aktivizuar m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb tjera diagnostikuese t\u00eb kompilatorit dhe paralajm\u00ebrime nga linters Clippy.\n
Propozohen abstraksione p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb kodin Rust p\u00ebr bllokimet seqlock (bllokime sekuencash), thirrje callback p\u00ebr menaxhimin e energjis\u00eb, Memoria I\/O (readX\/writeX), trajtuesit e nd\u00ebrprerjeve dhe rrjedhave, GPIO, aksesin n\u00eb pajisje, drejtues dhe kredenciale.\n
Jan\u00eb zgjeruar mjetet p\u00ebr zhvillimin e drejtuesve duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb mutex t\u00eb l\u00ebvizsh\u00ebm, iterues bit\u00ebsh, mb\u00ebshtjellje t\u00eb thjeshtuara mbi treguesit, diagnostik\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimeve dhe infrastruktur\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur nga autobusi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar puna me referencat duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb tip t\u00eb thjeshtuar Ref, i bazuar n\u00eb backendin refcount_t, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor API-n\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs p\u00ebr num\u00ebrimin e referencave. Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr tipet Arc dhe Rc, t\u00eb ofruara n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn e zakonshme alloc, \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme n\u00eb kodin q\u00eb ekzekutohet n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs (p\u00ebr vet\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur opsione q\u00eb \u00e7aktivizojn\u00eb k\u00ebto tipa).\n
N\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e patches \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb variant i drajverit PL061 GPIO, i shkruar n\u00eb Rust. Ve\u00e7oria e drajverit \u00ebsht\u00eb se implementimi i tij p\u00ebrs\u00ebrit praktikisht n\u00eb \u00e7do rresht drajverin ekzistues GPIO t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn C. P\u00ebr zhvilluesit q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb njohin krijimin e drajver\u00ebve n\u00eb Rust, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur nj\u00eb krahasim rresht pas rreshti, q\u00eb mund\u00ebson t\u00eb kuptohet n\u00eb cilat struktura n\u00eb Rust \u00ebsht\u00eb transformuar kodi n\u00eb C.\n
N\u00eb kodin kryesor t\u00eb Rust \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar rustc_codegen_gcc, backend i rustc p\u00ebr GCC, q\u00eb implementon mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e kompilimit t\u00eb parashikuesh\u00ebm (AOT) duke p\u00ebrdorur bibliotek\u00ebn libgccjit. Me nj\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb duhur t\u00eb backend-it, ai do t\u00eb mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e kodit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Rust n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet GCC.\n
P\u00ebrve\u00e7 kompanive ARM, Google dhe Microsoft, interesi p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e gjuh\u00ebs Rust n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehur edhe nga kompania Red Hat. P\u00ebrkujtojm\u00eb se Google ofron mb\u00ebshtetje direkte p\u00ebr projektin Rust for Linux, zhvillon nj\u00eb zbatim t\u00eb ri t\u00eb mekanizmit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimit nd\u00ebrprocesor Binder n\u00eb Rust dhe shqyrton mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rib\u00ebrjes n\u00eb Rust t\u00eb disa drejtuesve. Kompania Microsoft ka filluar t\u00eb zbatoj\u00eb drejtuesit p\u00ebr Hyper-V n\u00eb Rust. Kompania ARM po punon p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr Rust n\u00eb sisteme me procesor\u00eb ARM. Kompania IBM ka zbatuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr Rust n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn p\u00ebr sistemet PowerPC. <\/ul>\n