{"id":103824,"date":"2022-04-20T09:36:51","date_gmt":"2022-04-20T07:36:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/predvaritelnyj-vypusk-almalinux-9-osnovannyj-na-vetke-rhel-9"},"modified":"2022-04-20T09:36:51","modified_gmt":"2022-04-20T07:36:51","slug":"predvaritelnyj-vypusk-almalinux-9-osnovannyj-na-vetke-rhel-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/predvaritelnyj-vypusk-almalinux-9-osnovannyj-na-vetke-rhel-9","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi paraprak i AlmaLinux 9, i bazuar n\u00eb deg\u00ebn RHEL 9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Beta version of the AlmaLinux 9 distribution has been released, built using packages from the Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 branch and containing all the changes proposed in this release. The builds are prepared for x86_64, ARM64, s390x, and ppc64le architectures in bootable (780 MB), minimal (1.7 GB), and full image (8 GB) forms. RHEL 9 and AlmaLinux 9 releases are expected in early May.    <\/p>\n<p>Distribucioni \u00ebsht\u00eb identik me RHEL n\u00eb funksionalitet, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 ndryshimeve t\u00eb lidhura me ribrendimin dhe heqjen e pakove specifike p\u00ebr RHEL, si redhat-*, insights-client dhe subscription-manager-migration*. AlmaLinux \u00ebsht\u00eb falas p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha kategorit\u00eb e p\u00ebrdoruesve, zhvillohet me pjes\u00ebmarrjen e komunitetit dhe duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb model menaxhimi q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngjash\u00ebm me organizimin e projektit Fedora. Krijuesit e AlmaLinux p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb nj\u00eb balancim optimal midis mb\u00ebshtetjes korporative dhe interesave t\u00eb komunitetit \u2014 n\u00eb nj\u00ebr\u00ebn an\u00eb, n\u00eb zhvillim jan\u00eb angazhuar burime dhe zhvillues nga kompania CloudLinux, e cila ka p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb fork-\u00ebve t\u00eb RHEL, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb an\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr, projekti \u00ebsht\u00eb transparent dhe n\u00ebn kontrollin e komunitetit.     <\/p>\n<p>Distribucioni AlmaLinux \u00ebsht\u00eb i bazuar n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb CloudLinux, e cila megjithat\u00eb duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb burimet dhe zhvilluesit e saj, i dha projektit nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb jo fitimprur\u00ebse, AlmaLinux OS Foundation, p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb platform\u00eb neutrale me pjes\u00ebmarrjen e komunitetit. P\u00ebr zhvillimin e projektit jan\u00eb ndar\u00eb nj\u00eb milion dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit. T\u00eb gjitha zhvillimet e AlmaLinux publikohen n\u00ebn licenca t\u00eb lira.     <\/p>\n<p>Key changes in AlmaLinux 9 and RHEL 9 compared to RHEL 8 branch:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar mjedisi i sistemit dhe instrumentari i nd\u00ebrtimit. P\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e paketave p\u00ebrdoret GCC 11. Biblioteka standarde C \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb glibc 2.34. Paketa me kernelin Linux \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar mbi baz\u00ebn e versionit 5.14. Menaxheri i paketave RPM \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin 4.16 me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kontrollin e integritetit p\u00ebrmes fapolicyd.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ka p\u00ebrfunduar migrimi i shp\u00ebrndarjes n\u00eb Python 3. Si parazgjedhje ofrohet dega Python 3.9. Furnizimi me Python 2 \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">  Mjedisi i pun\u00ebs bazohet n\u00eb GNOME 40 (n\u00eb RHEL 8 ofrohej GNOME 3.28) dhe bibliotek\u00ebn GTK 4. N\u00eb GNOME 40, hap\u00ebsirat virtuale t\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrmbledhjes (Activities Overview) jan\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb orientim horizontal dhe shfaqen si nj\u00eb zinxhir i vazhduesh\u00ebm q\u00eb l\u00ebviz nga e majta n\u00eb t\u00eb djatht\u00eb. N\u00eb secil\u00ebn hap\u00ebsir\u00eb pune t\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrmbledhjes, dritaret ekzistuese shfaqen qart\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit p\u00ebrdoren panoramimi dhe shkall\u00ebzimi dinamik. Gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb kalim pa nd\u00ebrprerje midis list\u00ebs s\u00eb programeve dhe hap\u00ebsirave virtuale t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb GNOME p\u00ebrdoret sh\u00ebrbimi power-profiles-daemon, i cili mund\u00ebson kalimin n\u00eb \u00e7ast midis m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb kursimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb, m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb balancuar t\u00eb konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb performanc\u00ebs maksimale.     <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> T\u00eb gjitha rrjedhat audio jan\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb serverin multimedial PipeWire, i cili tani p\u00ebrdoret si parazgjedhje n\u00eb vend t\u00eb PulseAudio dhe JACK. P\u00ebrdorimi i PipeWire b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur q\u00eb edhe n\u00eb edicionin standard desktop t\u00eb ofrohen funksione t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit profesional t\u00eb audios, t\u00eb eliminohet fragmentimi dhe t\u00eb unifikohet infrastruktura audio p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorime t\u00eb ndryshme.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Si parazgjedhje, menyja e nisjes GRUB fshihet n\u00ebse RHEL \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi shp\u00ebrndarim i instaluar n\u00eb sistem dhe n\u00ebse nisja e m\u00ebparshme ka p\u00ebrfunduar pa probleme. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur menyn\u00eb gjat\u00eb nisjes, mjafton t\u00eb mbani t\u00eb shtypur tastin Shift ose t\u00eb shtypni disa her\u00eb tastin Esc ose F8. Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet n\u00eb ngarkuesin e nisjes, vihet re edhe vendosja e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb konfigurimit t\u00eb GRUB p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha arkitekturat n\u00eb nj\u00eb direktori t\u00eb vetme \/boot\/grub2\/ (skedari \/boot\/efi\/EFI\/redhat\/grub.cfg tani \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje simbolike drejt \/boot\/grub2\/grub.cfg), pra i nj\u00ebjti sistem i instaluar mund t\u00eb niset si me EFI, ashtu edhe me BIOS.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Komponent\u00ebt p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb ndryshme jan\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb pakot langpacks, t\u00eb cilat lejojn\u00eb variacione n\u00eb nivelin e mb\u00ebshtetjes gjuh\u00ebsore t\u00eb instaluar. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb pakon langpacks-core-font ofrohen vet\u00ebm fontet, n\u00eb langpacks-core \u2014 lokaliteti p\u00ebr glibc, fonti baz\u00eb dhe metoda e hyrjes, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb langpacks \u2014 p\u00ebrkthimet, fontet shtes\u00eb dhe fjalor\u00ebt p\u00ebr kontrollin e drejtshkrimit.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar komponent\u00ebt e siguris\u00eb. Distribucioni p\u00ebrdor deg\u00ebn e re t\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebs kriptografike OpenSSL 3.0. Si parazgjedhje jan\u00eb aktivizuar algoritme kriptografike m\u00eb moderne dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb besueshme (p\u00ebr shembull, \u00ebsht\u00eb ndaluar p\u00ebrdorimi i SHA-1 n\u00eb TLS, DTLS, SSH, IKEv2 dhe Kerberos, nd\u00ebrsa jan\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1, DTLS 1.0, RC4, Camellia, DSA, 3DES dhe FFDHE-1024). Paketa OpenSSH \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin 8.6p1. Cyrus SASL \u00ebsht\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb backend-in GDBM n\u00eb vend t\u00eb Berkeley DB. N\u00eb bibliotekat NSS (Network Security Services) \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr formatin DBM (Berkeley DB). GnuTLS \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin 3.7.2.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Performanca e SELinux \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme dhe konsumi i memories \u00ebsht\u00eb reduktuar. N\u00eb \/etc\/selinux\/config \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr konfigurimin \"SELINUX=disabled\" p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar SELinux (konfigurimi i specifikuar tani vet\u00ebm \u00e7aktivizon ngarkimin e politikave, dhe p\u00ebr \u00e7aktivizimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb funksionalitetit t\u00eb SELinux tani k\u00ebrkohet kalimi n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb i parametrin \"selinux=0\").    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje eksperimentale <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"208\">VPN<\/a> WireGuard.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Si parazgjedhje, hyrja p\u00ebrmes SSH si p\u00ebrdoruesi root \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndaluar.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mjetet e menaxhimit t\u00eb filtrit t\u00eb paketave iptables-nft (utilitetet iptables, ip6tables, ebtables dhe arptables) dhe ipset jan\u00eb shpallur t\u00eb vjetruara. P\u00ebr menaxhimin e firewall-it tani rekomandohet p\u00ebrdorimi i nftables.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb demoni i ri mptcpd p\u00ebr konfigurimin e MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), nj\u00eb zgjerim i protokollit TCP p\u00ebr organizimin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhjeje TCP me d\u00ebrgimin e paketave nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrmes disa rrug\u00ebve n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nd\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb rrjetit, t\u00eb lidhura me adresa IP t\u00eb ndryshme. P\u00ebrdorimi i mptcpd b\u00ebn t\u00eb mundur konfigurimin e MPTCP pa p\u00ebrdorur utilitetin iproute2.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Paketa network-scripts \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr; p\u00ebr konfigurimin e lidhjeve t\u00eb rrjetit duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret NetworkManager. Mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr formatin e konfigurimit ifcfg \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur, por NetworkManager si parazgjedhje p\u00ebrdor formatin e bazuar n\u00eb skedarin keyfile.          <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb versione t\u00eb reja t\u00eb kompajler\u00ebve dhe mjeteve p\u00ebr zhvilluesit: GCC 11.2, LLVM\/Clang 12.0.1, Rust 1.54, Go 1.16.6, Node.js 16, OpenJDK 17, Perl 5.32, PHP 8.0, Python 3.9, Ruby 3.0, Git 2.31, Subversion 1.14, binutils 2.35, CMake 3.20.2, Maven 3.6, Ant 1.10.   <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar paketat serverike Apache HTTP Server 2.4.48, nginx 1.20, Varnish Cache 6.5, Squid 5.1.  <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar DBMS-t\u00eb MariaDB 10.5, MySQL 8.0, PostgreSQL 13, Redis 6.2.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e emulatorit QEMU, p\u00ebr shfrytezimin e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur si parazgjedhje Clang, e cila lejon p\u00ebrdorimin n\u00eb hipervizorin KVM t\u00eb disa mekanizmave shtes\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtjes, t\u00eb tilla si SafeStack p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga metodat e shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb programimin e orientuar nga kthimi (ROP \u2014 Programimi i Orientuar nga Kthimi).        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb SSSD (System Security Services Daemon) \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur niveli i detajimit t\u00eb logeve; p\u00ebr shembull, ngjarjeve tani u bashk\u00ebngjitet koha e p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb detyr\u00ebs dhe pasqyrohet rrjedha e autentikimit. Jan\u00eb shtuar funksione k\u00ebrkimi p\u00ebr analizimin e problemeve me konfigurimin dhe performanc\u00ebn.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb zgjeruar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) p\u00ebr verifikimin e integritetit t\u00eb komponent\u00ebve t\u00eb sistemit operativ p\u00ebrmes n\u00ebnshkrimeve dixhitale dhe hash-eve.      <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> Si parazgjedhje \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar nj\u00eb hierarki e vetme e unifikuar cgroup (cgroup v2). Cgroups v2 mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar p\u00ebrdorimin e memories, burimeve t\u00eb CPU dhe hyrje\/daljes. Dallimi kryesor i cgroups v2 nga v1 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb hierarkie t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt cgroups p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha llojet e burimeve, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb hierarkive t\u00eb ndara p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrndarjen e burimeve t\u00eb CPU, p\u00ebr rregullimin e konsumit t\u00eb memories dhe p\u00ebr hyrje\/daljen. Hierarkit\u00eb e ndara shkaktonin v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi n\u00eb organizimin e nd\u00ebrveprimit midis kontrolluesve dhe sillnin shpenzime shtes\u00eb t\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb kernelit gjat\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb rregullave p\u00ebr nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur n\u00eb hierarki t\u00eb ndryshme.    <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr sinkronizimin e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb sakt\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb protokollin NTS (Network Time Security), i cili p\u00ebrdor element\u00eb t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave publik\u00eb (PKI) dhe mund\u00ebson p\u00ebrdorimin e TLS dhe enkriptimit t\u00eb autentikuar AEAD (Authenticated Encryption with Associated Data) p\u00ebr mbrojtjen kriptografike t\u00eb komunikimit mes klientit dhe <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/server\/dts-los-angeles\/\"   title=\"server\u00eb\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3807\">server\u00eb<\/a> p\u00ebrmes protokollit NTP (Network Time Protocol). NTP-serveri chrony \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin 4.1.        <\/li>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb siguruar mb\u00ebshtetje eksperimentale p\u00ebr KTLS (implementimi i TLS n\u00eb nivel kerneli), Intel SGX (Software Guard Extensions), DAX (Direct Access) p\u00ebr ext4 dhe XFS, si edhe mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr AMD SEV dhe SEV-ES n\u00eb hipervizorin KVM.            <\/li>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57048\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 AlmaLinux 9, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 x86_64, ARM64, s390x \u0438 ppc64le \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (780 \u041c\u0411), \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (1.7 \u0413\u0411) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 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