{"id":104123,"date":"2022-05-23T15:36:40","date_gmt":"2022-05-23T13:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-18"},"modified":"2022-05-23T15:36:40","modified_gmt":"2022-05-23T13:36:40","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-5-18","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-18","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i kernelit Linux 5.18","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas dy muajsh zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds prezantoi l\u00ebshimin e kernelit Linux 5.18. Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme: \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb pastrim i madh i funksionaliteteve t\u00eb vjetra, sistemi i skedar\u00ebve Reiserfs \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur obsolent, jan\u00eb realizuar ngjarje p\u00ebr gjurmimin e proceseve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin e bllokimit t\u00eb eksploit\u00ebve Intel IBT, \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar nj\u00eb mod p\u00ebr identifikimin e mbushjeve t\u00eb tampon\u00ebve kur p\u00ebrdoret funksioni memcpy(), \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr gjurmimin e thirrjeve t\u00eb funksioneve fprobe, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar performanca e planifikuesit t\u00eb detyrave n\u00eb CPU-t\u00eb AMD Zen, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtues p\u00ebr menaxhimin e funksionalitetit t\u00eb CPU-ve Intel (SDS), \u00ebsht\u00eb integruar nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e patch-eve p\u00ebr restrukturimin e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb titujve, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb miratuar p\u00ebrdorimi i standardit C11.      <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 16206 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2127 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 14203 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 1995 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432),  \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 108 \u041c\u0411 (\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 14235 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 1340982 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 593836 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a). \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 44% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 5.18 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 16% \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440, 11% \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, 3% &#8212; \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 3% c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430.           <\/p>\n<p>Novitet kryesore n\u00eb kernelin 5.18:    <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i diskut, hyrja\/ dalje dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Btrfs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kalimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb kompresuara gjat\u00eb operacioneve send dhe receive. M\u00eb par\u00eb, kur p\u00ebrdorej send\/receive, ana e d\u00ebrguesit zhbllokonte t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb ruheshin n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb kompresuar, nd\u00ebrsa ana e pranuese rip\u00ebrshtonte ato para se t'i shkruante. N\u00eb kernelin 5.18, aplikacioneve n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin thirrjet send\/receive u ofrohet mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb transferuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb kompresuara pa rikompresim. Funksionaliteti \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar p\u00ebrmes operacioneve t\u00eb reja ioctl BTRFS_IOC_ENCODED_READ dhe BTRFS_IOC_ENCODED_WRITE, q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb lexohen dhe shkruhen informacione drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb ekstente.\n<p>P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb Btrfs \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur performanca e fsync. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e dedupikimit dhe ekzekutimit t\u00eb reflink (klonim t\u00eb metadatave t\u00eb nj\u00eb skedari me krijimin e nj\u00eb lidhjeje me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb pa i kopjuar ato) p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb depozitat, pa u kufizuar n\u00eb pikat e montimit.         <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb modin e hyrjes direkte (Direct I\/O) \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar qasja n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt e enkriptuar kur p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb fscrypt enkriptimi inline, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin operacionet e enkriptimit dhe dekriptimit realizohen nga kontrollori i skedar\u00ebve, jo nga kernel. N\u00eb enkriptimin e zakonsh\u00ebm nga forca e kernelit, qasja n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt e enkriptuar p\u00ebrmes Direct I\/O si m\u00eb par\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur, pasi ndodhet adresimi i skedar\u00ebve duke kaluar mekanizmin e buferizimit n\u00eb kernel.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb serverin NFS, mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr protokollin NFSv3 \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar si parazgjedhje, t\u00eb cilin tani nuk e k\u00ebrkon aktivizimin e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion me aktivizimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm NFS. NFSv3 konsiderohet si versioni kryesor dhe gjithmon\u00eb i mb\u00ebshtetur i NFS, nd\u00ebrsa mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr NFSv2 ndoshta do t\u00eb nd\u00ebrpritet n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. Efikasiteti i leximit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb katalog\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur ndjesh\u00ebm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemi i skedar\u00ebve ReiserFS \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur obsolent dhe pritet t\u00eb largohet n\u00eb vitin 2025. Shpallja e ReiserFS si obsolent do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb zvog\u00eblimin e kostove t\u00eb mbajtjes s\u00eb ndryshimeve t\u00eb zakonshme p\u00ebr sistemet e skedar\u00ebve q\u00eb lidhen me mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb re API p\u00ebr montimin, iomap dhe foliant\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemin F2FS \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e mapimit t\u00eb identifikuesve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb sistem\u00ebve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb montuar, e cila p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur skedar\u00ebt e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndarje t\u00eb huaj t\u00eb montuar me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb sistemin aktual.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kodi p\u00ebr statistikat e llogaritjes n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt e Device-mapper \u00ebsht\u00eb rishikuar, \u00e7ka ka lejuar t\u00eb rritet ndjesh\u00ebm sakt\u00ebsia e akountimit n\u00eb procesor\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb si dm-crypt.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr pajisjet NVMe \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kontrollet 64-bit p\u00ebr verifikimin e integritetit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b exfat \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f &#171;keep_last_dots&#187;, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 (\u0432 Windows \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 EXT4 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 fast_commit  \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f &#171;mb_optimize_scan&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0424\u0421, \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr rrjedhat e shkrimit (write stream) n\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin q\u00eb siguron funksionimin e pajisjeve bllokuese. Kjo mund\u00ebsi ishte propozuar p\u00ebr SSD, por nuk gjeti popullaritet dhe tani nuk ka pajisje n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim q\u00eb e mb\u00ebshtesin k\u00ebt\u00eb mod dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e pakta q\u00eb ato do t\u00eb shfaqen n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Kujtesa dhe sh\u00ebrbimet sistemore<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Ka filluar integrimi i nj\u00eb grupi patch-esh q\u00eb lejon t\u00eb reduktohet ndjesh\u00ebm koha e rikompilimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs duke restrukturizuar hierarkin\u00eb e skedave t\u00eb titujve dhe duke zvog\u00ebluar numrin e var\u00ebsive t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjella. N\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn 5.18 jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb patch-e q\u00eb optimizojn\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e skedave t\u00eb titujve t\u00eb planifikuesit t\u00eb detyrave (kernel\/sched). Krahasuar me botimin e kaluar, konsumi i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb procesorit gjat\u00eb kompilimit t\u00eb kodit kernel\/sched \u00ebsht\u00eb reduktuar me 61%, nd\u00ebrsa koha reale \u00ebsht\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar me 3.9% (nga 2.95 n\u00eb 2.84 sek).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 C11, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 2011 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 ANSI C (\u042189), \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0435\u0449\u0451 \u0432 1989 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.  \u0412 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 5.18 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8216;&#8212;std=gnu89&#8217; \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 &#8216;&#8212;std=gnu11 -Wno-shift-negative-value&#8217;. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c  \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 C17, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e GCC, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 C11 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 GCC (5.1).\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i performanc\u00ebs n\u00eb planifikimin e detyrave n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt AMD me mikroarkitektur\u00ebn Zen, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebr \u00e7do nyje me kanale lokale memorjeje ofrohen disa cache t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb fundit (LLC, Last Level Cache). N\u00eb versionin e ri \u00ebsht\u00eb eliminuar disbalanci LLC midis nyjave NUMA, \u00e7ka n\u00eb disa lloje ngarkesash ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e konsideruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb zgjeruar mjetet p\u00ebr gjurmimin e aplikacioneve n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit. N\u00eb versionin e ri t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e krijimit t\u00eb ngjarjeve t\u00eb gjurmimit nga proceset e p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe regjistrimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb nj\u00eb buffer gjurmimi, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb shikohen p\u00ebrmes utilitar\u00ebve tipik\u00eb t\u00eb gjurmimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, si ftrace dhe perf. Ngjarjet e gjurmimit nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit jan\u00eb t\u00eb izoluara nga ngjarjet e gjurmimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. Gjendja e ngjarjeve mund t\u00eb shikohet p\u00ebrmes skedarit \/sys\/kernel\/debug\/tracing\/user_events_status, nd\u00ebrsa regjistrimi i ngjarjes dhe regjistrimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebrmes skedarit \/sys\/kernel\/debug\/tracing\/user_events_data.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (probe) \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 &#8212; fprobe. API fprobe \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 ftrace, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f callback-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 kprobes \u0438 kretprobes, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ka p\u00ebrfunduar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebr ARM (ARMv4 dhe ARMv5) q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb pajisur me nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi kontrolli t\u00eb memorjes (MMU). Mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr sistemet ARMv7-M pa MMU \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ka p\u00ebrfunduar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn NDS32 t\u00eb ngjashme me RISC, e cila ishte p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt e kompanis\u00eb Andes Technologies. Kodi \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes dhe k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje NDS32 n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn kryesore t\u00eb Linux (p\u00ebrdoruesit e mbetur p\u00ebrdorin nd\u00ebrtesa t\u00eb specializuara t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs nga prodhuesit e pajisjeve).\n<li class=\"l\"> Sipas parazgjedhjes \u00ebsht\u00eb ndaluar nd\u00ebrtimi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr formatin e skedar\u00ebve a.out p\u00ebr arkitekturat alfa dhe m68k, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat ky format vazhdon t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret. \u00cbsht\u00eb e mundur q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr formatin e vjet\u00ebruar a.out t\u00eb hiqet plot\u00ebsisht nga b\u00ebrthama. Planet p\u00ebr heqjen e formatit a.out jan\u00eb diskutuar q\u00eb nga viti 2019.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn PA-RISC \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje minimale p\u00ebr mekanizmin vDSO (virtual dynamic shared objects), i cili ofron nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb kufizuar thirrjesh sistemore, t\u00eb aksesueshme n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit pa kaluar konteksteve. Mb\u00ebshtetja e vDSO ka mund\u00ebsuar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e fillimit me nj\u00eb stack t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin Intel HFI (Hardware Feedback Interface), i cili lejon pajisjen t\u00eb transmetoj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs informacione mbi performanc\u00ebn aktuale dhe efikasitetin energjetik t\u00eb \u00e7do CPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 Intel SDSi (Software-Defined Silicon), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u044d\u0448-\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c). \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e &#171;\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c&#187; \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0438\u043f\u0430.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar drejtuesi amd_hsmp p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqes AMD HSMP (Host System Management Port), i cili ofron akses n\u00eb funksione t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb procesorit p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb regjistrave t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u shfaq\u00ebn n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt server AMD EPYC q\u00eb nga gjenerata Fam19h. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrmes HSMP mund t\u00eb merren t\u00eb dh\u00ebna mbi konsumimin e energjis\u00eb dhe temperatur\u00ebn, t\u00eb vendosen kufij mbi frekuenc\u00ebn, t\u00eb aktivizohen modet e ndryshme t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb performanc\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb menaxhohen parametrat e funksionimit t\u00eb memorie.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e I\/O asinkronik io_uring \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar opsioni IORING_SETUP_SUBMIT_ALL p\u00ebr regjistrimin n\u00eb buferin ring t\u00eb nj\u00eb grupi p\u00ebrshkruesish skedash, si dhe operacioni IORING_OP_MSG_RING, i cili lejon d\u00ebrgimin e nj\u00eb sinjali nga nj\u00eb bufer ring n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr bufer ring.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin DAMOS (Skemat e Operacioneve t\u00eb Monitorimit t\u00eb Qasjes n\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebna), q\u00eb lejon lirimin e memories duke marr\u00eb parasysh frekuenc\u00ebn e qasjes n\u00eb memorie, jan\u00eb zgjeruar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr kontrollin e operacioneve me memori nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb integruar patch-e t\u00eb reja q\u00eb realizojn\u00eb konceptin e folio-ve t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories, t\u00eb cilat i ngjajn\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta, por ndryshojn\u00eb me semantik\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar dhe organizim m\u00eb t\u00eb qart\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. P\u00ebrdorimi i folio-ve lejon shpejtimin e menaxhimit t\u00eb memories n\u00eb disa n\u00ebn sisteme t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. N\u00eb k\u00ebto patch-e \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar kalimi n\u00eb folio p\u00ebr funksionet e brendshme t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb memories, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb variacione t\u00eb funksionit get_user_pages(). \u00cbsht\u00eb ofruar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr krijimin e folio-ve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb kodin e parashikimit t\u00eb leximit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e nd\u00ebrtimit \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr variablat e mjedisit USERCFLAGS dhe USERLDFLAGS, me an\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb cilave mund t\u00eb kalohen flamuj shtes\u00eb n\u00eb kompilator dhe linker.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebn sistemin e eBPF n\u00eb mekanizmin BTF (BPF Type Format), i cili ofron informacion p\u00ebr verifikimin e tipave n\u00eb pseudokodin BPF, \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e shtimit t\u00eb anotacioneve p\u00ebr variablat q\u00eb referohen n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e memories n\u00eb nivelin e p\u00ebrdoruesit. Anotacionet ndihmojn\u00eb sistemin e verifikimit t\u00eb kodit BPF n\u00eb identifikimin dhe verifikimin e qasjeve n\u00eb memorie m\u00eb cil\u00ebsisht.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb propozuar nj\u00eb menaxher i ri i alokimit t\u00eb memories p\u00ebr ruajtjen e programeve t\u00eb ngarkuara BPF, i cili lejon p\u00ebrdorimin m\u00eb efektiv t\u00eb memories n\u00eb situatat e ngarkimit t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb programeve BPF.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 madvise(), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 MADV_DONTNEED_LOCKED, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 MADV_DONTNEED, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0442.\u0435. \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 MADV_DONTNEED \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 MADV_DONTNEED_LOCKED \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u041e\u0417\u0423 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435  madvise \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435   \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#171;page fault&#187; \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433  MADV_DONTNEED  \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0432 HugeTLB.              <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizimi dhe siguria<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn x86 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin e mbrojtjes s\u00eb rrethit t\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb komandave Intel IBT (Ndjekja Indirekte e Deg\u00ebve), e cila pengon p\u00ebrdorimin e teknikave p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e eksploit\u00ebve duke p\u00ebrdorur metoda t\u00eb kthyera p\u00ebr programim (ROP), n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat eksploit\u00ebt formohen n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb zinxhiri thirrjesh t\u00eb majme t\u00eb instruktimeve q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb n\u00eb memorie, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb me nj\u00eb instruktion kthimi t\u00eb kontrollit (zakonisht fundet e funksioneve). Q\u00ebllimi i metod\u00ebs s\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb realizuar \u00ebsht\u00eb bllokimi i kalimeve indirekte n\u00eb trupin e funksiones duke shtuar n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb funksionit nj\u00eb instruksion t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ENDBR dhe lejen e ekzekutimit p\u00ebr kalim indirekt vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rastin e kalimeve n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb instruksion (thirrja indirekte p\u00ebrmes JMP dhe CALL duhet gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb bjer\u00eb n\u00eb instruksionin ENDBR, i cili vendoset n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb funksionit).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb verifikim m\u00eb i fort\u00eb i kufijve t\u00eb bufer\u00ebve n\u00eb funksionet memcpy(), memmove() dhe memset(), q\u00eb realizohet n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e kompilimit kur aktivizohet moda CONFIG_FORTIFY_SOURCE. Ndryshimi i shtuar redukton n\u00eb kontrollin e daljes jasht\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb elementeve t\u00eb strukturave, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi q\u00eb dihet. K\u00ebtu theksohet se mund\u00ebsia e realizuar do t\u00eb bllokonte t\u00eb gjitha mbushjet e bufer\u00ebve t\u00eb lidhura me memcpy() n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, t\u00eb identifikuara s\u00eb paku gjat\u00eb tre viteve t\u00eb fundit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar pjesa e dyt\u00eb e kodit t\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb azhurnuar t\u00eb gjeneratorit t\u00eb numrave t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm RDRAND, i cili p\u00ebrgjigjet p\u00ebr funksionimin e pajisjeve \/dev\/random dhe \/dev\/urandom. Realizimi i ri \u00ebsht\u00eb i shquar p\u00ebr unifikimin e funksionimit t\u00eb \/dev\/random dhe \/dev\/urandom, shtimin e mbrojtjes nga shfaqja e kopjeve n\u00eb rrjedh\u00ebn e numrave t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit dhe kalimi n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e funksionit hash BLAKE2s n\u00eb vend t\u00eb SHA1 p\u00ebr operacionet e p\u00ebrzierjes s\u00eb entropis\u00eb. Ky ndryshim ka lejuar rritjen e siguris\u00eb s\u00eb gjeneratorit t\u00eb numrave t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm, duke e eliminuar algoritmin problematik SHA1 dhe duke p\u00ebrjashtuar ribashkimin e vektorit t\u00eb inicializimit RNG. Duke qen\u00eb se algoritmi BLAKE2s i kalon SHA1 n\u00eb performanc\u00eb, p\u00ebrdorimi i tij gjithashtu ka pasur nj\u00eb ndikim pozitiv n\u00eb performanc\u00ebn. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vps\/\"   title=\"makinave virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2100\">makinave virtuale<\/a> \u0438  \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 BLAKE2s \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e SHA1 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b, \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430 SHA1 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 RNG. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c BLAKE2s \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 SHA1 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b ARM64 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430    \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 &#8212; &#171;QARMA3&#187;, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430 QARMA \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 ARM64 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b ARM64 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432 GCC 12 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435. \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c &#171;\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c&#187; \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 (keyring) &#8212; &#171;machine&#187;, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b (MOK, Machine Owner Keys), \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 shim-\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb hequr mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr \u00e7el\u00ebsat e mbyllur asimetrik p\u00ebr TPM, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb propozuar n\u00eb versionin e vjet\u00ebruar t\u00eb TPM, kan\u00eb probleme t\u00eb njohura me sigurin\u00eb dhe nuk kan\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrhapje n\u00eb praktik\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mbrojtja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me tipin size_t nga mbushjet numerike. N\u00eb kod jan\u00eb angazhuar trajtuesit size_mul(), size_add() dhe size_sub(), t\u00eb cil\u00ebt lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt shum\u00ebzimin, shumimin dhe zbritjen e madh\u00ebsive me tipin size_t.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 &#171;-Warray-bounds&#187; \u0438  &#171;-Wzero-length-bounds&#187;, \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb pajisjen virtio-crypto \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr enkriptimin duke p\u00ebrdorur algoritmin RSA.                                 <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i rrjetit<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb implementimin e urave t\u00eb rrjetit \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e ky\u00e7jes s\u00eb porteve (locked mode), n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn p\u00ebrdoruesi mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb trafik p\u00ebrmes portit vet\u00ebm me adres\u00ebn MAC t\u00eb lejuar. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar gjithashtu mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur struktura t\u00eb shumta p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar gjendjen e protokollit STP (Spanning Tree Protocol). M\u00eb par\u00eb, p\u00ebr VLAN mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhej vet\u00ebm lidhje e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb me STP (1:1), ku \u00e7do VLAN menaxhohej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur. N\u00eb versionin e ri \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar parametri mst_enable, me p\u00ebrfshirjen e t\u00eb cilit gjendja e VLAN-ve kontrollohet nga moduli MST (Multiple Spanning Trees) dhe lidhja e VLAN-ve mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhet me modelin M:N.\n<li class=\"l\"> Puna p\u00ebr integrimin e mjeteve n\u00eb skedarin rrjet\u00ebs p\u00ebr monitorimin e shkaqeve t\u00eb humbjes s\u00eb paketave (kodet e arsyes) ka vazhduar. Kodi i arsyes transmetohet gjat\u00eb lirimit t\u00eb memories q\u00eb lidhet me paket\u00ebn dhe lejon q\u00eb t\u00eb merren parasysh situata t\u00eb tilla si humbja e paket\u00ebs p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb gabimeve n\u00eb plot\u00ebsimin e fushave t\u00eb titullit, identifikimi i spoofing nga filtri rp_filter, kontrolli i gabuar i som\u00eb, mungesa e memories, aktivizimi i rregullave IPSec XFRM, numri i gabuar i sekuenc\u00ebs TCP, etj.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb ofruar mund\u00ebsia e transmetimit t\u00eb paketave rrjet\u00ebs nga programet BPF, t\u00eb drejtuara nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb modin BPF_PROG_RUN, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin programet BPF ekzekutohen n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, por kthejn\u00eb rezultatin n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit. Paketat transmetohen duke p\u00ebrdorur n\u00ebn-sistemimin XDP (eXpress Data Path). Mb\u00ebshtetet moda jet\u00ebsore e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb paketave, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn trajtuesi XDP mund t\u00eb drejtoj\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale paketat rrjet\u00ebs n\u00eb stek ose n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb tjera. Gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb krijoni gjenerues programor\u00eb t\u00eb trafikut t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm ose t\u00eb futni korniza rrjet\u00ebs n\u00eb stek.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr programet BPF, t\u00eb lidhura me cgroups rrjet\u00ebs, jan\u00eb propozuar funksione ndihm\u00ebse p\u00ebr vendosjen eksplicite t\u00eb vler\u00ebs, q\u00eb kthehet nga thirrjet sistemore, duke lejuar q\u00eb t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb informacione m\u00eb t\u00eb plota mbi arsyet e bllokimit t\u00eb thirrjes sistemore.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin XDP (eXpress Data Path) \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr paketat e fragmentuara, t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb disa bufe, q\u00eb lejon p\u00ebrpunimin n\u00eb XDP t\u00eb Jumbo-kornizave dhe aplikimin e TSO\/GRO (TCP Segmentation Offload\/Generic Receive Offload) p\u00ebr XDP_REDIRECT.\n<li class=\"l\"> Procesi i fshirjes s\u00eb hap\u00ebsirave rrjet\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm p\u00ebrshpejtuar, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ishte k\u00ebrkuar n\u00eb disa sisteme t\u00eb m\u00ebdha me volum t\u00eb madh t\u00eb trafikut.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pajisjet<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin amdgpu, teknologjia e sinkronizimit adaptiv FreeSync \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar si parazgjedhje, e cila lejon rregullimin e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit t\u00eb informacionit n\u00eb ekran, duke siguruar q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebri dhe munges\u00eb t\u00eb ndarjeve t\u00eb imazhit gjat\u00eb loj\u00ebrave dhe shikimit t\u00eb videove. \u00cbsht\u00eb shpallur mb\u00ebshtetje e q\u00ebndrueshme p\u00ebr GPU-n\u00eb Aldebaran.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin i915 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat Intel Alderlake N dhe kartat grafike discrete Intel DG2-G12 (Arc Alchemist).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin nouveau \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr bitrate m\u00eb t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr interfesat DP\/eDP dhe mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr zgjat\u00ebsit e kabllit lttprs (Link-Training Tunable PHY Repeaters).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin drm (Direct Rendering Manager) n\u00eb drejtuesit armada, exynos, gma500, hyperv, imx, ingenic, mcde, mediatek, msm, omap, rcar-du, rockchip, sprd, sti, tegra, tilcdc, xen dhe vc4 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr parametrin nomodeset, q\u00eb lejon \u00e7aktivizimin e kalimeve t\u00eb modet video n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e mjeteve p\u00ebr akcelerimin harduerik t\u00eb t\u00eb vizatuarit, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00ebm funksionalitetin e lidhur me frame buffer-in e sistemit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr ARM SoC Qualcomm Snapdragon 625\/632 (p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb smartphone-t LG Nexus 5X dhe Fairphone FP3), Samsung Exynos 850, Samsung Exynos 7885 (p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb Samsung Galaxy A8), Airoha (Mediatek\/EcoNet) EN7523, Mediatek mt6582 (tableti Prestigio PMT5008 3G), Microchip Lan966, Renesas RZ\/G2LC, RZ\/V2L, Tesla FSD, TI K3\/AM62 dhe i.MXRTxxxx.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr pajisjet dhe platformat ARM t\u00eb Broadcom (Raspberry Pi Zero 2 W), Qualcomm (Google Herobrine R1 Chromebook, SHIFT6mq, Samsung Galaxy Book2), Rockchip (Pine64 PineNote, Bananapi-R2-Pro, STM32 Emtrion emSBS, Samsung Galaxy Tab S, tableti Prestigio PMT5008 3G), Allwinner (A20-Marsboard), Amlogic (Amediatek X96-AIR, CYX A95XF3-AIR, Haochuangy H96-Max, Amlogic AQ222 dhe OSMC Vero 4K+), Aspeed (Quanta S6Q, ASRock ROMED8HM3), Marvell MVEBU\/Armada (Ctera C200 V1 dhe V2 NAS), Mstar (DongShanPiOne, Miyoo Mini), NXP i.MX (Protonic PRT8MM, emCON-MX8M Mini, Toradex Verdin, Gateworks GW7903).\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr sistemet audio dhe kodek\u00ebt AMD PDM, Atmel PDMC, Awinic AW8738, i.MX TLV320AIC31xx, Intel CS35L41, ESSX8336, Mediatek MT8181, nVidia Tegra234, Qualcomm SC7280, Renesas RZ\/V2L, Texas Instruments TAS585M. Shtimi i nj\u00eb implementimi fillestar t\u00eb drejtuesit t\u00eb audios p\u00ebr \u00e7ipin DSP Intel AVS. P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr drejtuesit p\u00ebr Intel ADL dhe Tegra234, si dhe ndryshime p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur mb\u00ebshtetjen audio n\u00eb pajisjet Dell, HP, Lenovo, ASUS, Samsung dhe Clevo.    <\/ul>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u041e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b  \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 5.18 &#8212; Linux-libre 5.18-gnu, \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442  \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432    \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 MIPI DBI, VPU Amphion, WiFi MediaTek MT7986 WMAC, Mediatek MT7921U (USB) \u0438 Realtek 8852a\/8852c, \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 Intel AVS \u0438  Texas Instruments TAS5805M. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 DTS-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 SoC Qualcomm \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b AArch64. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 AMD GPU, MediaTek MT7915, Silicon Labs WF200+ WiFi, Mellanox Spectru Ethernet, Realtek rtw8852c, Qualcomm Q6V5, Wolfson ADSP, MediaTek HCI UART.                         <\/ul>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=57235\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.18. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0424\u0421 Reiserfs, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 Intel IBT, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 memcpy(), \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 fprobe, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-104123","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 5.18. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0424\u0421 Reiserfs, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 Intel IBT, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0451\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 memcpy(), \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 fprobe, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 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Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme: \u00ebsht\u00eb kryer nj\u00eb pastrim i madh i funksionaliteteve t\u00eb vjetra, \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur e vjetruar FS Reiserfs, jan\u00eb realizuar ngjarjet e gjurmimit t\u00eb proceseve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin e bllokimit t\u00eb funksionit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrdorimeve Intel IBT, \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar nj\u00eb modalitet p\u00ebr identifikimin e mbushjeve t\u00eb tampon\u00ebve gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb funksionit memcpy(), \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr ndjekjen e thirrjeve t\u00eb funksioneve fprobe, \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur performanca e planifikuesit.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-5-18","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c 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