{"id":105506,"date":"2022-11-09T03:36:39","date_gmt":"2022-11-09T01:36:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/uyazvimost-v-proshivkah-uefi-pozvolyayushhaya-vypolnit-kod-na-urovne-smm"},"modified":"2022-11-09T03:36:39","modified_gmt":"2022-11-09T01:36:39","slug":"uyazvimost-v-proshivkah-uefi-pozvolyayushhaya-vypolnit-kod-na-urovne-smm","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/uyazvimost-v-proshivkah-uefi-pozvolyayushhaya-vypolnit-kod-na-urovne-smm","title":{"rendered":"Dob\u00ebsi n\u00eb firmware-t UEFI q\u00eb lejon ekzekutimin e kodit n\u00eb nivelin SMM","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Informacioni mbi nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet (CVE-2021-33164) n\u00eb firmware-t UEFI \u00ebsht\u00eb zbuluar, i cili lejon ekzekutimin e kodit n\u00eb nivelin SMM (System Management Mode), m\u00eb prioritare se moda e hipervizorit dhe unaza e mbrojtjes zero, duke ofruar akses t\u00eb pakufizuar n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb memorin\u00eb sistemike. Vulnerabiliteti, i njohur me emrin kodues RingHopper, \u00ebsht\u00eb i lidhur me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e kryerjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb sulmi n\u00eb koh\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur DMA (Direct Memory Access) p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar memorin\u00eb n\u00eb kodin q\u00eb ekzekutohet n\u00eb nivelin SMM. Prania e vulnerabilitetit \u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmuar n\u00eb firmware-t e Intel, Dell dhe Insyde Software (raportohet se \u00e7\u00ebshtja prek 8 prodhues, por 5 t\u00eb tjer\u00eb ende nuk jan\u00eb zbuluar). Firmware-t e AMD, Phoenix dhe Toshiba nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb prekur nga problemi. <\/p>\n

Eksploitimi i vulnerabiliteteve mund t\u00eb realizohet nga sistemi operativ, duke p\u00ebrdorur menaxher\u00ebt e SMI-t (System Management Interrupt) t\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme t\u00eb drejtat e administratorit. Sulmi gjithashtu mund t\u00eb realizohet n\u00ebse ka qasje fizike n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e hershme t\u00eb bootimit, p\u00ebrpara inicializimit t\u00eb sistemit operativ. P\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar problemin, p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb Linux i rekomandohet t\u00eb azhurnojn\u00eb firmware-in n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet sh\u00ebrbimit LVFS (Linux Vendor Firmware Service), duke p\u00ebrdorur utilitarin fwupdmgr (fwupdmgr get-updates; fwupdmgr update) nga paketa fwupd. <\/p>\n

K\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat e administratorit p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer sulmin e kufizon rrezikun e problemit, por nuk pengon p\u00ebrdorimin e tij si nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur pranin\u00eb e tij pas shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb vulnerabiliteteve t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb sistem ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb aplikuar metoda inxhinierike sociale. Aksesimi n\u00eb SMM (Ring -2) lejon ekzekutimin e kodit n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel q\u00eb nuk kontrollohet nga sistemi operativ, i cili mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb modifikuar firmware-t dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb SPI Flash kodin e keqdash\u00ebsit t\u00eb fshehur ose rootkits, t\u00eb paidentifikuesh\u00ebm nga sistemi operativ, si dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar verifikimin n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e bootimit (UEFI Secure Boot, Intel BootGuard) dhe sulme ndaj hipervizor\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar mekanizmat e kontrollit t\u00eb integritetit t\u00eb mjediseve virtuale. <\/p>\n

Problemi shkaktohet nga nj\u00eb gjendje garash n\u00eb trajtuesin SMI (System Management Interrupt), e cila ndodh n\u00eb momentin midis kontrollit t\u00eb aksesit dhe referenc\u00ebs n\u00eb SMRAM. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar momentin e duhur midis kontrollit t\u00eb gjendjes dhe p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb rezultatit t\u00eb kontrollit mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret analiza p\u00ebrmes kanaleve t\u00eb jashtme me ndihm\u00ebn e DMA. Si rezultat, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs asinkrone t\u00eb aksesit n\u00eb SMRAM p\u00ebrmes DMA, sulmuesi mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb momentin e duhur dhe t\u00eb rind\u00ebrtoj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e SMRAM duke p\u00ebrdorur DMA p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar API-n\u00eb e trajtuesit SMI. Procesor\u00ebt q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin mekanizmat Intel-VT dhe Intel VT-d p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb mbrojtje nga sulmet DMA, e cila bazohet n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e IOMMU (Input-Output Memory Management Unit), por kjo mbrojtje \u00ebsht\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr bllokimin e sulmeve hardware DMA, t\u00eb kryera me ndihm\u00ebn e pajisjeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitura nga sulmuesit, dhe nuk mbron nga sulmet p\u00ebrmes trajtuesve SMI.
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Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CVE-2021-33164) \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445 UEFI, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 SMM (System Management Mode), \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f RingHopper, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 DMA (Direct Memory Access) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-105506","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Vulnerabiliteti n\u00eb firmware-t UEFI q\u00eb lejon ekzekutimin e kodit n\u00eb nivelin SMM | ProHoster","description":"Informacionet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb dob\u00ebsi (CVE-2021-33164) n\u00eb firmware-t UEFI jan\u00eb zbuluar, e cila lejon ekzekutimin e kodit n\u00eb nivelin SMM (System Management Mode), m\u00eb t\u00eb privilegjuar se m\u00ebnyra e hipervizorit dhe e zeroth, 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