{"id":106979,"date":"2023-03-01T12:48:41","date_gmt":"2023-03-01T10:48:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=106979"},"modified":"2023-03-01T13:43:17","modified_gmt":"2023-03-01T11:43:17","slug":"microsoft-otkryl-cheriot-apparatnoe-reshenie-dlya-povysheniya-bezopasnosti-koda-na-yazyke-si","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/microsoft-otkryl-cheriot-apparatnoe-reshenie-dlya-povysheniya-bezopasnosti-koda-na-yazyke-si","title":{"rendered":"Microsoft ka hapur CHERIoT, nj\u00eb zgjidhje harduese p\u00ebr rritjen e siguris\u00eb s\u00eb kodit n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn C","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Kompania Microsoft ka hapur zhvillimet e lidhura me projektin CHERIoT (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V for Internet of Things), i cili ka si q\u00ebllim bllokimin e problemeve me sigurin\u00eb n\u00eb kodin ekzistues n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt C dhe C++. CHERIoT ofron nj\u00eb zgjidhje q\u00eb siguron mbrojtjen e bazave t\u00eb kodit ekzistente n\u00eb C\/C++ pa pasur nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr riem\u00ebrtes\u00eb. Mbrojtja realizohet p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb kompilersh t\u00eb modifikuar, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb set t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb instruksioneve t\u00eb zgjeruara t\u00eb procesorit (ISA), t\u00eb cilat ofrohen nga procesori dhe q\u00eb n\u00eb nivel hardueri ndjekin qasjen n\u00eb memorie, kontrollojn\u00eb korrekt\u00ebsin\u00eb e operacioneve me tregues dhe sigurojn\u00eb izolimin e blloqeve t\u00eb kodit. <\/p>\n

Projekti \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar duke pasur parasysh karakterin e nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs C, q\u00eb b\u00ebhet burim gabimesh gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs me memorien, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb probleme t\u00eb tilla si mbushja e buffer-it, akses n\u00eb memorien e \u00e7liruar, dereferencimi i pointer-ave ose lirimi i dyfisht\u00eb i memories. Praktika tregon se edhe korporata t\u00eb m\u00ebdha si Google dhe Microsoft, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb nj\u00eb politik\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb rishikimi t\u00eb ndryshimeve dhe p\u00ebrdorin metoda moderne t\u00eb zhvillimit dhe mjete t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs statike, nuk mund t\u00eb garantojn\u00eb munges\u00ebn e gabimeve n\u00eb pun\u00ebn me memorien (p.sh., rreth 70% e dob\u00ebsive n\u00eb produktet software t\u00eb Microsoft dhe Google shkaktohen nga puna e pasigurt me memorien). <\/p>\n

Problemi mund t\u00eb zgjidhet duke p\u00ebrdorur gjuh\u00eb programimi q\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt me memorien, ose ndihma me kontrolle shtes\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, duke p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb vend t\u00eb treguesve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm tipin MiraclePtr (raw_ptr), i cili kryen kontrollime shtes\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje me qasje n\u00eb zona t\u00eb lira t\u00eb memories. Por k\u00ebto metoda jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr kodin e ri, nd\u00ebrsa ri-nd\u00ebrtimi i projekteve ekzistuese n\u00eb C\/C++ \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft problematik, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00ebse ato jan\u00eb t\u00eb destinuara p\u00ebr t'u ekzekutuar n\u00eb mjedise me burime t\u00eb kufizuara, si sistemet e integruara dhe pajisjet e Internetit t\u00eb Gj\u00ebrave. <\/p>\n

\u0410\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b CHERIoT \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b RISC-V, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 CHERI (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 «capability» (\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f). \u041d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432 CHERIoT \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 (ISA) \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c C\/C++, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0451 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c ISA CHERIoT). <\/p>\n

Zgjidhja e propozuar lejon bllokimin e gabimeve q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb daljen p\u00ebrjashta kufijve t\u00eb objektit n\u00eb memorie, nuk lejon nd\u00ebrrimin e treguesve (t\u00eb gjitha treguesit duhet t\u00eb lindin nga tregues t\u00eb ekzistuesh\u00ebm), ndjek aksesin n\u00eb memori pas \u00e7lirimit (\u00e7do akses n\u00eb memori p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb treguesi t\u00eb gabuar ose nj\u00eb treguesi q\u00eb referon te nj\u00eb objekt t\u00eb \u00e7liruar ndjek si rezultat gjenerimin e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtimi). P\u00ebr shembull, aplikimi i CHERIoT lejon realizimin e kontrollit automatik t\u00eb kufijve, ndjekjen e jet\u00ebs s\u00eb hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb memories dhe sigurimin e integritetit t\u00eb treguesve n\u00eb komponent\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrpunojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb pavler\u00ebsuara, pa b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime n\u00eb kod. <\/p>\n

Projekti p\u00ebrfshin specifikimin e arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb avancuar t\u00eb grupit t\u00eb komandave CHERIoT, nj\u00eb implementim referenc\u00eb t\u00eb CPU RISC-V 32-bit me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ISA CHERIoT dhe nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb modifikuar LLVM. Skemat e prototipit t\u00eb CPU dhe p\u00ebrshkrimet e blloqeve harduerike n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Verilog shp\u00ebrndahen n\u00ebn licenc\u00ebn Apache 2.0. Si baz\u00eb p\u00ebr CPU \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur b\u00ebrthama Ibex nga projekti lowRISC. Modeli i kodit t\u00eb CHERIoT ISA \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Sail dhe shp\u00ebrndahen n\u00ebn licenc\u00ebn BSD. <\/p>\n

Propozimi p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb prototip t\u00eb sistemit operativ t\u00eb koh\u00ebs reale CHERIoT RTOS, q\u00eb ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e izolimit t\u00eb kompartmenteve (compartment) edhe n\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb integruara me 256 MB RAM. Kodi i CHERIoT RTOS \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn C++ dhe shp\u00ebrndahet n\u00ebn licenc\u00ebn MIT. Komponent\u00ebt baz\u00eb t\u00eb sistemit operativ jan\u00eb organizuar n\u00eb forma kompartmente, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb ngarkuesi, planifikuesi dhe sistemi i ndarjes s\u00eb memories. <\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb kompartament n\u00eb CHERIoT RTOS p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb kombinim t\u00eb izoluar t\u00eb kodit dhe variablave global\u00eb, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngjashme me nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb ndar\u00eb, por ndryshe nga ky i fundit, mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb gjendjen e saj (mutable) dhe t\u00eb ekzekutohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb kontekst t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb siguris\u00eb. Asnj\u00eb kod jasht\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb kontrollin n\u00eb kodin brenda kompartamentit dhe t\u00eb aksesoj\u00eb objektet, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 n\u00ebse i drejtohet pikave t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb hyrjes dhe p\u00ebrdoruesit t\u00eb treguesve t\u00eb objekteve q\u00eb jan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb qart\u00eb gjat\u00eb thirrjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb kompartamenti tjet\u00ebr. Integriteti dhe konfidencialiteti p\u00ebr kodin dhe objektet globale brenda kompartamentit garantohen.
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Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Microsoft \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c CHERIoT (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V for Internet of Things), \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445 C \u0438 \u0421++. CHERIoT \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0421\/C++ \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438. \u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-106979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Microsoft hapi CHERIoT, nj\u00eb zgjidhje harduerike p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur sigurin\u00eb e kodit n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn C | ProHoster","description":"Kompania Microsoft ka hapur zhvillimet q\u00eb lidhen me projektin CHERIoT (Capability Hardware Extension to RISC-V p\u00ebr Internetin e Gj\u00ebrave), i cili synon t\u00eb bllokoj\u00eb problemet me sigurin\u00eb n\u00eb kodin ekzistues n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebt C dhe C++. CHERIoT ofron nj\u00eb zgjidhje q\u00eb lejon mbrojtjen e bazave ekzistuese t\u00eb kodit n\u00eb C\/C++ pa pasur nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ristrukturim. 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