{"id":107802,"date":"2023-04-11T12:48:10","date_gmt":"2023-04-11T10:48:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/?p=107802"},"modified":"2023-04-12T10:36:30","modified_gmt":"2023-04-12T08:36:30","slug":"reliz-freebsd-13-2-s-podderzhkoj-netlink-i-wireguard","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/reliz-freebsd-13-2-s-podderzhkoj-netlink-i-wireguard","title":{"rendered":"Publikohet FreeBSD 13.2 me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr Netlink dhe WireGuard","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas 11 muajve zhvillimi, \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar edicioni FreeBSD 13.2. Imazhet instalues jan\u00eb formuar p\u00ebr arkitekturat amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 dhe riscv64. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur nd\u00ebrtimet p\u00ebr sistemet e virtualizimit (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) dhe mjediset cloud si Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine dhe Vagrant.    <\/p>\n<p>Ndryshimet kryesore:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e krijimit t\u00eb snapshoteve t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve UFS dhe FFS, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar regjistrimi (soft updates). Po ashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ruajtjen e sfondit t\u00eb dump-eve (n\u00eb funksion me flamurin &#171;-L&#187;) me p\u00ebrmbajtjen e sistemeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve UFS t\u00eb montuara me regjistrim t\u00eb aktivizuar. Nga mund\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme kur p\u00ebrdoret regjistrimi, mbetet ekzekutimi n\u00eb sfond i kontrollit t\u00eb integritetit me ndihm\u00ebn e mjetit fsck.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar drejtuesi n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs wg me implementimin e nd\u00ebrfaqes rrjet\u00ebsore p\u00ebr  <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"248\">VPN<\/a> WireGuard. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur algoritmet kriptografik\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr drejtuesin, \u00ebsht\u00eb kryer zgjerimi i API-s\u00eb s\u00eb kriptosistemit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs FreeBSD, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje q\u00eb lejon p\u00ebrdorimin p\u00ebrmes API-s\u00eb standarde t\u00eb kriptos\u00eb algoritme q\u00eb nuk mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb FreeBSD nga biblioteka libsodium. Gjat\u00eb procesit t\u00eb zhvillimit \u00ebsht\u00eb kryer gjithashtu optimizimi p\u00ebr balancimin e barabart\u00eb t\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb detyrave t\u00eb enkriptimit dhe dekriptimit t\u00eb paketeve me b\u00ebrthamat e CPU-s\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ka lejuar reduktimin e kostove operative gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb paketeve WireGuard.\n<p>Tentativa e kaluar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfshirjen e WireGuard n\u00eb FreeBSD u b\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2020, por p\u00ebrfundoi me nj\u00eb skandal, gjat\u00eb t\u00eb cilit kodi i shtuar u hoq p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ul\u00ebt, menaxhimit t\u00eb pap\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm t\u00eb bufereve, p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjeve n\u00eb vend t\u00eb kontrolleve, implementimit t\u00eb pap\u00ebrfunduar t\u00eb protokollit dhe shkeljes s\u00eb licenc\u00ebs GPL. Implementimi i ri \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me ekipet kryesore t\u00eb zhvilluesve t\u00eb FreeBSD dhe WireGuard me pjes\u00ebmarrjen e Jason Donenfeld, autorit t\u00eb VPN WireGuard, dhe John Baldwin, zhvillues t\u00eb njohur t\u00eb FreeBSD. Para miratimit t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb ri, me mb\u00ebshtetje nga organizata FreeBSD Foundation, \u00ebsht\u00eb kryer nj\u00eb rishikim i plot\u00eb i ndryshimeve.    <\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr protokollin komunikues Netlink (RFC 3549) \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar, i p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb Linux p\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar nd\u00ebrveprimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs me proceset n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit. Projekti kufizohet n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb familjes s\u00eb operacioneve NETLINK_ROUTE p\u00ebr menaxhimin e gjendjes s\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemit t\u00eb rrjetit n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, duke lejuar p\u00ebrdorimin e mjetit Linux ip nga paketa iproute2 p\u00ebr menaxhimin e nd\u00ebrfaqeve rrjet\u00ebsore, vendosjen <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/lir\/ipv4\/\"   title=\"IP-adresat\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"865\">IP-adresat<\/a>, konfigurimin e routing-ut dhe manipulimin e objekteve nexthop, t\u00eb cilat ruajn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat mbi gjendjen e p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar paket\u00ebn n\u00eb destinacionin e d\u00ebshiruar.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha skedar\u00ebt ekzekutues t\u00eb sistemit baz\u00eb n\u00eb platformat 64-bit, \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar rast\u00ebsimi i hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs adresuese (ASLR, Address Space Layout Randomization) si parazgjedhje. P\u00ebr t\u00eb shk\u00ebputur ASLR-n\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren komandat &#171;proccontrol -m aslr -s disable&#187; ose &#171;elfctl -e +noaslr&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb ipfw, p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar adresat MAC, jan\u00eb angazhuar tabelat baz\u00eb (Radix table), q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb krijimin e tabelave me adresat MAC dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e tyre p\u00ebr filtrimin e trafik. P\u00ebr shembull: ipfw table 1 create type mac ipfw table 1 add 11:22:33:44:55:66\/48 ipfw add skipto tablearg src-mac &#8216;table(1)&#8217; ipfw add deny src-mac &#8216;table(1, 100)&#8217; ipfw add deny lookup dst-mac 1\n<li class=\"l\"> Modulet e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dpdk_lpm4 dhe dpdk_lpm6 me implementimin e algoritmit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve DIR-24-8 p\u00ebr IPv4\/IPv6 jan\u00eb shtuar dhe jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme p\u00ebr t'u ngarkuar p\u00ebrmes loader.conf, i cili optimizon funksionalitetin e routing-ut p\u00ebr hostet me tabela shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha rrug\u00ebsh (n\u00eb testime v\u00ebrehet nj\u00eb rritje e shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin 25%). P\u00ebr konfigurimin e moduleve mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret utilitarja standarde route (\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni FIB_ALGO).\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementimi i sistemit dosjeve ZFS \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar deri n\u00eb l\u00ebshimin OpenZFS 2.1.9. N\u00eb skriptin e nisjes zfskeys, \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar ngarkimi automatik i \u00e7el\u00ebsave t\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb sistemin ZFS. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb RC-skript i ri zpoolreguid p\u00ebr caktimin e identifikuesit GUID p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ose disa zpool (p\u00ebr shembull, e dobishme p\u00ebr mjediset e virtualizimit me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb hipervizorin Bhyve dhe modulin vmm, \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr lidhjen e m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 15 CPU-ve virtuale me sistemin e mysafir\u00ebve (rregullohet p\u00ebrmes sysctl hw.vmm.maxcpu). N\u00eb utilitarin bhyve \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar emulimi i pajisjes virtio-input, me an\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs mund t\u00eb fusin ngjarje t\u00eb input-it nga tastiera dhe maus n\u00eb sistemin e mysafiut.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb KTLS, implementimi i protokollit TLS, i cili punon n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs FreeBSD, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr akcelerimin harduerik TLS 1.3, duke transferuar disa operacione q\u00eb lidhen me p\u00ebrpunimin e paketave t\u00eb kriptuara n\u00eb kart\u00ebn rrjet\u00eb. M\u00eb par\u00eb, nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi e till\u00eb ishte e disponueshme p\u00ebr TLS 1.1 dhe TLS 1.2.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb skriptin fillestar growfs, kur zgjeron sistemin e skedar\u00ebve rr\u00ebnjor, \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar shtimi i nj\u00eb seksioni swap, n\u00ebse nj\u00eb seksion i till\u00eb mungon fillimisht (p.sh., e dobishme gjat\u00eb instalimit n\u00eb nj\u00eb kart\u00eb SD t\u00eb nj\u00eb imazhi t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm). P\u00ebr menaxhimin e madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb swap-it \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb paramet\u00ebr i ri growfs_swap_size n\u00eb rc.conf.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb skriptin fillestar hostid, \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar gjenerimi i nj\u00eb UUID t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb rastet kur skeda \/etc\/hostid mungon dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb merret UUID nga hardueri. Gjithashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar skeda \/etc\/machine-id me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim kompakt t\u00eb identifikuesit t\u00eb hostit (pa ndar\u00ebs).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb rc.conf jan\u00eb shtuar variablat defaultrouter_fibN dhe ipv6_defaultrouter_fibN, p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilave mund t\u00eb shtoni rrug\u00eb t\u00eb paracaktuara n\u00eb tabelat FIB, t\u00eb ndryshme nga t\u00eb parat.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn libmd \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr hash-at SHA-512\/224.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn pthread \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr semantik\u00ebn e funksioneve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb kdump \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr dekodimin e thirrjeve t\u00eb sistemit n\u00eb Linux. N\u00eb kdump dhe sysdecode \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr gjurmimin e thirrjeve t\u00eb sistemit n\u00eb stilin e Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mjetin killall \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb sinjalit p\u00ebr proceset e lidhura me nj\u00eb terminal t\u00eb caktuar (p\u00ebr shembull, &#171;killall -t pts\/1&#187;).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar utilitari nproc p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar numrin e nj\u00ebsive llogarithm\u00ebse t\u00eb disponueshme p\u00ebr procesin aktual.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb utilitarin pciconf \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr dekodimin e parametrave ACS (Sh\u00ebrbimet e Kontrollit t\u00eb Qasjes).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar konfiguroja SPLIT_KERNEL_DEBUG, e cila lejon ruajtjen e informacionit p\u00ebrdebugues p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn dhe modulet e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs n\u00eb skedar\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb ABI linux \u00ebsht\u00eb gati p\u00ebrfundimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr mekanizmin vDSO (objekte dinamike t\u00eb ndara virtuale), q\u00eb ofron nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb kufizuar t\u00eb thirrjeve t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb aksesueshme n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit pa nd\u00ebrrim konteksti. ABI linux n\u00eb sistemet ARM64 \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me implementimin p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn AMD64.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar mb\u00ebshtetje e harduerit. Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr monitorimin e performanc\u00ebs (hwpmc) p\u00ebr CPU Intel Alder Lake. P\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar drajveri iwlwifi p\u00ebr kartat pa tel Intel me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr \u00e7ipet e rinj dhe standardin 802.11ac. Shtuar drajveri rtw88 p\u00ebr kartat pa tel Realtek me nd\u00ebrfaqen PCI. Zgjeruar mo\u017enostet e shtres\u00ebs linuxkpi p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb FreeBSD t\u00eb drajver\u00ebve Linux.\n<li class=\"l\"> Biblioteka OpenSSL \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin 1.1.1t, LLVM\/Clang n\u00eb versionin 14.0.5, dhe sh\u00ebrbimi dhe klienti SSH jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb OpenSSH 9.2p1 (n\u00eb versionin e kaluar ishte p\u00ebrdorur OpenSSH 8.8p1). Gjithashtu, jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar versionet e bc 6.2.4, expat 2.5.0, file 5.43, less 608, libarchive 3.6.2, sendmail 8.17.1, sqlite 3.40.1, unbound 1.17.1, zlib 1.2.13.    <\/ul>\n<p>P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb njoftuar kalimi n\u00eb statusin e vjetruar dhe heqja e, duke filluar nga dega FreeBSD 14.0, fjal\u00ebkalimeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme OPIE, drajver\u00ebve ce dhe cp, drajver\u00ebve p\u00ebr karta me nd\u00ebrfaqen ISA, utilitaret mergemaster dhe minigzip, komponenteve ATM n\u00eb netgraph (NgATM), procesit t\u00eb pasagjer\u00ebve telnetd dhe klas\u00ebs VINUM n\u00eb geom.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=58946\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 11 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 FreeBSD 13.2. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 amd64, i386, powerpc, powerpc64, powerpc64le, powerpcspe, armv6, armv7, aarch64 \u0438 riscv64. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (QCOW2, VHD, VMDK, raw) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Amazon EC2, Google Compute Engine \u0438 Vagrant. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0448\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c UFS \u0438 FFS, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-107802","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - 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