{"id":110721,"date":"2023-10-10T15:10:19","date_gmt":"2023-10-10T13:10:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/google-perepisal-na-yazyke-rust-proshivku-pvmfm-ispolzuemuyu-v-android"},"modified":"2023-10-10T15:10:19","modified_gmt":"2023-10-10T13:10:19","slug":"google-perepisal-na-yazyke-rust-proshivku-pvmfm-ispolzuemuyu-v-android","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/google-perepisal-na-yazyke-rust-proshivku-pvmfm-ispolzuemuyu-v-android","title":{"rendered":"Google e rishkroi n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust firmuerin pvmfm t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb Android","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit t\u00eb siguris\u00eb s\u00eb komponent\u00ebve kritik\u00eb softuerik\u00eb n\u00eb platform\u00ebn Android, kompania Google e rifashoi firmware-in pvmfm n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust, i cili p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar funksionimin e makinave virtuale q\u00eb aktivizohen nga hipervizori pVM, pjes\u00eb e Android Virtualization Framework. M\u00eb par\u00eb firmware-i ishte shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn C dhe ishte implementuar mbi ngarkuesin U-Boot, n\u00eb kodin e t\u00eb cilit ishin zbuluar m\u00eb par\u00eb dob\u00ebsi t\u00eb shkaktuara nga probleme me menaxhimin e memories. <\/p>\n

Firmware-i i rifashuar n\u00eb Rust \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb Android 14, nd\u00ebrsa bibliotekat universale t\u00eb krijuara gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb firmware-it jan\u00eb formuar n\u00eb form\u00ebn e paketave crate dhe jan\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar n\u00eb komunitetin Rust. P\u00ebr shembull, \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar paketa smccc p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeve ARM PSCI (Power State Coordination Interface) dhe thirrjeve SMCCC (SMC Calling Convention), si dhe paketa aarch64-paging p\u00ebr manipulimin e tabelave t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories. Gjithashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb punuar p\u00ebr eliminimin e gabimeve dhe zgjerimin e funksionalitetit t\u00eb paket\u00ebs ekzistuese virtio-drivers me implementimin e driver-\u00ebve VirtIO. Ndaj platform\u00ebs Android, k\u00ebto paketa jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur edhe n\u00eb projektin Oak, i cili zhvillon komponent\u00eb p\u00ebr transmetimin, ruajtjen dhe p\u00ebrpunimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb mjedise t\u00eb sigurta (TEE, Mjedisi i Ekzekutimit t\u00eb Besuar). <\/p>\n

Hipervizori pVM merr kontrollin n\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb hershme t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs dhe siguron izolimin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb memories makinat virtuale<\/a> dhe mjedisit host, duke mos lejuar q\u00eb sistemi host t\u00eb ket\u00eb qasje n\u00eb makinat virtuale t\u00eb mbrojtura, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrfundohen t\u00eb dh\u00ebna konfidenciale. Firmware-i pvmfm (Protected Virtual Machine Firmware) merr kontrollin menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas fillimit t\u00eb makin\u00ebs virtuale, kryen verifikimin e mjedisit t\u00eb krijuar dhe merr vendimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb ngarkimin n\u00eb rast t\u00eb identifikimit t\u00eb problemeve me integritetin ose gjeneron nj\u00eb certifikat\u00eb ngarkimi p\u00ebr sistemin mysafir n\u00eb rast t\u00eb konfirmimit t\u00eb zinxhirit t\u00eb besimit. <\/p>\n

Rivendosja n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust lejon arritjen e nj\u00eb zbatimi m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt t\u00eb \"rregullit t\u00eb dy\" q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nga Google p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur sigurin\u00eb e komponent\u00ebve sistemor\u00eb t\u00eb Android. Sipas k\u00ebtij rregulli, \u00e7do kod i shtuar duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitoj\u00eb nga jo m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy kushte nga tre: t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb paverifikuara, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb programimi t\u00eb pasigurt (C\/C++) dhe t\u00eb ekzekutohet me privilegje t\u00eb rritura. Nga ky rregull del se kodi p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb jashtme duhet ose t\u00eb jet\u00eb i reduktuar n\u00eb privilegje minimale (izoluese), ose t\u00eb shkruhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb programimi t\u00eb sigurt. Sipas statistikave t\u00eb Google, rreth 70% e t\u00eb gjitha dob\u00ebsive t\u00eb rrezikshme t\u00eb identifikuara n\u00eb Android shkaktohen nga gabime n\u00eb menaxhimin e memories. <\/p>\n

Rust fokusohet n\u00eb pun\u00ebn e sigurt me memorien dhe lejon uljen e rrezikut t\u00eb shfaqjes s\u00eb dob\u00ebsive, shkaktuar nga probleme si referimi n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb memorien pas lirimit t\u00eb saj dhe dalja p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb tamponit. Puna e sigurt me memorien n\u00eb Rust sigurohet n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e p\u00ebrpunimit p\u00ebrmes verifikimit t\u00eb referencave, ndjekjes s\u00eb pron\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb objekteve dhe marrjes parasysh t\u00eb koh\u00ebzgjatjes s\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb objekteve (zonave t\u00eb dukshme), si dhe duke vler\u00ebsuar sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e aksesit n\u00eb memorie gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb kodit. Rust gjithashtu ofron mjete p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga mbingarkesat numerike, k\u00ebrkon inicializimin e detyruar t\u00eb vlerave t\u00eb variablave para p\u00ebrdorimit, trajton m\u00eb mir\u00eb gabimet n\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn standarde, aplikon konceptin e referencave dhe variablave t\u00eb pandryshuesh\u00ebm (immutable) si dhe ofron nj\u00eb tipizim t\u00eb fort\u00eb statik p\u00ebr minimizimin e gabimeve logjike. <\/p>\n

Nga v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb shfaqen n\u00eb procesin e zhvillimit t\u00eb komponenteve t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb drejtorit\u00eb, p\u00ebrmendet nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me tregues t\u00eb past\u00ebr n\u00eb modin unsafe, pasi Rust \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar me p\u00ebrkushtimin p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e memorjes q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rezervuar n\u00eb program, dhe n\u00eb kodin q\u00eb punon pa shtresa mbi harduerin, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb referoheni n\u00eb memorien e ndar\u00eb dhe MMIO. Aktualisht, mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e Rust p\u00ebrpunimin me tregues t\u00eb past\u00ebr l\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar, por situata duhet t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb pas stabilizimit t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr makrot e offset_of, slice_ptr_get dhe slice_ptr_len. <\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga disavantazhet \u00ebsht\u00eb nevoja p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sintaks\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb fushat e strukturave dhe indekset e masiv\u00ebve p\u00ebrmes treguesve t\u00eb past\u00ebr pa krijuar lidhje, si dhe kufizimet n\u00eb krijimin e mb\u00ebshtjelljeve t\u00eb sigurta mbi operacionet e pa sigurta, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb sjellje t\u00eb pasigurt dhe nuk mund t\u00eb verifikohen nga kompajleri. P\u00ebr shembull, mb\u00ebshtjelljet e tilla nuk mund t\u00eb krijohen p\u00ebr operacionet me tabelat e faqeve t\u00eb memories, pasi mapimi i faqeve n\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb programit mund t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb tjera. <\/p>\n

Sa i p\u00ebrket madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb kodit p\u00ebrfundimtar, varianti i vjet\u00ebr i firmware pVM kishte nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi prej 220 kB, nd\u00ebrsa i ri \u2014 460 kB, por n\u00eb t\u00eb u shtuan mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb mundur heqjen e disa komponimeve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura gjat\u00eb ngarkimit. Si rezultat, p\u00ebrmbledhja e gjith\u00eb komponent\u00ebve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr dhe t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb ngarkimit u b\u00eb ekuivalente. Vlen t\u00eb theksohet se kur madh\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme se performanca, rezultate t\u00eb krahasueshme me gjuh\u00ebn C mund t\u00eb arrihen duke aktivizuar n\u00eb kompilator modalitete t\u00eb tjera optimizimi p\u00ebr madh\u00ebsin\u00eb, duke hequr var\u00ebsi t\u00eb panevojshme dhe duke mos p\u00ebrdorur mjete p\u00ebr formatimin e vargjeve. <\/p>\n

Po ashtu, p\u00ebrmendet vazhdimi i pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr realizimin e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e aplikacioneve t\u00eb besueshme t\u00eb shkruara n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust (Trusted Application) n\u00eb sistemin operativ Trusty, q\u00eb ofron nj\u00eb mjedis TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) p\u00ebr Android, ekzekutuese paralelisht me Android n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin procesor n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis t\u00eb izoluar. Trusty aplikohet n\u00eb pajisjet Pixel dhe tashm\u00eb p\u00ebrdor Rust n\u00eb bibliotekat dhe komponent\u00ebt sistemik\u00eb (n\u00eb nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, b\u00ebrthama mbetet n\u00eb C).
\n
Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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