Administrator i serverit Jabber jabber.ru (xmpp.ru) ka zbuluar nj\u00eb sulm p\u00ebr dekriptimin e trafikut t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve (MITM), i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u kryer p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb prej 90 dit\u00ebsh deri n\u00eb 6 muaj n\u00eb rrjetet e ofruesve t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb mbajtjes gjermane Hetzner dhe Linode, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur serveri i projektit dhe ambientet VPS ndihm\u00ebse. Sulmi \u00ebsht\u00eb organizuar p\u00ebrmes ridrejtimit t\u00eb trafikut n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb kalimi, q\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebson certifikat\u00ebn TLS p\u00ebr lidhjet XMPP, t\u00eb koduara me p\u00ebrdorimin e zgjatimit STARTTLS. <\/p>\n
Sulmi u v\u00ebrejt p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb gabimi t\u00eb organizator\u00ebve t\u00eb tij, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb rinovonin certifikat\u00ebn TLS, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej p\u00ebr z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim. M\u00eb 16 tetor, administrator i jabber.ru, gjat\u00eb tentativ\u00ebs p\u00ebr t'u lidhur me sh\u00ebrbimin, mori nj\u00eb mesazh gabimi p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb skadimit t\u00eb certifikat\u00ebs, por certifikata e vendosur n\u00eb server nuk ishte e skaduar. N\u00eb fund u zbulua se certifikata q\u00eb merrte klienti ishte e ndryshme nga certifikata q\u00eb d\u00ebrgohej nga serveri. E para e rreme TLS-certifikat<\/a> u pranua m\u00eb 18 prill 2023 p\u00ebrmes sh\u00ebrbimit Let’s Encrypt, ku nj\u00eb sulmues, duke pasur mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kapur trafik, arriti t\u00eb konfirmoj\u00eb aksesin n\u00eb sitet jabber.ru dhe xmpp.ru. <\/p>\n Fillimisht u shfaq dyshimi p\u00ebr komprometimin e serverit t\u00eb projektit dhe p\u00ebr nj\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim n\u00eb an\u00ebn e tij. Por auditi i kryer nuk zbuloi asnj\u00eb shenj\u00eb t\u00eb thyerjes. N\u00eb lidhje me k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb logun e serverit u v\u00ebrejt nj\u00eb ndalese dhe rihapje t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohshme t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqes rrjet\u00eb (NIC Link is Down\/NIC Link is Up), e cila u krye m\u00eb 18 korrik n\u00eb 12:58 dhe mund t\u00eb tregonte p\u00ebr manipulime me lidhjen e serverit me switch-in. E ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se dy certifikata TLS fals ishin gjeneruar disa minuta para k\u00ebsaj - m\u00eb 18 korrik n\u00eb 12:49 dhe 12:38. <\/p>\n P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimi nuk u krye vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rrjetin e ofruesit Hetzner, ku ndodhet serveri kryesor, por edhe n\u00eb rrjetin e ofruesit Linode, ku ishin vendosur ambientet VPS me proxy ndihm\u00ebse, q\u00eb ridrejtonin trafikun nga adresa t\u00eb tjera. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb indirekte, u zbulua se trafiku n\u00eb portin rrjet\u00ebsor 5222 (XMPP STARTTLS) n\u00eb rrjetet e t\u00eb dy ofruesve ridrejtohej p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb hosti shtes\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb jepte arsyen p\u00ebr t\u00eb besuar se sulmi ishte kryer nga nj\u00eb person q\u00eb kishte akses n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn e ofruesve. <\/p>\n Teoretikisht, z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimi mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndodhur q\u00eb nga 18 prilli (data e krijimit t\u00eb certifikat\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb rreme p\u00ebr jabber.ru), por rastet e konfirmuara t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit t\u00eb certifikat\u00ebs jan\u00eb regjistruar vet\u00ebm nga 21 korriku deri m\u00eb 19 tetor; gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb k\u00ebtij koh\u00eb, shk\u00ebmbimi i dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb koduara me jabber.ru dhe xmpp.ru mund t\u00eb konsiderohet i komprometuar. Z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimi u ndal pasi nisi hetimi, u kryen teste dhe m\u00eb 18 tetor u d\u00ebrgua nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb ofruesve Hetzner dhe Linode. Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb kalim shtes\u00eb gjat\u00eb ruteve t\u00eb paketave q\u00eb d\u00ebrgoheshin n\u00eb portin 5222 t\u00eb nj\u00eb rit server\u00ebsh<\/a> n\u00eb Linode, v\u00ebrehet ende tani, por certifikata tani nuk z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet m\u00eb. <\/p>\n Mendohet se sulmi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb kryer me dijenin\u00eb e ofruesve n\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb organeve t\u00eb zbatimit t\u00eb ligjit, si rezultat i hakimit t\u00eb infrastrukturave t\u00eb t\u00eb dy ofruesve ose nga nj\u00eb punonj\u00ebs q\u00eb kishte qasje n\u00eb t\u00eb dy ofruesit. Duke pasur mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e kapjes dhe modifikimit t\u00eb trafikut XMPP, sulmuesi mund t\u00eb kishte akses n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e lidhura me llogarit\u00eb, si historin\u00eb e ruajtur t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimeve t\u00eb mesazheve n\u00eb server, si dhe mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgonte mesazhe n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebnte ndryshime n\u00eb mesazhet e huaja. Mesazhet e d\u00ebrguara duke p\u00ebrdorur enkriptimin end-to-end (OMEMO, OTR ose PGP) mund t\u00eb konsiderohen t\u00eb pa komprometuar, n\u00ebse \u00e7el\u00ebsat e enkriptimit jan\u00eb konfirmuar nga p\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb t\u00eb dy skajet e lidhjes. P\u00ebrdoruesit e jabber.ru rekomandohet t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalimet e qasjes dhe t\u00eb verifikojn\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsat OMEMO dhe PGP n\u00eb magazinat e tyre PEP p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar p\u00ebr mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit. \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Jabber-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 jabber.ru (xmpp.ru) \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 (MITM), \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 90 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e 6 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0446\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 Hetzner \u0438 Linode, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043d \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 VPS-\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0437\u0435\u043b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 TLS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f XMPP-\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f STARTTLS. \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 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Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"