{"id":112745,"date":"2024-01-08T15:10:13","date_gmt":"2024-01-08T13:10:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-7"},"modified":"2024-01-08T15:10:13","modified_gmt":"2024-01-08T13:10:13","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-7","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux 6.7","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas dy muajve zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds paraqiti l\u00ebshimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux 6.7. Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme: integrimi i FS Bcachefs, ndalimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn Itanium, mund\u00ebsia e funksionimit t\u00eb Nouvea me firmware GSP-R, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr enkriptimin TLS n\u00eb NVMe-TCP, mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtimeve n\u00eb BPF, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr futex n\u00eb io_uring, optimizimi i performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb planifikuesit fq (Fair Queuing), mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr zgjerimin TCP-AO (TCP Authentication Option) dhe mund\u00ebsia e kufizimit t\u00eb lidhjeve rrjeti n\u00eb mekanizmin e mbrojtjes Landlock, u shtua menaxhimi i aksesit n\u00eb user namespace dhe io_uring p\u00ebrmes AppArmor.      <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb versionin e ri jan\u00eb pranuar 18405 korrigjime nga 2066 zhvillues, madh\u00ebsia e patch-it \u00ebsht\u00eb 72 MB (ndryshimet prek\u00ebn 13467 skedha, u shtuan 906147 rreshta kodi, u hoq\u00ebn 341048 rreshta). N\u00eb versionin e kaluar kishte 15291 korrigjime nga 2058 zhvillues, madh\u00ebsia e patch-it ishte 39 MB. Rreth 45% e t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimeve t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb 6.7 lidhen me driver\u00ebt e pajisjeve, rreth 14% e ndryshimeve kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e kodit specifik p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn harduerike, 13% lidhen me stek\u00ebt rrjet\u00ebrore, 5% me sistemet e skedar\u00ebve dhe 3% me n\u00ebn-sistemet brenda b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.            <\/p>\n<p>Novitetet kryesore n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn 6.7:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i disqeve, hyrja\/ dalje dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar kodi i sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve Bcachefs, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nivelin e performanc\u00ebs, besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb dhe shkall\u00ebzueshm\u00ebris\u00eb q\u00eb karakterizon XFS, n\u00eb kombinim me elemente t\u00eb funksionalitetit t\u00eb avancuar q\u00eb ekziston n\u00eb Btrfs dhe ZFS. P\u00ebr shembull, Bcachefs mb\u00ebshtet mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb tilla si p\u00ebrfshirja n\u00eb ndarje t\u00eb shum\u00eb pajisjeve, p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjet e shum\u00ebfishta t\u00eb ruajt\u00ebsve (shtresa e poshtme me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura shpesh mbi SSD t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa shtresa e sip\u00ebrme me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna m\u00eb pak t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuara nga hard disk\u00ebt), replikimi (RAID 1\/10), memorizimi, kompresimi transparent t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (modus LZ4, gzip dhe ZSTD), kopjet e gjendjes (snapshot), v\u00ebrtetimi i integritetit p\u00ebrmes kontrolleve t\u00eb shumave, mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr ruajtjen e kodeve t\u00eb korrigjimit t\u00eb gabimeve t\u00eb Ried-Solomonit (RAID 5\/6), ruajtja e informacionit n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb enkriptuar (p\u00ebrdoren ChaCha20 dhe Poly1305). Sipas performanc\u00ebs, Bcachefs tejkalon Btrfs dhe sistemet e tjera t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb mekanizmin Copy-on-Write, dhe tregon shpejt\u00ebsi pune q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e af\u00ebrt me Ext4 dhe XFS.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Btrfs \u00ebsht\u00eb introdhuar nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e thjeshtuar p\u00ebr kuotat, e cila lejon arritjen e nj\u00eb performance m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb duke ndjekur eksit\u00ebt vet\u00ebm n\u00eb n\u00ebnseksionin, ku ata jan\u00eb krijuar, \u00e7far\u00eb e thjeshton ndjesh\u00ebm llogaritjen dhe rrit performanc\u00ebn, por nuk lejon llogaritjen e eksit\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt n\u00eb disa n\u00ebnseksione.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Btrfs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb e re t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash \u00abstripe tree\u00bb, e p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr mapimin logjik t\u00eb ekstent\u00ebve n\u00eb situata kur mapimi fizik nuk p\u00ebrputhet n\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb ndryshme. Struktura p\u00ebr momentin \u00ebsht\u00eb e angazhuar n\u00eb realizimet RAID0 dhe RAID1 p\u00ebr pajisje bllokuese t\u00eb zonave. N\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, kjo struktur\u00eb ka n\u00eb plan t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret edhe n\u00eb RAID me nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, \u00e7ka do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb zgjidhjen e disa problemeve t\u00eb tanishme n\u00eb realizimin aktual.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Ceph \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr hartimin e identifikuesve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb montuar, t\u00eb aplikuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur skedar\u00ebt e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndarje t\u00eb huaj t\u00eb montuar me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb sistemin aktual.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb efivarfs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb specifikuar uid dhe gid gjat\u00eb montimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb lejuar ndryshimin e variablave UEFI nga procese t\u00eb kthyera pa t\u00eb drejta root.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb exFAT jan\u00eb shtuar thirrje ioctl p\u00ebr t\u00eb lexuar dhe ndryshuar atributet e FS. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar trajtimi i katalog\u00ebve me madh\u00ebsi zero.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb F2FS \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur blloqe me madh\u00ebsi 16K.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mekanizmi i automontimit autofs \u00ebsht\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e API-s\u00eb s\u00eb re p\u00ebr montimin e ndarjeve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb OverlayFS jan\u00eb propozuar opsionet e montimit \u00ablowerdir+\u00bb dhe \u00abdatadir+\u00bb. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr montimin e pamjes OverlayFS me xattrs.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb XFS \u00ebsht\u00eb optimizuar ngarkesa n\u00eb CPU n\u00eb kodin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb bllok\u00ebve n\u00eb koh\u00eb reale. \u00cbsht\u00eb siguruar mund\u00ebsia e ekzekutimit t\u00eb nj\u00ebkohsh\u00ebm t\u00eb operacioneve t\u00eb leximit dhe FICLONE.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kodi EXT2 \u00ebsht\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e flet\u00ebve t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories (page folios).                          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memorie dhe sh\u00ebrbime sistemike<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbndalimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn ia64, e cila p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Intel Itanium, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u ndaluan t\u00eb shiten plot\u00ebsisht n\u00eb vitin 2021. Procesor\u00ebt Itanium u prezantuan nga Intel n\u00eb vitin 2001, por arkitektura ia64 nuk arriti t\u00eb konkurroj\u00eb me AMD64, kryesisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb AMD64 dhe kalimit m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb nga procesor\u00ebt 32-bit x86. Si rezultat, interesat e Intel u zhvendos\u00ebn drejt procesor\u00ebve x86-64, nd\u00ebrsa Itanium mbeti <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/server\/\"   title=\"server\u00ebt\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1896\">server\u00ebt<\/a> HP Integrity, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin porosit\u00eb u ndaluan tre vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Kodi p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje ia64 u hoq nga b\u00ebrthama kryesisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb gjat\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb platform\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa Linus Torvalds shprehu gatishm\u00ebri p\u00ebr t\u00eb rikthyer mb\u00ebshtetje ia64 n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, por vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse gjendet nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebs q\u00eb do t\u00eb demonstroj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje cil\u00ebsore p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb platform\u00eb jasht\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs kryesore p\u00ebr t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb vit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar parametri i komand\u00ebs s\u00eb linj\u00ebs s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00abia32_emulation\u00bb, i cili lejon aktivizimin dhe \u00e7aktivizimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr simuluar modalitetin 32-bit n\u00eb b\u00ebrthamat e nd\u00ebrtuara p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn x86-64 gjat\u00eb faz\u00ebs s\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs. Nga ana praktike, ky parametr i ri lejon nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb b\u00ebrthame me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr pajtueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb me aplikacionet 32-bit, por p\u00ebr default e \u00e7aktivizon k\u00ebt\u00eb modalitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar vektorin e sulmit n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, pasi API p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb pajtueshm\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb testuar m\u00eb pak se nd\u00ebrfaqet kryesore t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vazhdon transferimi i ndryshimeve nga dega Rust-for-Linux, q\u00eb lidhen me p\u00ebrdorimin e gjuh\u00ebs Rust si gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvillimin e drejtpeshave dhe moduleve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs (mb\u00ebshtetje Rust nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aktive n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paracaktuar dhe nuk \u00e7on n\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjen e Rust n\u00eb var\u00ebsit\u00eb e detyrueshme nd\u00ebrtimi p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn). N\u00eb versionin e ri \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar kalimi n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e l\u00ebshimit Rust 1.73 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar nj\u00eb grup lidhjesh p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me queued pun\u00eb (workqueues).\n<li class=\"l\"> Krijuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb mekanizmit binfmt_misc p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr formate t\u00eb reja t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve ekzekutues (p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ekzekutuar aplikacione t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduara n\u00eb Java ose Python) brenda hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb pakufizuara (namespace).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb kontrollorin cgroup cpuset, i cili lejon menaxhimin e angazhimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrthamave t\u00eb CPU gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb detyrave, \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar ndarja n\u00eb seksionim lokal dhe t\u00eb larg\u00ebt (remote partition), t\u00eb cilat ndryshojn\u00eb n\u00ebse cgroupi prind \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb seksion korrekt rr\u00ebnjor apo jo. N\u00eb cpuset jan\u00eb shtuar gjithashtu parametrat e rinj \u00abcpuset.cpus.exclusive\u00bb dhe \u00abcpuset.cpus.exclusive.effective\u00bb p\u00ebr lidhje ekskluzive me CPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebnstruktur\u00ebn BPF \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrjashtimet, t\u00eb cilat trajtohen si nj\u00eb dalje e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme nga programi BPF me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e rrotullimit t\u00eb sigurt t\u00eb kuadrove t\u00eb stack-ut. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb programet BPF \u00ebsht\u00eb lejuar p\u00ebrdorimi i treguesve kptr n\u00eb lidhje me CPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebnstrukturen io_uring \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr operacione me futex-e, si dhe jan\u00eb implementuar operacione t\u00eb reja: IORING_OP_WAITID (versioni asinkron i waitid), SOCKET_URING_OP_GETSOCKOPT (varianti i getsockoptand), SOCKET_URING_OP_SETSOCKOPT (varianti i setsockopt) dhe IORING_OP_READ_MULTISHOT (operacione t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura t\u00eb leximit, q\u00eb nuk ndalojn\u00eb derisa t\u00eb ket\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna ose kur buffer-i t\u00eb jet\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar implementimi i radh\u00ebve FIFO t\u00eb lehta, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb bllokim spin vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr heqjen nga radh\u00eb n\u00eb kontekstin e procesit dhe q\u00eb kalojn\u00eb pa bllokim spin p\u00ebr shtimin atomik n\u00eb radh\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do kontekst.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb tampon ring \u00abobjpool\u00bb me nj\u00eb implementim t\u00eb shkall\u00ebzuar t\u00eb nj\u00eb rangu me performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr alokimin dhe rikthimin e objekteve.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar pjesa fillestare e ndryshimeve p\u00ebr implementimin e API t\u00eb ri futex2, i cili ka performanc\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb sistemet NUMA, mb\u00ebshtet madh\u00ebsi q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb 32-bit dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb vend t\u00eb thirrjes m\u00eb t\u00eb shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb sistemit futex().\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn ARM32 dhe S390x \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr grupin aktual t\u00eb instruksioneve BPF (cpuv4).\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn RISC-V \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb verifikimit t\u00eb Shadow-Call Stack, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme n\u00eb Clang 17, e destinuar p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga rip\u00ebrmbushja e adres\u00ebs s\u00eb kthimit nga funksioni n\u00eb rast t\u00eb mbingarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb buferit n\u00eb stek. Thelbi i mbrojtjes \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtja e adres\u00ebs s\u00eb kthimit n\u00eb nj\u00eb stek \u00abhije\u00bb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb pas kalimit t\u00eb kontrollit n\u00eb funksion dhe nxjerrja e k\u00ebsaj adrese para daljes nga funksioni.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mekanizmi i bashkimit t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories identike (KSM: Kernel Samepage Merging) \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar me nj\u00eb mod t\u00eb ri inteligjent t\u00eb skanimit t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories, i cili ndjek faqet e skanuara pa sukses dhe ul intensitetin e rikoshetimit t\u00eb tyre. P\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar modin e ri, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb cil\u00ebsim \/sys\/kernel\/mm\/ksm\/smart_scan.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb komand\u00eb e re ioctl, PAGEMAP_SCAN, e cila, kur p\u00ebrdoret me userfaultfd(), lejon t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen faktet e shk Writing n\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb memories. Kjo mund\u00ebsi e re, p\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb sistem p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur dhe rikuperuar gjendjen e proceseve CRIU ose n\u00eb sistemet anticheat t\u00eb loj\u00ebrave.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e nd\u00ebrtimit, kur ka nj\u00eb kompilator Clang, p\u00ebr default \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar nd\u00ebrtimi i shembujve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemit perf, t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb form\u00ebn e programeve BPF.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb hequr shtresa e vjet\u00ebr videobuf, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar framebuffers n\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin e mediave dhe q\u00eb u z\u00ebvend\u00ebsua m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 10 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb me nj\u00eb zbatim t\u00eb ri videobuf2.                        <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizimi dhe siguria<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin fscrypt \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e enkriptimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb blloqe m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla se madh\u00ebsia e bllokut n\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb angazhuar mekanizmat e enkriptimit harduerik q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin vet\u00ebm blloqe t\u00eb vogla (p\u00ebr shembull, kontrollor\u00ebt UFS q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin vet\u00ebm madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e bllokut 4096, do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren me FS me madh\u00ebsi blloku 16K).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin \u00abiommufd\u00bb, i cili lejon menaxhimin e tabelave t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories p\u00ebr I\/O nga IOMMU (I\/O Memory-Management Unit) p\u00ebrmes deshifruesve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar ndjekja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb resetuar nga cache (dirty) p\u00ebr operacionet DMA, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar memorien me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb pakthyer gjat\u00eb migrimit t\u00eb proceseve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin Landlock, i cili lejon kufizimin e nd\u00ebrveprimit t\u00eb grupit t\u00eb proceseve me mjedisin e jasht\u00ebm, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrcaktimin e rregullave p\u00ebr menaxhimin e qasjes n\u00eb TCP sockets. P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb rregull q\u00eb lejon vet\u00ebm qasjen n\u00eb portin rrjet 443 p\u00ebr lidhjet HTTPS.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin AppArmor \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar qasjen n\u00eb mekanizmin io_uring dhe p\u00ebr krijimin e hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb identifikuesve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve (user namespaces), e cila lejon leht\u00ebsimin e qasjes n\u00eb k\u00ebto mund\u00ebsi vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr disa procese t\u00eb caktuara.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar API p\u00ebr atestimin <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vps\/\"   title=\"makinat virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2025\">makinat virtuale<\/a> p\u00ebr t\u00eb konfirmuar integritetin e procesit t\u00eb ngarkimit t\u00eb tyre.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemet LoongArch \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr virtualizimin duke p\u00ebrdorur hipervizorin KVM.\n<li class=\"l\"> Me p\u00ebrdorimin e hipervizorit KVM n\u00eb sistemet RISC-V \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr shtrirjen Smstateen, e cila ndalon qasjen e makin\u00ebs virtuale n\u00eb regjistrat e CPU-s\u00eb q\u00eb nuk mb\u00ebshteten shprehimisht nga hipervizori. Po ashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin n\u00eb sistemet nikoqire t\u00eb shtrirjes Zicond, e cila lejon disa operacione t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme t\u00eb numrave t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuar.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemet nikoqire q\u00eb ekzekutohen n\u00ebn KVM bazuar n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn x86, \u00ebsht\u00eb e lejuar p\u00ebrdorimi deri n\u00eb 4096 CPU virtuale.                <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi rrjetor<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb driverin NVMe-TCP (NVMe mbi TCP), i cili lejon qasjen n\u00eb disqet NVMe p\u00ebrmes rrjetit (NVM Express mbi Fabrikat), \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr enkriptimin e kanaleve t\u00eb transmetimit duke p\u00ebrdorur TLS (p\u00ebrdoret KTLS dhe procesi n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit tlshd p\u00ebr negociimin e lidhjes).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb optimizuar performanca e planifikuesit t\u00eb paketave fq (Fair Queuing), duke lejuar rritjen e kapacitetit me 5% n\u00ebn ngarkesa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb testin tcp_rr (TCP K\u00ebrkes\u00eb\/Respons) dhe me 13% n\u00ebn nj\u00eb rrjedh\u00eb t\u00eb pakufizuar t\u00eb paketave UDP.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb protokollin TCP \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi opsionale p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e vulave t\u00eb koh\u00ebs (TCP TS) me sakt\u00ebsi mikrosekonda (RFC 7323), q\u00eb lejon nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim m\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb vonesave dhe krijimin e moduleve m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara p\u00ebr menaxhimin e ngarkes\u00ebs. P\u00ebr aktivizimin mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret komanda \u00abip route add 10\/8 ... features tcp_usec_ts\u00bb.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb shtres\u00ebn TCP \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr shtrirjen TCP-AO (TCP Authentication Option, RFC 5925), e cila jep mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar headerat e TCP-s\u00eb me kode MAC (Message Authentication Code), duke p\u00ebrdorur algoritmet m\u00eb moderne HMAC-SHA1 dhe CMAC-AES-128 n\u00eb vend t\u00eb opsionit m\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr TCP-MD5 bazuar n\u00eb algoritmin e vjet\u00ebr MD5.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb lloj i ri pajisjesh virtuale rrjetesh \u00abnetkit\u00bb, logjika e transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebrcaktohet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb programi BPF.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb KSMBD, implementimin e serverit SMB n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ndryshimin e emrave t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb \u00e7ift\u00eb surrogate t\u00eb karaktereve t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuara.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb NFS \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar implementimi i rrjedhave me sh\u00ebrbimet RPC. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr delegimin e shkruajtjes (p\u00ebr NFSv4.1+). N\u00eb NFSD \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr trajtuesin netlink rpc_status. \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt NFSv4.x gjat\u00eb eksportimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur n\u00eb knfsd.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pajisje<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb modulin e kernelit Nouveau \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr firmware GSP-RM, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb GPU-t\u00eb NVIDIA RTX 20+ p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar operacionet e inicializimit dhe kontrollit t\u00eb GPU-s\u00eb nga nj\u00eb mikrocontroller t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb GSP (GPU System Processor). Mb\u00ebshtetja GSP-RM lejon q\u00eb drayveri Nouveau t\u00eb punoj\u00eb p\u00ebrmes thirrjeve n\u00eb firmware, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb programimit t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb operacioneve t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimit me harduerin, \u00e7ka e b\u00ebn shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb shtimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr GPU-t\u00eb e reja NVIDIA p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb thirrjeve ekzistuese p\u00ebr inicializimin dhe menaxhimin e energjis\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drayverin AMDGPU \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr GC 11.5, NBIO 7.11, SMU 14, SMU 13.0 OD, DCN 3.5, VPE 6.1 dhe DML2. \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr ngarkimin pa nd\u00ebrprerje (pa shqet\u00ebsime gjat\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb modit t\u00eb videos).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drayverin i915 \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat Intel Meteor Lake dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb implementim fillestar i Intel LunarLake (Xe 2).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kanalet asimetrike t\u00eb transmetimit, t\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb specifikimet USB4 v2 (120\/40G).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ARM SoC: Qualcomm Snapdragon 720G (p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb smartphone-t Xiaomi), AMD Pensando Elba, Renesas, R8A779F4 (R-Car S4-8), USRobotics USR8200 (p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb routera dhe NAS).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr smartphone-in Fairphone 5 dhe platformat ARM Orange Pi 5, QuartzPro64, Turing RK1, Variscite MX6, BigTreeTech CB1, Freescale LX2162, Google Spherion, Google Hayato, Genio 1200 EVK, RK3566 Powkiddy RGB30.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr platformat RISC-V Milk-V Pioneer dhe Milk-V Duo.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr interface-t e z\u00ebrit t\u00eb laptop\u00ebve HUAWEI, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt vijn\u00eb me CPU AMD. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr altoparlant\u00ebt e shtuar q\u00eb vendosen n\u00eb laptop\u00ebt Dell Oasis 13\/14\/16. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr altoparlant\u00ebt e integruar ASUS K6500ZC. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr treguesin e fikjes s\u00eb z\u00ebrit n\u00eb laptop\u00ebt HP 255 G8 dhe G10. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr drayver\u00ebt e z\u00ebrit acp6.3. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr interface-t profesionale t\u00eb regjistrimit t\u00eb z\u00ebrit Focusrite Clarett+ 2Pre dhe 4Pre.                  <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, Fondi Latinoamerikan i Softuerit t\u00eb Liris\u00eb ka krijuar nj\u00eb version t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs 6.7 \u2014 Linux-libre 6.7-gnu, t\u00eb pastruar nga element\u00ebt e firmware-it dhe shofer\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb komponente t\u00eb pakta ose pjes\u00eb kodi, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdorimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar nga prodhuesi. N\u00eb l\u00ebshimin 6.7 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar kodi i pastrimit t\u00eb blob-\u00ebve n\u00eb shofer\u00ebt dhe n\u00ebn-sistemet e ndryshme, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb shofer\u00ebt amdgpu, nouveau, adreno, mwifiex, mt7988, ath11k, avs dhe btqca. Kodi i pastrimit t\u00eb shofer\u00ebve localtalk dhe rtl8192u \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtimit t\u00eb tyre nga b\u00ebrthama. Komponent\u00ebt e tepruar t\u00eb pastrimit t\u00eb shofer\u00ebve xhci-pci, rtl8xxxu dhe rtw8822b, t\u00eb shtuar m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb gabuar, jan\u00eb hequr. \u00cbsht\u00eb kryer pastrimi i emrave t\u00eb blob-\u00ebve n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt dts p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn Aarch64. Blob-\u00ebt n\u00eb shofer\u00ebt e rinj mt7925, tps6598x, aw87390 dhe aw88399 jan\u00eb hequr.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60398\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.7. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0424\u0421 Bcachefs, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b Itanium, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b Nouvea \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 GSP-R, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 TLS-\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 NVMe-TCP, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 BPF, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 futex \u0432 io_uring, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 fq (Fair Queuing), \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f TCP-AO (TCP Authentication Option) \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-112745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 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