{"id":113322,"date":"2024-02-01T13:41:10","date_gmt":"2024-02-01T11:41:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-sistemnoj-biblioteki-glibc-2-39-i-nabora-utilit-gnu-binutils-2-42"},"modified":"2024-02-01T13:41:10","modified_gmt":"2024-02-01T11:41:10","slug":"vypusk-sistemnoj-biblioteki-glibc-2-39-i-nabora-utilit-gnu-binutils-2-42","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/vypusk-sistemnoj-biblioteki-glibc-2-39-i-nabora-utilit-gnu-binutils-2-42","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i bibliotek\u00ebs sistemore Glibc 2.39 dhe grupit t\u00eb utilitar\u00ebve GNU Binutils 2.42","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas pas gjasht\u00eb muajsh zhvillimi u publikua versioni i bibliotek\u00ebs sistemore GNU C Library (glibc) 2.39, i cili plot\u00ebson t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht k\u00ebrkesat e standardeve ISO C11 dhe POSIX.1-2017. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb version t\u00eb ri jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb rregullime nga 67 zhvillues.     <\/p>\n<p>Nga p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimet e realizuara n\u00eb Glibc 2.39 mund t\u00eb ve\u00e7ojm\u00eb:   <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb siguruar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr stek\u00ebn e err\u00ebt (shadow stack), e cila u shfaq n\u00eb kernelin Linux 6.6 dhe lejon bllokimin e funksionimit t\u00eb shum\u00eb exploit\u00ebve, duke p\u00ebrdorur mund\u00ebsit\u00eb harduerike t\u00eb procesor\u00ebve Intel p\u00ebr mbrojtje nga rikthimi i adres\u00ebs nga nj\u00eb funksion n\u00eb rast t\u00eb mbushjes s\u00eb buffers n\u00eb stek. Thelbi i mbrojtjes \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb pas kalimit t\u00eb kontrollit n\u00eb funksion, adresat e rikthimit ruhen nga procesori jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb stek\u00ebn e zakonshme, por edhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb stek t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb 't\u00eb err\u00ebt', i cili nuk mund t\u00eb ndryshohet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt. Para daljes nga funksioni, adresa e rikthimit nxirret nga steka e err\u00ebt dhe verifikohet me adres\u00ebn e rikthimit nga steka kryesore. Mosv\u00ebnia e adresave \u00e7on n\u00eb gjenerimin e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtimi, q\u00eb bllokon situatat kur exploit-i ka arritur t\u00eb rikthes\u00eb adres\u00ebn n\u00eb stek\u00ebn kryesore. P\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e nd\u00ebrtimit '--enable-cet'.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb skedar i ri titullor , i p\u00ebrcaktuar n\u00eb draftin e standardit ISO C2X dhe q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin funksionet stdc_leading_zeros, stdc_leading_ones, stdc_trailing_zeros, stdc_trailing_ones, stdc_first_leading_zero, stdc_first_leading_one, stdc_first_trailing_zero, stdc_first_trailing_one, stdc_count_zeros, stdc_count_ones, stdc_has_single_bit, stdc_bit_width, stdc_bit_floor dhe stdc_bit_ceil n\u00eb versionet me tipe 'unsigned char', 'unsigned short', 'unsigned int', 'unsigned long int' dhe 'unsigned long long int'.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr platform\u00ebn Linux jan\u00eb realizuar funksionet posix_spawnattr_getcgroup_np dhe posix_spawnattr_setcgroup_np, si dhe flag POSIX_SPAWN_SETCGROUP, t\u00eb cilat lejojn\u00eb rregullimin e cgroupv2 n\u00eb nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb ri p\u00ebrmes funksioneve posix_spawn dhe posix_spawnp, duke eliminuar shkaktimin e gjendjeve t\u00eb gar\u00ebs. Funksionet jan\u00eb zgjerime GNU dhe k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb Linux me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr thirrjen sistemore clone3.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr platform\u00ebn Linux jan\u00eb realizuar funksionet pidfd_spawn dhe pidfd_spawn, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb af\u00ebr n\u00eb semantik\u00eb me funksionin posix_spawn, por kthejn\u00eb jo nj\u00eb identifikues procesi (PID), por nj\u00eb deshkrim t\u00eb skedarit p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb funksionet q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin mekanizmin PIDFD, si pidfd_send_signal, poll dhe waitid (PIDFD lidhet me nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb caktuar dhe nuk ndryshohet, nd\u00ebrsa PID mund t\u00eb lidhet me nj\u00eb proces tjet\u00ebr pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb procesit aktual t\u00eb lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb PID).\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr platform\u00ebn Linux \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar funksioni pidfd_getpid p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar identifikuesin e procesit (PID) bazuar n\u00eb dosjen e identifikimit t\u00eb procesit (PIDFD), i kthyer nga funksionet pid_spawn, fork_np dhe pidfd_open.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb funksionet e familjes scanf \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb modifikator madh\u00ebsie 'wN', i aplikuar p\u00ebr argumentet me tipe intN_t, int_leastN_t, uintN_t dhe uint_leastN_t. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb lexuar vlerat dekadale me tipe int32_t dhe int_least32_t mund t\u00eb specifikohet '%w32d', nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr vlerat hexadale - '%w32x'. Po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar modifikatori 'wfN' p\u00ebr tipet int_fastN_t dhe uint_fastN_t, t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuara n\u00eb draftin e standardit ISO C2X.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb paramet\u00ebr 'glibc.cpu.plt_rewrite', i cili p\u00ebrfshin rishkrimin e PLT (Procedure Linkage Table) n\u00eb sistemet x86-64, ku linkuesi do t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoj\u00eb kalimet indirekte (indirect branch) n\u00eb PLT me kalime direkte.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb paramet\u00ebr 'glibc.mem.decorate_maps' p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtuar informacion t\u00eb dodatit p\u00ebr alokimin e memories (p.sh., p\u00ebr stek\u00ebt e thread-\u00ebve, t\u00eb krijuara nga funksioni pthread_create, ose memorien e alokuar p\u00ebrmes malloc).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb struktur\u00ebn 'statvfs' \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar mbushja e fush\u00ebs 'f_type' me informacionin p\u00ebr tipin e FS-s\u00eb, ekuivalente me p\u00ebrmbajtjen e fush\u00ebs n\u00eb struktur\u00ebn 'statfs'. M\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb Linux, n\u00eb fush\u00ebn 'f_type' gjithmon\u00eb ishte e shkruar 0.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr platform\u00ebn AArch64, n\u00eb libmvec dhe math.h jan\u00eb shtuar annotime q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e vektorizimit t\u00eb thirrjeve gjat\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit me opsionin \"-ffast-math\" n\u00eb GCC 9 dhe versionet m\u00eb t\u00eb reja t\u00eb kompilatorit. Vektorizimi aktivizohet p\u00ebr funksionet matematikore acos, acosf, asin, asinf, atan, atanf, atan2, atan2f, cos, cosf, exp, expf, exp10, exp10f, exp2, exp2f, expm1, expm1f, log, logf, log10, log10f, log1p, log1pf, log2, log2f, sin, sinf, tan dhe tanf.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nga p\u00ebrb\u00ebrja \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr biblioteka libcrypt dhe skedari i saj p\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs \"\". Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb aplikacioneve u rekomandohet t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e biblioteka alternative, si p.sh. libxcrypt.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb utilitarin ldconfig tani kalohen skedar\u00ebt q\u00eb kan\u00eb simbolin ';' n\u00eb emrin e skedarit ose p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb n\u00eb \".dpkg.tmp\" dhe \".dpkg.new\", \u00e7ka lejon q\u00eb skedar\u00ebt e p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm t\u00eb menaxher\u00ebve t\u00eb paketave rpm dhe dpkg t\u00eb mos p\u00ebrpunohen.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn ia64 (ia64*-*-linux-gnu), e p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Intel Itanium.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb eliminuar vulnerabilitetet:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2023-6246, CVE-2023-6779, CVE-2023-6780 \u2014 jan\u00eb vulnerabilitete kritike n\u00eb funksionin __vsyslog_internal(), q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb, p\u00ebrmes manipulimit t\u00eb lan\u00e7imit t\u00eb aplikacioneve SUID, t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb ekzekutimin e kodit me privilegje t\u00eb larta.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2023-4911 \u2014 nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet n\u00eb Glibc ld.so, q\u00eb lejon marrjen e t\u00eb drejtave root n\u00eb sistem. Vulnerabiliteti shkaktohet nga nj\u00eb gabim n\u00eb kodin e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb vargut t\u00eb specifikuar n\u00eb variablin eAmbientit GLIBC_TUNABLES dhe mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb shkruarjen e vlerave t\u00eb analizuar p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb buffers t\u00eb alokuar. Jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion exploit\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2023-4806 \u2014 nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet n\u00eb funksionin getaddrinfo, i shkaktuar nga qasja n\u00eb memorie pas lirimit t\u00eb saj (use-after-free). Problemi shfaqet kur plugini NSS implementon vet\u00ebm thirrjet 'call-back' \"_gethostbyname2_r\" dhe \"_getcanonname_r\", por nuk mb\u00ebshtet thirrjen \"_gethostbyname3_r\". P\u00ebr t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar vulnerabilitetin, serveri DNS duhet t\u00eb kthej\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh adresash IPv6 dhe IPv4 p\u00ebr hostin e k\u00ebrkuar, \u00e7ka do t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb crashin e procesit q\u00eb ka thirrur funksionin getaddrinfo p\u00ebr familjen AF_INET6 me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse AI_CANONNAME, AI_ALL dhe AI_V4MAPPED.\n<li class=\"l\"> CVE-2023-4527 \u2014 nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet n\u00eb funksionin getaddrinfo, q\u00eb lejon Leximin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga jasht\u00eb kufijve t\u00eb buffers gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjes DNS, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrmes TCP dhe ka nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi mbi 2048 byte. Vulnerabiliteti shfaqet duke p\u00ebrdorur opsionin \"no-aaaa\" n\u00eb \/etc\/resolv.conf.   <\/ul>\n<p>P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, mund t\u00eb theksohet l\u00ebshimi i paket\u00ebs s\u00eb utilitar\u00ebve sistemor\u00eb GNU Binutils 2.42, e cila p\u00ebrfshin programe t\u00eb tilla si GNU linker, GNU assembler, nm, objdump, strings, strip.     <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb versionin e ri t\u00eb Binutils:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb assembler (gas) p\u00ebr sisteme x86-64 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb opsion eksperimental \"--scfi=experimental\" p\u00ebr sintez\u00ebn e strukturave CFI (Control Flow Integrity) p\u00ebr kodin assembler t\u00eb shkruar manualisht n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me System V AMD64 ABI.\n<li class=\"l\"> Programit readelf tani nj\u00eb opsion \u2018\u2014extra-sym-info\u2019 p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur informacione t\u00eb zgjeruara mbi simbolet (\u2018\u2014symbols\u2019), si emrin e seksionit q\u00eb referohet indeksi st_shndx.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mjetin objcopy \u00ebsht\u00eb ofruar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit n\u00eb opsionin \u2018\u2014set-section-flags\u2019 vlera \u2018large\u2019 p\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar seksionin e flagut SHF_X86_64_LARGE p\u00ebr objektet ELF n\u00eb sistemet x86-64. N\u00eb opsionin \u2018\u2014visualize-jumps\u2019 \u00ebsht\u00eb zbatuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn s390.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb disasemblimit e instrukcioneve s390 \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur komente n\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrimin e instrukcioneve. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrime n\u00eb objdump mund t\u00eb tregoni parametrin \u2018-M insndesc\u2019, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb gdb \u2014 konfigurimin \u2018set disassembler-options insndesc\u2019.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb lidh\u00ebs jan\u00eb shtuar opsionet \u2018-z mark-plt\u2019 dhe \u2018-z nomark-plt\u2019 p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar shenjat n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn PLT, duke p\u00ebrdorur etiketat DT_X86_64_PLT, DT_X86_64_PLTSZ dhe DT_X86_64_PLTENT.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb linker \u00ebsht\u00eb shtetur mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr renditjen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb shtuar opsionet \u2018\u2014warn-execstack-objects\u2019, \u2018\u2014error-execstack\u2019 dhe \u2018\u2014error-rxw-segments\u2019 p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur paralajm\u00ebrime ose gabime gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit n\u00eb objektet e stack-ut ekzekutiv.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ABI 2.30 t\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebs LoongArch, si dhe mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr instruksione t\u00eb reja, t\u00eb caktuara n\u00eb specifikimin LoongArch 1.10.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr grupin e instruksioneve KVX, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Kalray (p.sh., p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb SoC Coolidge).\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemet e bazuara n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn Intel \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr zgjerimet:\n<ul>\n<li> Intel APX: 32 GPR, NDD, PUSH2\/POP2, PUSHP\/POPP.\n<li> USER_MSR.\n<li> AVX10.1.\n<li> PBNDKB.\n<li> SM4.\n<li> SM3.\n<li> SHA512.\n<li> AVX-VNNI-INT16.  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb portin p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn RISC-V \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr zgjerimet:\n<ul>\n<li> T-Head (XTheadVector, XTheadZvlsseg dhe XTheadZvamo).\n<li> CORE-V (XCVmac, XCValu).\n<li>  SiFive VCIX (XSfVcp).  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb portin p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn AArch64 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr zgjerimet:\n<ul>\n<li> SVE2.1 (Scalable Vector Extension 2.1).\n<li> SME2.1 (Scalable Matrix Extension 2.1).\n<li> B16B16 (BFloat16 dhe BFloat16 p\u00ebr SVE2 dhe SME2).\n<li> RASv2 (Reliability, Availability and Serviceability v2).\n<li> LSE128 (128-bit Atomic).\n<li> GCS (Guarded Control Stack).\n<li> CHK (Kontrolloni Statusin e Ve\u00e7oris\u00eb).\n<li> SPECRES2 (P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i Restriksionit t\u00eb Spekulimeve).\n<li> LRCPC3 (Ngarko-Marrja RCpc).\n<li> THE (Forcimi i P\u00ebrkthimit).\n<li> ITE (Gjurmimi i Instruksioneve).\n<li> D128 (dokumentet 128-bit t\u00eb tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories).\n<li> XS (atributi i memories XS).  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt AArch64 Cortex-A520, Cortex-A720, Cortex-X3 dhe Cortex-X4.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb assemblerin BPF p\u00ebr kompatibilitet me assemblerin clang\/LLVM \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ndarjen e komenteve me simbolet \u2018#\u2019 dhe \u2018\/\/\u2019, si dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e simbolit \u2018;\u2019 p\u00ebr ndarjen e shprehjeve n\u00eb rresht (\u2019;\u2019 nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret m\u00eb p\u00ebr komente).        <\/ul>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=60534\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 GNU C Library (glibc) 2.39, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 ISO C11 \u0438 POSIX.1-2017. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 67 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0418\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 Glibc 2.39 \u0443\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c: \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 (shadow stack), \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux 6.6 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-113322","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 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