{"id":114581,"date":"2024-03-26T12:25:42","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T10:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/zenhammer-metod-ataki-dlya-iskazheniya-soderzhimogo-pamyati-na-platformah-amd-zen"},"modified":"2024-03-26T12:25:42","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T10:25:43","slug":"zenhammer-metod-ataki-dlya-iskazheniya-soderzhimogo-pamyati-na-platformah-amd-zen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/zenhammer-metod-ataki-dlya-iskazheniya-soderzhimogo-pamyati-na-platformah-amd-zen","title":{"rendered":"ZenHammer — nj\u00eb metod\u00eb sulmi p\u00ebr deformimin e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb memories n\u00eb platformat AMD Zen","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Hulumtuesit nga Shkolla e Lart\u00eb Tecnike e Zyrihut n\u00eb Zvic\u00ebr kan\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb metod\u00eb sulmi t\u00eb quajtur ZenHammer, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb variant i sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer p\u00ebr t\u00eb modifikuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e biteve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb memorjes dinamike t\u00eb aksesit (DRAM), e p\u00ebrshtatur p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb platforma me procesor\u00eb AMD. Metodat e kaluara t\u00eb sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer ishin kufizuar n\u00eb sistemet me procesor\u00eb Intel, por studimi i kryer ka treguar se deformimet e qelizave t\u00eb memories mund t\u00eb arrihen edhe n\u00eb platforma me kontroler\u00eb memories nga kompania AMD. <\/p>\n

Puna e metod\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb demonstruar n\u00eb sistemet AMD Zen 2 dhe Zen 3 me memorje DDR4 nga tre prodhues kryesor\u00eb (Samsung, Micron dhe SK Hynix). Sulmi lejon me sukses kalimin e mekanizmit TRR (Target Row Refresh), i vendosur n\u00eb \u00e7ipet e memories, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb orientuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur nga deformimi i qelizave t\u00eb memories n\u00eb rreshta fqinje. Sipas vler\u00ebsimeve nga hulumtuesit, sistemet me CPU AMD Zen 3 jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb prekshme se sistemet me procesor\u00eb Intel Coffee Lake, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb dhe efektive t'i sulmohet. N\u00eb sistemet AMD Zen 2, deformimet e qelizave jan\u00eb arritur p\u00ebr 7 nga 10 \u00e7ipat DDR4 t\u00eb testuar, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb sistemet Zen 3 p\u00ebr 6 nga 10. N\u00eb hulumtim \u00ebsht\u00eb analizuar gjithashtu mund\u00ebsia e sulmit n\u00eb sistemet AMD Zen 4 me memorje DDR5, por metoda e zhvilluar p\u00ebr DDR4 \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur t\u00eb riprodhohet me sukses vet\u00ebm n\u00eb 1 nga 10 \u00e7ipat e testuar t\u00eb memories DDR5, megjithat\u00eb mund\u00ebsia e sulmit nuk p\u00ebrjashtohet, por do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb zhvillimin e modeleve m\u00eb efektive t\u00eb leximit, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr pajisjet DDR5. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar me \u00e7ipat AMD, \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur t\u00eb adaptohen eksploit\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluar m\u00eb par\u00eb q\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e sh\u00ebnimeve n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e faqeve t\u00eb memories (PTE, entry e tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb faqeve) p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar privilegje t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, duke anashkaluar verifikimin e fjal\u00ebkalimit\/atraktivitetit p\u00ebrmes modifikimit t\u00eb memories s\u00eb procesit sudo dhe duke d\u00ebmtuar \u00e7el\u00ebsin publik RSA-2048 t\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb memory n\u00eb OpenSSH p\u00ebr t\u00eb rikrijuar \u00e7el\u00ebsin privat. Sulmi n\u00eb faqet e memories u reproduktua n\u00eb 7 nga 10 \u00e7ipat e testuar DDR4, sulmi n\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsin RSA - n\u00eb 6 \u00e7ipa, dhe sulmi n\u00eb sudo - n\u00eb 4 \u00e7ipa, ku koha e sulmit ishte p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht 164, 267 dhe 209 sekonda.

\"ZenHammer<\/center> <\/p>\n

Metoda gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb sulmuar sistemin n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet shfletuesve, p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime nga makinave virtuale<\/a> ose p\u00ebr organizimin e nj\u00eb sulmi n\u00eb rrjet. N\u00eb GitHub, n\u00ebn licenc\u00ebn MIT, \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar kodi burimor i mjetit DARE p\u00ebr inxhinierimin e prapavij\u00ebs s\u00eb adresave n\u00eb memorjen DRAM, si dhe dy grupe utilitar\u00ebsh p\u00ebr testimin e fuzzing t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb bit\u00ebve n\u00eb memorje - ddr4_zen2_zen3_pub p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat DDR4 (Zen 2 dhe Zen 3) dhe ddr5_zen4_pub p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat DDR5 (Zen 4), t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar sistemet e tyre p\u00ebr ndjeshm\u00ebrin\u00eb ndaj sulmit.

\"ZenHammer<\/center> <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr deformimin e biteve, p\u00ebrdoret metoda RowHammer, e cila bazohet n\u00eb faktin se n\u00eb memorjen DRAM, e cila p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb matric\u00eb dy-dimensionale t\u00eb qelizave, p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga nj\u00eb kondensator dhe nj\u00eb transistor, realizimi i leximeve t\u00eb vazhdueshme t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs zon\u00eb memorjeje \u00e7on n\u00eb fluktuacione t\u00eb tensionit dhe anomali q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb humbje t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs n\u00eb qelizat fqinje. N\u00ebse intensiteti i leximit \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb, qelia fqinje mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs dhe cikli i ardhsh\u00ebm i regenerimit nuk arrin t\u00eb rikthej\u00eb gjendjen e saj fillestare, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb ndryshimin e vler\u00ebs t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb ruajtura n\u00eb qeliz\u00eb. N\u00eb proces, hulumtuesit zbuluan karakteristikat e mekanizmave t\u00eb mapimit t\u00eb memories fizike dhe sinkronizimit me rinovimin e memories n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt AMD, duke lejuar riprodhimin e adresimit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb DRAM-it, p\u00ebrcaktimin e adresave t\u00eb qelizave fqinje, zhvillimin e metodave t\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb caches, dhe llogaritjen e modeleve dhe frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb operacioneve q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb humbjen e ngarkes\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur nga RowHammer, prodhuesit e \u00e7ipave zbatojn\u00eb mekanizmin TRR (Target Row Refresh), i cili blokon deformimin e qelizave n\u00eb raste t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, por nuk mbron nga t\u00eb gjitha rastet e mundshme t\u00eb sulmit. Metoda m\u00eb efektive e mbrojtjes mbetet p\u00ebrdorimi i memories me kodet e korrigjimit t\u00eb gabimeve (ECC), t\u00eb cilat e v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsojn\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm, por nuk p\u00ebrjashtojn\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht realizimin e sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer. Rritja e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rinovimeve t\u00eb memories gjithashtu ndihmon n\u00eb uljen e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sulm t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

Kompania AMD publikoi nj\u00eb raport mbi problematik\u00ebn, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin thuhen se n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt AMD p\u00ebrdoren kontrollet e memories q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin specifikimeve DDR, dhe pasi suksesi i sulmit varet kryesisht nga konfigurimi i sistemit dhe memories DRAM, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemit duhet t\u00eb adresohen te prodhuesit e memories dhe sistemeve. Nga metodat ekzistuese p\u00ebr t\u00eb komplikuar realizimin e sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Rowhammer p\u00ebrmendet p\u00ebrdorimi i memories ECC, rritja e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rikuperimit t\u00eb memories, \u00e7 Aktivizimi i rregullimit dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i procesor\u00ebve me kontrollet q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin modin MAC (Numri Maksimal i Aktivizimeve) p\u00ebr DDR4 (gjeneratat 1, 2 dhe 3 t\u00eb AMD EPYC 'Naple', 'Rome' dhe 'Milan') dhe RFM (Menaxhimi i Rikuperimit) p\u00ebr DDR5 (gjenerata 4 e AMD EPYC).
\n
Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 ZenHammer, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 RowHammer \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (DRAM), \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 AMD. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 RowHammer \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 Intel, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":114582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47ZenHammer \u2014 metoda e sulmit p\u00ebr ndryshimin e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb memories n\u00eb platformat AMD Zen | ProHoster","description":"K\u00ebrkuesit nga Shkolla Zvicerane e Teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb Cyrihut zhvilluan nj\u00eb metod\u00eb sulmi ZenHammer, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb variant i sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e bitave t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb memorien dinamike t\u00eb aksesit t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm (DRAM), e adaptuar p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb platformat me procesor\u00ebt AMD. Metodat e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer ishin t\u00eb kufizuara n\u00eb sistemet e bazuara n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Intel, por k\u00ebrkimi i kryer tregoi se ndryshimet e qelizave t\u00eb memories mund t\u00eb ndodhin gjithashtu.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/zenhammer-metod-ataki-dlya-iskazheniya-soderzhimogo-pamyati-na-platformah-amd-zen","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47ZenHammer \u2014 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 AMD Zen | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 ZenHammer, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 RowHammer \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (DRAM), \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 AMD. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 RowHammer \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c 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