{"id":114581,"date":"2024-03-26T12:25:42","date_gmt":"2024-03-26T10:25:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/zenhammer-metod-ataki-dlya-iskazheniya-soderzhimogo-pamyati-na-platformah-amd-zen"},"modified":"2024-03-26T12:25:42","modified_gmt":"2024-03-26T10:25:43","slug":"zenhammer-metod-ataki-dlya-iskazheniya-soderzhimogo-pamyati-na-platformah-amd-zen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/zenhammer-metod-ataki-dlya-iskazheniya-soderzhimogo-pamyati-na-platformah-amd-zen","title":{"rendered":"ZenHammer \u2014 metod\u00eb sulmi p\u00ebr t\u00eb deformuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e memories n\u00eb platformat AMD Zen","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00ebrkuesit nga Shkolla Politeknike e Cyrihut n\u00eb Zvic\u00ebr kan\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb metod\u00eb sulmi t\u00eb quajtur ZenHammer, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb variant i sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e bit\u00ebve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb memorien dinamike t\u00eb aksesit t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm (DRAM), e p\u00ebrshtatur p\u00ebr t'u p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb platformat me procesor\u00eb AMD. Metodat e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer ishin t\u00eb kufizuara n\u00eb sistemet e bazuara n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Intel, por hulumtimi i kryer tregoi se edhe shkeljet e qelizave t\u00eb memories mund t\u00eb arrihen n\u00eb platformat me kontrollet joori nga kompania AMD. <\/p>\n

Funksionimi i metod\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb demonstruar n\u00eb sistemet AMD Zen 2 dhe Zen 3 me memorien DDR4 nga tre prodhues kryesor\u00eb (Samsung, Micron dhe SK Hynix). Sulmi lejon me sukses shmangien e mekanizmit TRR (Target Row Refresh), i implementuar n\u00eb \u00e7ipat e memories, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb i dedikuar p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga shkeljet e qelizave t\u00eb memories n\u00eb rreshtat fqinj. Sipas vler\u00ebsimeve t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuesve, sistemet e bazuara n\u00eb CPU AMD Zen 3 jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb pambrojtura se sistemet me procesor\u00ebt Intel Coffee Lake, dhe sulmi ndaj tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i leht\u00eb dhe m\u00eb efektiv. N\u00eb sistemet AMD Zen 2, shkeljet e qelizave u arrit\u00ebn p\u00ebr 7 nga 10 \u00e7ipat e testuar DDR4, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb sistemet Zen 3 p\u00ebr 6 nga 10. K\u00ebrkuesit gjithashtu analizuan mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e sulmit n\u00eb sistemet AMD Zen 4 me memorien DDR5, por metodat e zhvilluara p\u00ebr DDR4 u reprodukuan me sukses vet\u00ebm n\u00eb 1 nga 10 \u00e7ipat e testuar t\u00eb memories DDR5, megjithat\u00eb, vet\u00eb mund\u00ebsia e sulmit nuk p\u00ebrjashtohet, por k\u00ebrkon zhvillimin e skemave m\u00eb efektive t\u00eb leximit, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr pajisjet DDR5. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr pun\u00eb me \u00e7ipat AMD, u arrit t\u00eb adaptohen eksploit\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluara m\u00eb par\u00eb, q\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e regjistrave n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e faqeve t\u00eb memories (PTE, entry i tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb faqeve) p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar privilegjin e kernelit, duke anashkaluar verifikimin e fjal\u00ebkalimit\/p\u00ebrcaktimeve p\u00ebrmes modifikimit t\u00eb memories s\u00eb procesit sudo dhe duke d\u00ebmtuar \u00e7el\u00ebsin publik RSA-2048 n\u00eb OpenSSH p\u00ebr rikrijimin e \u00e7el\u00ebsit t\u00eb mbyllur. Sulmi n\u00eb tabelat e memories u riprodhua n\u00eb 7 nga 10 \u00e7ipat DDR4 t\u00eb testuar, nd\u00ebrsa sulmi mbi \u00e7el\u00ebsin RSA - n\u00eb 6 \u00e7ipa, dhe sulmi mbi sudo - n\u00eb 4 \u00e7ipa, me nj\u00eb koh\u00eb sulmi p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht 164, 267 dhe 209 sekonda.

\"ZenHammer<\/center> <\/p>\n

Metoda gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr sulm ndaj sistemit p\u00ebrmes shfletuesve, p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime nga makinat virtuale<\/a> ose p\u00ebr organizimin e nj\u00eb sulmi p\u00ebrmes rrjetit. N\u00eb GitHub, n\u00ebn licenc\u00ebn MIT, \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar kodin burimor t\u00eb mjetit DARE p\u00ebr inxhinierin\u00eb e revers\u00eb t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb adresave n\u00eb memory DRAM, si dhe dy grupe utilitar\u00ebsh p\u00ebr testimin fuzzing t\u00eb deformimit t\u00eb bit\u00ebve n\u00eb memory - ddr4_zen2_zen3_pub p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat DDR4 (Zen 2 dhe Zen 3) dhe ddr5_zen4_pub p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat DDR5 (Zen 4), t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar sistemet e tyre p\u00ebr ndjeshm\u00ebrin\u00eb ndaj sulmeve.

\"ZenHammer<\/center> <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr deformimin e biteve p\u00ebrdoret metoda RowHammer, e cila bazohet n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb memorja DRAM, e cila p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb matrice dy-dimensionale t\u00eb qelizave t\u00eb p\u00ebrbatura nga nj\u00eb kondensator dhe nj\u00eb transistor, ekzekutimi i leximit t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit rajon memorjeje \u00e7on n\u00eb fluktuacione tensioni dhe anomalit\u00eb, duke shkaktuar humbje t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs n\u00eb qelizat fqinj. N\u00ebse intensiteti i leximit \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb qeliza fqinj mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb konsiderueshme ngarkese dhe cikli i ardhsh\u00ebm i rikuperimit nuk arrin t\u00eb rind\u00ebrtoj\u00eb gjendjen e saj fillestare, \u00e7ka do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb ndryshimin e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb qeliz\u00eb. Gjat\u00eb studimeve jan\u00eb zbuluar karakteristikat e mekanizmave t\u00eb hartimit t\u00eb memorjes nga procesor\u00ebt AMD dhe t\u00eb sinkronizimit me p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e memorjes, q\u00eb kan\u00eb lejuar riprodhimin e adresimit t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb DRAM, p\u00ebrcaktimin e adresave t\u00eb qelizave fqinj, zhvillimin e metodave p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar ke\u0161imin, p\u00ebrllogaritjen e modeleve dhe frekuencave t\u00eb operacioneve q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb humbje ngarkese. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur kund\u00ebr RowHammer, prodhuesit e \u00e7ipave p\u00ebrdorin mekanizmin TRR (Target Row Refresh), i cili bllokon deformimin e qelizave n\u00eb raste specifike, por nuk mbron nga t\u00eb gjitha variantet e mundshme t\u00eb sulmit. Metoda m\u00eb efikase e mbrojtjes mbetet p\u00ebrdorimi i memorjes me kodet e korrigjimit t\u00eb gabimeve (ECC), t\u00eb cilat e p\u00ebrngjasen ndjesh\u00ebm procesin, por nuk e p\u00ebrjashtojn\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht kryerjen e sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs RowHammer. Rritja e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rikuperimit t\u00eb memorjes gjithashtu ndihmon n\u00eb uljen e probabilitetit t\u00eb nj\u00eb sulmi t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

Kompania AMD publikoi nj\u00eb raport mbi problemin, ku thuhet se n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt AMD p\u00ebrdoren kontrollet e memories, p\u00ebrputh\u00ebse me specifikimet DDR, dhe pasi suksesi i sulmit varet kryesisht nga konfigurimet e sistemit dhe memories DRAM, me pyetje p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemit duhet t\u00eb kontaktohen prodhuesit e memories dhe sistemeve. Nga metodat e ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsuar kryerjen e sulmeve t\u00eb tipit Rowhammer p\u00ebrmendet p\u00ebrdorimi i memories ECC, rritja e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb aktivizimit t\u00eb memories, \u00e7aktivizimi i modit t\u00eb vonuar t\u00eb rikuperimit dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i procesor\u00ebve me kontrollet q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin modin MAC (Maximum Activate Count) p\u00ebr DDR4 (gjenet 1, 2 dhe 3 t\u00eb AMD EPYC \"Naple\", \"Rome\" dhe \"Milan\") dhe RFM (Refresh Management) p\u00ebr DDR5 (gjenet 4 t\u00eb AMD EPYC).
\n
Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 ZenHammer, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 RowHammer \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (DRAM), \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 AMD. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 RowHammer \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 Intel, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":114582,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-114581","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47ZenHammer 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