{"id":115726,"date":"2024-05-13T13:52:06","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T11:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-9"},"modified":"2024-05-13T13:52:06","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T11:52:06","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-9","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7imi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux 6.9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas dy muajsh zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds prezantoi l\u00ebshimin e kernelit Linux 6.9. Disa nga ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb: moduli dm-vdo p\u00ebr deduplication dhe kompresimin e pajisjeve bllokuese, modalitetin e qasjes s\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb skedar\u00eb n\u00eb FUSE, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr krijimin e pidfd p\u00ebr threads t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, mekanizmin e BPF-token\u00ebve, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr Rust n\u00eb sistemet ARM64, klasifikimin e FS Ext2 si t\u00eb vjetruar, heqjen e drejtuesit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr NTFS, dhe mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin Intel FRED.        <\/p>\n<p>\u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e 15680 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 2106 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432,  \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 54 \u041c\u0411 (\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 11825 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 687954 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e 225344 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a).  \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e 15641 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 2018 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430 &#8212; 44 \u041c\u0411.  \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 42% \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 6.9 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e 17% \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440, 13% \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c, 7% &#8212; \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 4% c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430.      <\/p>\n<p>Novitetet kryesore n\u00eb kernelin 6.9:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i diskut, hyrja\/ dalje dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Device Mapper (DM) \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb trajtues i ri dm-vdo (virtual data optimizer), q\u00eb lejon q\u00eb mbi pajisjet bllokuese ekzistuese t\u00eb realizohet nj\u00eb pajisje bllokuese virtuale, me mund\u00ebsi si deduplication e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura, kompresimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, p\u00ebrjashtimi i bllokave t\u00eb zbraz\u00ebta dhe rritja e madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pajisjes bllokuese sipas nevoj\u00ebs (thin provisioning). K\u00ebto mund\u00ebsi realizohen n\u00eb nivelin e pajisjes bllokuese dhe nuk varen nga sistemi i skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur (p\u00ebr shembull, me dm-vdo mund t\u00eb realizohet automatizimi i bashkimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb dyfishta dhe ruajtja e informacionit n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb kompresuar p\u00ebr \u00e7do FS). Mb\u00ebshtetet p\u00ebrdorimi i dm-vdo p\u00ebr magazinat fizike deri n\u00eb 256TB dhe krijimi i volumesh logjike deri n\u00eb 4PB. P\u00ebr menaxhimin e ndarjeve vdo rekomandohet p\u00ebrdorimi i lvm. Teknologjia VDO \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar nga kompania Permabit dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb open source pas blerjes s\u00eb saj nga Red Hat n\u00eb vitin 2017.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 FUSE, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f  \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430  \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 &#171;passthrough&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.  \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, FUSE-\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0424\u0421, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 FUSE.\n<li class=\"l\"> Drejtuesi i realizimit t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve Ext2 \u00ebsht\u00eb klasifikuar si i vjetruar (deprecated). Arsyeja p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetja e vet\u00ebm 32-bit t\u00eb numrave t\u00eb koh\u00ebs n\u00eb inode, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb mbushen m\u00eb 19 janar 2038. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb drejtuesit ext2, sugjerohet p\u00ebrdorimi i drejtuesit ext4, i cili mb\u00ebshtet funksionimin me sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Ext2 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht kompatib\u00ebl me t\u00eb, por gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb n\u00eb ndarjet e ext2 regjistrime t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb ekspozuara ndaj problemit t\u00eb vitit 2038, n\u00ebse FS \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar me inode m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha se 255 byte (n\u00eb drejtuesin ext2, numrat 32-bit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs p\u00ebrdoren pavar\u00ebsisht nga madh\u00ebsia e inode).\n<li class=\"l\"> Drejtuesi i vjet\u00ebr i sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve NTFS \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin q\u00eb nga l\u00ebshimi 5.15 ka ardhur drejtuesi i ri NTFS3. P\u00ebrdorimi i dy drejtuesve me realizimin e NTFS n\u00eb kernel \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruar si jo e arsyeshme, duke marr\u00eb parasysh se drejtuesi i vjet\u00ebr nuk ka p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite, ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb keqe dhe mund t\u00eb punoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb modalitetin e leximit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemet e skedar\u00ebve zonefs dhe hugetlbfs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mapimin e identifikuesve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb montuar, e cila p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur skedar\u00ebt e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndarje t\u00eb huaj t\u00eb montuar me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb sistemin aktual.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb NFSv4, p\u00ebr administrator\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb pastruar gjendjet e hapjes dhe bllokimeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Ext4, jan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar vet\u00ebm korrigjime t\u00eb gabimeve dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsime t\u00eb testeve kunit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Btrfs vazhdon p\u00ebrkthimi i funksioneve p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur flet\u00ebt e faqeve t\u00eb memories (page folios).\n<li class=\"l\">  N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve XFS \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduar puna mbi implementimin e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb utiles fsck p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar dhe rregulluar problemet e gjetura n\u00eb modalitet online, pa \u00e7montimin e sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb thirrjen sistemike pwritev2() \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar flag RWF_NOAPPEND, e cila lejon p\u00ebrcaktimin e nj\u00eb zhvendosjeje p\u00ebr shkrim, edhe n\u00ebse skedari \u00ebsht\u00eb hapur n\u00eb modalitetin e vet\u00ebm shtimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb fund t\u00eb skedarit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 ioctl-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b:  FS_IOC_GETUUID &#8212; \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 UUID-\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0438  FS_IOC_GETFSSYSFSPATH &#8212; \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432  \/sys\/fs \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0424\u0421.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemet e skedar\u00ebve efs, qnx4 dhe coda jan\u00eb ndar\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e API-s\u00eb s\u00eb re p\u00ebr montimin e ndarjeve.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementimi i operacioneve me skedar\u00eb u p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsua, duke u realizuar pa marr\u00eb parasysh rast\u00ebsin\u00eb e karaktereve. Rritja e performanc\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur duke filluar nga krahasimi me marrjen parasysh t\u00eb rast\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb karaktereve dhe duke kaluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkim pa marr\u00eb parasysh rast\u00ebsin\u00eb. Problemet gjat\u00eb montimit t\u00eb overlayfs mbi katalog\u00ebt, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur m\u00ebnyra pa marr\u00eb parasysh rast\u00ebsin\u00eb e karaktereve, jan\u00eb zgjidhur.                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Kujtesa dhe sh\u00ebrbimet sistemore<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin Intel FRED (Flexible Return and Event Delivery) \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar, i krijuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur efikasitetin dhe besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb informacionit rreth ngjarjeve t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, krahasuar me mekanizmin aktual IDT (Interrupt Descriptor Table). Rritja e performanc\u00ebs dhe reduktimi i vonesave sigurohen fal\u00eb rikthimit t\u00eb ngjarjeve nga instrukcioni i procesorit IRET n\u00eb vend t\u00eb d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb ngjarjeve p\u00ebrmes tabel\u00ebs IDT. Rritja e besueshm\u00ebris\u00eb arrihet p\u00ebrmes procesimit t\u00eb ndar\u00eb t\u00eb marrjes s\u00eb ngjarjeve n\u00eb kontekstin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe kontekstin e p\u00ebrdoruesit, mbrojtjes nga ekzekutimi i brendsh\u00ebm NMI dhe ruajtjes n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjeruar t\u00eb grumbullit t\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb regjistrat e lidhur me p\u00ebrjashtimin.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuara e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr optimizimin e qasjes n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e b\u00ebrthamave CPU p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrdorimit n\u00eb kodin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs t\u00eb hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb adresave t\u00eb em\u00ebruara (Named Address Spaces), t\u00eb realizuara n\u00eb GCC si nj\u00eb zgjerim t\u00eb GNU C.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb funksionin pidfd_open() \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar flagu PIDFD_THREAD, q\u00eb lejon krijimin e pidfd p\u00ebr b\u00ebrthamat e ve\u00e7anta, dhe jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrdorimin e pidfd n\u00eb kontekstin e liderit t\u00eb grupit t\u00eb b\u00ebrthamave. Gjithashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar implementimi i nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb maskuar p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb pidfd p\u00ebrmes sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve virtual. Ndryshe nga identifikimi i proceseve duke p\u00ebrdorur pid, identifikuesi pidfd lidhet me nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe nuk ndryshon, nd\u00ebrsa PID pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb procesit aktual mund t\u00eb lidhet me nj\u00eb proces tjet\u00ebr.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebnshkall\u00ebn BPF \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mekanizmi BPF-token, q\u00eb lejon delegimin selektiv t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb qasjes p\u00ebr programet n\u00eb operacione t\u00eb privilegjuara BPF, p\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb ofrohet qasje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb aplikacion jo t\u00eb privilegjuar n\u00eb n\u00ebnshkalla t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta BPF pa ofruar t\u00eb drejtat e plota CAP_BPF.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebnshkall\u00ebn BPF \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb lloj i ri memorie t\u00eb ndar\u00eb bpf_arena, q\u00eb p\u00ebrcakton nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme p\u00ebr ndarjen e informacionit mes programeve BPF dhe proceseve n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar instrukcioni may_goto, q\u00eb lejon organizimin e cikleve q\u00eb mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrpriten nga verifikuesi. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e gjenerimit t\u00eb cookies TCP SYN nga programet BPF dhe krijimi i trajtuesve BPF p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar SIN-flood.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 Rust-for-Linux, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Rust \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 (\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 Rust \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e Rust \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0443). \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 Rust \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 64-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 ARM.  \u041e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 Rust 1.76. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441 &#8216;container_of!&#8217;. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 &#8216;ptr_metadata&#8217; \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 &#8216;byte_sub&#8217;. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c  &#8216;time&#8217; \u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 &#8216;msecs_to_jiffies()&#8217;.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebnshkall\u00ebn io_uring \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e shkurtimit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve (ftruncate_file).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb lloj t\u00eb ri rreshtesh WQ_BH (workqueue Bottom Halves) p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e kodit n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb asinkrone n\u00eb kontekstin e nd\u00ebrprerjeve softuerike, e destinuar t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb vend t\u00eb tasklet-\u00ebs t\u00eb vjet\u00ebruar.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme \u00ebsht\u00eb riparuar n\u00ebnshkalla e pun\u00ebs me timerin, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar logjika e zgjedhjes s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs aktive CPU p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e timerit t\u00eb aktivizuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos nxjerr\u00eb b\u00ebrthamat joaktive nga gjumi.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 (EM, Energy Model) \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0451\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c CPU. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 em_cpu_energy(), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432 1.43 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435 RockPi 4B  &#8212; \u0432 1.69 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr lan\u00e7imin e sistemeve t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn ARM64 n\u00eb modin LPA2 me hap\u00ebsir\u00eb adresash virtuale 52-bit.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemet ARM64 \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr regjistrat e vazhduesh\u00ebm PTE (Page Table Entry), q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb rritjen e performanc\u00ebs duke rritur efikasitetin e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer).\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb pranuar patch-a p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur performanc\u00ebn e n\u00ebnshkall\u00ebs s\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb memories duke reduktuar shfaqjen e bllokimeve konkurruese n\u00eb vmalloc().\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn LoongArch \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr patch-at e nxeht\u00eb n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb (live patching), q\u00eb lejon aplikimin e rregullimeve n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb pa rip\u00ebrkthim.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemet RISC-V \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr thirrjen e sistemit membarrier(), e cila siguron vendosjen e barrierave n\u00eb memorje p\u00ebr threads q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb sistem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb rritur k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr versionin LLVM\/Clang q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. Tani k\u00ebrkohet t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn versioni LLVM 13.0.1 (nd\u00ebrsa m\u00eb par\u00eb ishte e mundur nd\u00ebrtimi n\u00eb LLVM 11+).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c &#171;User trace events&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 (USER_EVENT_REG_MULTI_FORMAT).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin e gjurmimit t\u00eb thirrjeve t\u00eb funksioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur gjendjen e argumenteve hyr\u00ebse t\u00eb funksionit gjat\u00eb gjurmimit t\u00eb daljes nga funksioni. Vlerat e operatorit return tani mund t\u00eb lidhen me argumentet e p\u00ebrdorura gjat\u00eb thirrjes s\u00eb funksionit.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443 perf \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 &#171;cluster&#187; (&#171;perf stat -a &#8212;per-cluster&#187;) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 libcapstone \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 (&#171;perf script -F disasm&#187;). \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 perf report&#8217; \u0438 &#8216;perf annotate&#8217;.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizimi dhe siguria<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 RFDS (Register File Data Sampling) \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 Intel Atom, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0437  \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 (RF,  Register File)  \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 CPU. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438  \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 VERW \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 &#171;reg_file_data_sampling=on&#187;. \u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 &#171;\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/vulnerabilities\/reg_file_data_sampling&#187;.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f  AMD SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging),   \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a &#171;undeSErVed&#187; \u0438  &#171;SEVerity&#187; \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u044b AMD EPYC, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization). \u0412 <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4384\">KVM<\/a> ndryshimet e nevojshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e SNP planifikohen t\u00eb shtohen n\u00eb deg\u00ebn 6.10.\n<li class=\"l\"> Modulet me implementimin e teknologjive IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) dhe EVM (Extended Verification Module) jan\u00eb transferuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur korniz\u00ebn LSM (Linux Security Modules), e cila pa humbje funksionaliteti ka lejuar nj\u00eb thjeshtim t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm t\u00eb kodit, duke bashkuar funksionalitetet e kopjuara dhe duke angazhuar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e zakonshme p\u00ebrmes LSM. Moduli IMA \u00ebsht\u00eb i destinuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar integritetin e komponenteve t\u00eb sistemit operativ p\u00ebrmes n\u00ebnshkrimeve dixhitale dhe hash-eve. Moduli EVM lejon t\u00eb mbroj\u00eb atributet e zgjeruara t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve (xattrs) nga sulmet q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim t\u00eb d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb integritetin e tyre (EVM nuk do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb nj\u00eb sulm offline, ku nj\u00eb sulmues mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb metadata, p\u00ebr shembull, duke u ngarkuar nga disku i tij).\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb ridizajnuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe kompatibilitet me ambientet 32-bit thirrjet e sistemit lsm_list_modules(), lsm_get_self_attr() dhe lsm_set_self_attr(), t\u00eb destinuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb modulit LSM t\u00eb ngarkuar (Linux Security Modules) dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb\/ vendosur atributet e modulit LSM. Ndryshimi e shkel backward compatibility-n\u00eb, por pasi thirrjet e reja t\u00eb sistemit u shtuan n\u00eb versionin e kaluar t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr momentin nuk p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb aplikacione, Linus Torvalds e konsideroi se ndryshimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i pranuesh\u00ebm.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f  \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 UBSAN (Undefined Behavior Sanitizer). \u0421\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044e  2n \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 (&#171;wrap-around&#187;) \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 &#171;-fno-strict-overflow&#187;, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e &#171;wrap-around&#187; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. GCC \u0438 Clang \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430 &#171;-fno-strict-overflow&#187; \u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435  UBSAN \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438.\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 &#171;var + offset < var\" (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \"if (pgoff + (size &gt; PAGE_SHIFT) < pgoff){..}\"), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c \"-fno-strict-overflow\" \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 UBSAN \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 2021 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 UBSAN \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 __signed_wrap \u0438 __unsigned_wrap, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438    add_would_overflow(a, b) \u0438  add_wrap(a, b), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439  \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043d\u0443\u0442\u043e \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441\u043e\u043c.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i rrjetit<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  \u0412 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a (&#171;lock contention&#187;, \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443, \u0443\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c). \u0421\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a RTNL.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr polling aktiv t\u00eb soketeve (busy polling) n\u00eb kontekstin e thirrjeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb epoll. Madh\u00ebsia e grupit dhe parametrat e buxhetit mund t\u00eb vendosen ve\u00e7mas nga parametrat sistemik\u00eb t\u00eb parazgjedhur.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar struktura net_hotdata p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar efikasitetin e \u043a\u0435\u0448\u043e\u0442 t\u00eb variablave m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura t\u00eb konfigurimit rrjet.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u0412 MPTCP \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438 TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0412 API \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 MCTP \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 (&#171;network ID&#187;), \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 MCTP.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb IPSec \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ridrejtimin e mesazheve ICMP me informacione p\u00ebr gabime (RFC 4301).\n<li class=\"l\"> Procesi i skanimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve me jet\u00eb t\u00eb skaduar \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebrshpejtuar funksionimi i XDP, fal\u00eb shmangies m\u00eb t\u00eb rrept\u00eb t\u00eb alokimit t\u00eb blloqeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb memories.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mund\u00ebsia e lidhjes s\u00eb metadata me mesazhet netconsole.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Netfilter \u00ebsht\u00eb lejuar definimi nga hap\u00ebsira p\u00ebrdoruesi i tabelave q\u00eb lidhen me procesin e menaxhimit n\u00eb prapavij\u00eb dhe nuk fshihen automatikisht pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb aplikacionit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb nftables \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar shtimi i elementeve n\u00eb set-grupet me intervale t\u00eb bashkuara.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pajisjet<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin i915 \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduar puna p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat Intel LunarLake (Xe 2). Jan\u00eb shtuar identifikues t\u00eb rinj PCI p\u00ebr pajisjet t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb \u00e7ipat Intel Arrow Lake dhe Alder Lake N. P\u00ebr Displayport \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr tunneling (DP tunneling) dhe alokimin e bandwidth. P\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha platformat \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar mode fastboot. Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr daljen e depurimit t\u00eb lidhur me pajisje t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin AMDGPU \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur p\u00ebr realizimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr GPU AMD RDNA3.5 dhe RDNA4. Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ATHUB 4.1, LSDMA 7.0, JPEG DPG, IH 7.0, HDP 7.0, VCN 5.0, SMU 13.0.6, NBIO 7.11, SDMA 6.1, MMHUB 3.3, DCN 3.5.1, NBIF 6.3.1, VPE 6.1.1 dhe framework-in RAS ACA. N\u00eb modul t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar parametri freesync_video p\u00ebr aktivizimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes eksperimentale p\u00ebr optimizimin e kalimit t\u00eb modesh t\u00eb videos duke p\u00ebrdorur teknologjin\u00eb e sinkronizimit adaptiv FreeSync.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin Nouveau kodi i menaxhimit t\u00eb ekranit \u00ebsht\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e funksionit kmemdup().\n<li class=\"l\"> Puna p\u00ebr drejtuesin drm (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe p\u00ebr GPU t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn Intel Xe, e cila p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb kartat grafike Intel t\u00eb familjes Arc dhe grafik\u00ebn e integruar, duke filluar nga procesor\u00ebt Tiger Lake, \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduar.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar drejtues DRM p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat Mediatek MT8188 VDOSYS1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Cil\u00ebsimet e lidhura me n\u00ebnshkallat video jan\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb seksionin CONFIG_VIDEO.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ARM64 SoC: Mediatek MT7981B (Filogic 820), MT7988A (Filogic 880), NXP i.MX8DXP, Renesas R8A779G2 (R-Car V4H ES2.0), R8A779H0 (R-Car V4M), TI J722S.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr platformat ARM dhe pajisjet: telefonat Android t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb \u00e7ipin Tegra30, modelet Chromebook t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb Mediatek MT8186, NAS, tabletat dhe konsolat e loj\u00ebrave t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb Rockchips RK35xx, bordet White Hawk t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb SoC Renesas, bordet t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb Qualcomm SM8550 (Snapdragon 8 Gen 2), Apalis Evaluation Board, Sielaff i.MX6 Solo Board, Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 10.1 LTE.\n<li class=\"l\"> B\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb refaktorizim t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkall\u00ebs audio ALSA. Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sistemet audio Microchip SAM9x7, NXP i.MX95 dhe Qualcomm WCD939x. N\u00eb drejtuesin SoundWire \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ASoC me koprocessor\u00ebt audio AMD ACP 6.3, dhe p\u00ebr sistemet Intel \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar moda DSPless. Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodek\u00ebt audio shtes\u00eb Cirrus HD. N\u00eb drejtuesin virtio \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar menaxhimi i pajisjeve audio.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kontrolluesit Ethernet Marvell Octeon PCI Endpoint NIC VF dhe Intel E825-C 100G.            <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u041e \u0441\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b  \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 6.9 &#8212; Linux-libre 6.9-gnu, \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442  \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u0412 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 6.9 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0451\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 amdgpu, ath12k, adreno, btusb \u0438 r8169. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 ptp_fc3. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432 \u0432 dts-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0445 (devicetree) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b Aarch64. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 i915, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0432.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61160\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.9. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c dm-vdo \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0432 FUSE, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f pidfd \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c BPF-\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 Rust \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 ARM64, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0424\u0421 Ext2 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 NTFS, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.0.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.9.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Yuri 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