{"id":115726,"date":"2024-05-13T13:52:06","date_gmt":"2024-05-13T11:52:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-9"},"modified":"2024-05-13T13:52:06","modified_gmt":"2024-05-13T11:52:06","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-9","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i b\u00ebrthamorit t\u00eb Linux 6.9","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas dy muaj zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds prezantoi versionin e kernelit Linux 6.9. Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme jan\u00eb: moduli dm-vdo p\u00ebr deduplication dhe kompresionin e pajisjeve bllokuese, m\u00ebnyra e qasjes direkte n\u00eb skedar\u00eb n\u00eb FUSE, mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr krijimin e pidfd p\u00ebr \u00e7do thread, mekanizmi i token\u00ebve BPF, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr Rust n\u00eb sistemet ARM64, klasifikimi i FS Ext2 si i vjetruar, dhe heqja e drejtuesit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr NTFS, gjithashtu mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin Intel FRED.        <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb versionin e ri jan\u00eb pranuar 15680 rregullime nga 2106 zhvillues, madh\u00ebsia e patch-it \u00ebsht\u00eb 54 MB (ndryshimet prek\u00ebn 11825 skedar\u00eb, jan\u00eb shtuar 687954 rreshta kode, jan\u00eb fshir\u00eb 225344 rreshta). N\u00eb versionin e kaluar ishin 15641 rregullim nga 2018 zhvillues, madh\u00ebsia e patch-it ishte 44 MB. Rreth 42% e t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimeve t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb 6.9 jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me drejtuesit e pajisjeve, p\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht 17% e ndryshimeve kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e kodit specifik p\u00ebr arkitekturat harduerike, 13% \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me shtstin e rrjetit, 7% me sistemet e skedar\u00ebve dhe 4% me n\u00ebn-sistemet e brendshme t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.      <\/p>\n<p>Novitet kryesore n\u00eb kernelin 6.9:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i disqeve, hyrja\/ dalje dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Device Mapper (DM) \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb trajtues i ri dm-vdo (virtual data optimizer), i cili lejon krijimin e nj\u00eb pajisje bllokuese virtuale mbi baz\u00ebn e pajisjeve bllokuese ekzistuese, me mund\u00ebsi si deduplication e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura, kompresionin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, p\u00ebrjashtimin e bllokave bosh dhe rritjen e madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pajisjes bllokuese kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme (thin provisioning). K\u00ebto mund\u00ebsi implementohen n\u00eb nivelin e pajisjes bllokuese dhe nuk varen nga sistemi i skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur (p\u00ebr shembull, me dm-vdo mund t\u00eb implementohet bashkimi automatik i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb dubluara dhe ruajtja e informacionit n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb kompresuar p\u00ebr \u00e7do FS). Mb\u00ebshtetet p\u00ebrdorimi i dm-vdo p\u00ebr ruajtje fizike me madh\u00ebsi deri n\u00eb 256TB, dhe krijimi i volumeve logjik\u00eb me madh\u00ebsi deri n\u00eb 4PB. P\u00ebr menaxhimin e ndarjeve vdo rekomandohet p\u00ebrdorimi i lvm. Teknologjia VDO \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar nga kompania Permabit dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb hapur pas blerjes s\u00eb saj nga Red Hat n\u00eb vitin 2017.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebnsistem FUSE, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar sistemi e skedar\u00ebve n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn p\u00ebrdoruese, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb implementim fillestar i modit \"passthrough\", i cili lejon marrjen direkte t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, duke kaluar procesin q\u00eb punon n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn p\u00ebrdoruese, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ndihmon t\u00eb rritet ndjesh\u00ebm performanca n\u00eb disa situata. P\u00ebr shembull, implementimet e FUSE t\u00eb FS q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb modin vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim dhe ndajn\u00eb qasjen n\u00eb skedar\u00eb, mund t\u00eb japin p\u00ebrmbajtjen e skedar\u00ebve nga FS origjinale pa e kaluar at\u00eb n\u00eb procesin FUSE.\n<li class=\"l\"> Draiveri me implementimin e sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve Ext2 \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb e t\u00eb vjetruarve (deprecated). Si shkak p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet se draiveri mb\u00ebshtet vet\u00ebm numrat e koh\u00ebs 32-bit n\u00eb inode, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb mbushen m\u00eb 19 janar 2038. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb draiverit ext2, sugjerohet p\u00ebrdorimi i draiverit ext4, i cili mb\u00ebshtet pun\u00ebn me sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Ext2 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht kompatibil me t\u00eb, por q\u00eb gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb stamps, t\u00eb pa prekura nga problemi i vitit 2038, n\u00ebse FS \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar me inode q\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe se 255 byte (n\u00eb draiverin ext2, numrat 32-bit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs p\u00ebrdoren pavar\u00ebsisht nga madh\u00ebsia e inode).\n<li class=\"l\"> Draiveri i vjet\u00ebr i sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve NTFS \u00ebsht\u00eb fshir\u00eb, dhe nga versioni 5.15 e tutje, ka ardhur nj\u00eb draiver i ri NTFS3. Prandaj, ofrimi n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb i dy draiver\u00ebve me implementimin e NTFS \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruar i pap\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm, duke marr\u00eb parasysh se draiveri i vjet\u00ebr nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr shum\u00eb vite, ndodhet n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb keqe dhe mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb modin e leximit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemet e skedar\u00ebve zonefs dhe hugetlbfs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr mapimin e identifikuesve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb montuar, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhur skedar\u00ebt e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndarje t\u00eb huaj t\u00eb montuar me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb sistemin aktual.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb NFSv4, administrator\u00ebt kan\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb pastrojn\u00eb gjendjet e hapjes dhe bllokimit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Ext4, jan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar vet\u00ebm rregullime t\u00eb defekteve dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsime t\u00eb testeve kunit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Btrfs \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduar p\u00ebrkthimi i funksioneve n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e folio-ve t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories (page folios).\n<li class=\"l\">  N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve XFS, \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduar puna p\u00ebr realizimin e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb utilitarit fsck p\u00ebr kontrollin dhe korrigjimin e problemeve t\u00eb identifikuara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn online, pa e shk\u00ebputur sistemin e skedar\u00ebve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb thirrjen sistemike pwritev2() \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar flag RWF_NOAPPEND, i cili lejon specifikimin e pozicionit p\u00ebr shkrimin, edhe n\u00ebse skedari \u00ebsht\u00eb hapur n\u00eb modin e vet\u00ebm t\u00eb shtimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb fund t\u00eb skedarit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb shtuar komandat e reja ioctl: FS_IOC_GETUUID \u2014 kthen identifikuesin UUID t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, dhe FS_IOC_GETFSSYSFSPATH \u2014 p\u00ebrcakton vendndodhjen n\u00eb \/sys\/fs t\u00eb FS t\u00eb montuar.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemet e skedimeve efs, qnx4 dhe coda jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur API-n\u00eb e re p\u00ebr montimin e seksioneve.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar implementimi i operacioneve me skedat q\u00eb kryhen pa marr\u00eb parasysh regjistrin e simboleve. Performanca \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur duke filluar me krahasimin me regjistrin dhe duke u rikthyer n\u00eb k\u00ebrkimin pa marr parasysh regjistrin. Jan\u00eb zgjidhur problemet kur montoni overlayfs mbi direktori, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur regjimi pa marr\u00eb parasysh regjistrin e simboleve.                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Memorie dhe sh\u00ebrbime sistemike<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin Intel FRED (Flexible Return and Event Delivery), i krijuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar efikasitetin dhe besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e dor\u00ebzimit t\u00eb informacionit p\u00ebr ngjarjet me nivel t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, krahasuar me mekanizmin e tanish\u00ebm IDT (Interrupt Descriptor Table). Rritja e performanc\u00ebs dhe reduktimi i vonesave sigurohet me kthimin e ngjarjeve nga instruksioni i procesorit IRET n\u00eb vend t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb ngjarjeve p\u00ebrmes tabel\u00ebs IDT. Besueshm\u00ebria p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb ardhjes s\u00eb ngjarjeve n\u00eb kontekstin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe kontekstin e p\u00ebrdoruesit, mbrojtjes nga ekzekutimi i ngjizur NMI dhe ruajtjes n\u00eb korniz\u00ebn e zgjeruar t\u00eb grumbullit t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha regjistrave t\u00eb lidhur me p\u00ebrjashtimin e CPU.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e optimizimit t\u00eb qasjes n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e b\u00ebrthamave t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb CPU-s\u00eb p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrdorimit n\u00eb kodin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs t\u00eb hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb adresave t\u00eb em\u00ebruara (Named Address Spaces), t\u00eb realizuara n\u00eb GCC n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb zgjerimi GNU C.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb funksionin pidfd_open() \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar flagu PIDFD_THREAD, q\u00eb lejon krijimin e pidfd p\u00ebr b\u00ebrthama t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, dhe jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrdorimin e pidfd n\u00eb kontekstin e liderit t\u00eb grupit t\u00eb b\u00ebrthamave. Gjithashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar implementimi i nj\u00eb FS pseudo p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb pidfd p\u00ebrmes sistemit virtual t\u00eb skedave. N\u00eb dallim nga identifikimi i proceseve p\u00ebrmes pid, identifikuesi pidfd lidhet me nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb caktuar dhe nuk ndryshon, nd\u00ebrsa PID pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb procesit aktual mund t\u00eb lidhet me nj\u00eb proces tjet\u00ebr.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebnsistemin BPF \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mekanizmi i BPF-tokens, q\u00eb lejon delegimin selektiv t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb qasjes n\u00eb operacione t\u00eb privilegjuara BPF p\u00ebr programet, p\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb ofrohet qasja p\u00ebr nj\u00eb aplikacion t\u00eb paprivilgjuar n\u00eb n\u00ebnsisteme t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta BPF pa i dh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb drejtat CAP_BPF.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nj\u00eb lloj i ri memorjeje t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt bpf_arena \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin BPF, i cili p\u00ebrcakton nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb aksesueshme p\u00ebr ndarjen p\u00ebr programet BPF dhe proceset n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit. Shtuar instruksioni may_goto, q\u00eb lejon organizimin e pun\u00ebs s\u00eb cikleve, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrpriten nga verifikuesi. Shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar nga programet BPF cookie TCP SYN dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar BPF-handler p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar me fillimet SYN.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vazhdon transferimi i ndryshimeve nga dega Rust-for-Linux, e lidhur me p\u00ebrdorimin e gjuh\u00ebs Rust si gjuh\u00eb e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvillimin e drejtuesve dhe moduleve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs (mb\u00ebshtetjeja p\u00ebr Rust nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aktive nga default dhe nuk \u00e7on n\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjen e Rust n\u00eb var\u00ebsit\u00eb e detyrueshme p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs). \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e gjuh\u00ebs Rust n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt 64-bit ARM. \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar kalimi n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e versionit Rust 1.76. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar makroja 'container_of!'. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb funksionaliteteve t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme 'ptr_metadata' \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur metoda e q\u00ebndrueshme 'byte_sub'. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar moduli 'time' me funksionin e konvertimit t\u00eb koh\u00ebs 'msecs_to_jiffies()'.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin io_uring \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb prishur skedar\u00ebt (ftruncate_file).\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar nj\u00eb lloj i ri i radh\u00ebve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs WQ_BH (workqueue Bottom Halves) p\u00ebr t\u00eb ekzekutuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb asinkrone kodin n\u00eb kontekstin e nd\u00ebrprerjeve programore, i dedikuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb vend t\u00eb tasklet-eve t\u00eb vjetruara.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00ebn-sistemi i pun\u00ebs me timer \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar ndjesh\u00ebm, ku logjika p\u00ebrzgjedhjes s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs aktive t\u00eb CPU p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar timer-in e aktivizuar \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos nxjerr\u00eb nga gjumi b\u00ebrthamat e paaktivizuara.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimit t\u00eb modelit t\u00eb konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs (EM, Energy Model) gjat\u00eb funksionimit, e cila mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb parasysh ndikimin e temperatur\u00ebs operuese n\u00eb efikasitetin energjetik t\u00eb CPU. Ekipimi i funksionit em_cpu_energy() \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar ndjesh\u00ebm, i cili tani ekzekutohet n\u00eb testet n\u00eb sistemin e pal\u00ebvizsh\u00ebm 1.43 her\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb testin n\u00eb bordin RockPi 4B \u2014 1.69 her\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr nisjen e sistemeve t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn ARM64 n\u00eb modalitetin LPA2 me nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb adresash virtuale 52-bit.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemet ARM64 \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sh\u00ebnimet e vazhdueshme PTE (Page Table Entry), duke lejuar rritjen e performanc\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit t\u00eb efikasitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb TLB (Translation Lookaside Buffer).\n<li class=\"l\"> Patch-e t\u00eb pranuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur performanc\u00ebn e n\u00ebn-sistemit t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb memories duke reduktuar shfaqjen e bllokimeve konkurruese n\u00eb vmalloc().\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn LoongArch \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm i nxeht\u00eb p\u00ebr vendosjen e patch-eve n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb (live patching), i cili lejon aplikimin e rregullimeve n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb pa e riparuese at\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemet RISC-V \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr thirrjen e sistemit membarrier(), e cila siguron vendosjen e barrierave t\u00eb memories p\u00ebr planet q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb sistem.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb rritur k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr versionin LLVM\/Clang q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. Tani p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin k\u00ebrkohet t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn versioni LLVM 13.0.1 (m\u00eb par\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetej nd\u00ebrtimi n\u00eb LLVM 11+).\n<li class=\"l\"> Mekanizmi \u2018User trace events\u2019, q\u00eb lejon krijimin e ngjarjeve t\u00eb gjurmimit nga proceset e p\u00ebrdoruesit p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur aktivitetin n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, ka marr\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr eksportin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb ngjarjeve n\u00eb formate t\u00eb ndryshme (USER_EVENT_REG_MULTI_FORMAT).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin e gjurmimit t\u00eb thirrjeve t\u00eb funksioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur gjendjen e argumenteve hyr\u00ebse t\u00eb funksionit gjat\u00eb gjurmimit t\u00eb daljes nga funksioni. Vlerat e operatorit return tani mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me argumentet e p\u00ebrdorura gjat\u00eb thirrjes s\u00eb funksionit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb utilitarin perf \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modin e agregimit t\u00eb daljes \u2018cluster\u2019 (\u2018perf stat -a \u2014per-cluster\u2019) p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashkuar statistikat e resurset e ndara. \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e angazhimit t\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebs libcapstone p\u00ebr disasemblimin e instrukcioneve t\u00eb procesorit (\u2018perf script -F disasm\u2019). Jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb optimizime n\u00eb konsumimin e memories gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb komandave perf report\u2019 dhe \u2018perf annotate\u2019.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizimi dhe siguria<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mbrojtja nga ndjeshm\u00ebria RFDS (Register File Data Sampling) n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Intel Atom, e cila lejon t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb informacionin e mbetur nga skedar\u00ebt e regjistrave (RF, Register File) t\u00eb procesorit, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr ruajtjen e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb regjistrave n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha detyrat n\u00eb at\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb CPU. P\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar ndjeshm\u00ebrin\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i mikrokodit dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i instrukcionit VERW p\u00ebr t\u00eb pastruar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e buffers mikroarkitekturore n\u00eb momentin e kthimit nga b\u00ebrthama n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit. P\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar mbrojtjen gjat\u00eb ngarkimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrthames, mund t\u00eb spesifikoni flamurin \u2018reg_file_data_sampling=on\u2019. Informacioni mbi ndjeshm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe disponueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e mikrokodit t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr mbrojtje mund t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet n\u00eb skedarin \u2018\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/vulnerabilities\/reg_file_data_sampling\u2019.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje baz\u00eb p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e sistemeve mikprit\u00ebse me an\u00eb t\u00eb zgjerimit AMD SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging), q\u00eb siguron funksionim t\u00eb sigurt me tabelat e brendshme t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories dhe mbron nga sulmet \u2018undeSErVed\u2019 dhe \u2018SEVerity\u2019 n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt AMD EPYC, t\u00eb cilat lejojn\u00eb kalimin p\u00ebrmes mekanizmit t\u00eb mbrojtjes AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization). N\u00eb <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"4384\">KVM<\/a> Ndryshimet e nevojshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e SNP planifikohen t\u00eb shtohen n\u00eb deg\u00ebn 6.10.\n<li class=\"l\"> Modulet q\u00eb zbatojn\u00eb teknologjit\u00eb IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) dhe EVM (Extended Verification Module) jan\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur kuadrin LSM (Linux Security Modules), i cili pa humbur funksionalitetin ka leht\u00ebsuar ndjesh\u00ebm kodin, ka bashkuar funksionalitetin e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur dhe ka angazhuar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb modelore t\u00eb disponueshme p\u00ebrmes LSM. Moduli IMA \u00ebsht\u00eb projektuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar integritetin e komponenteve t\u00eb sistemit operativ p\u00ebrmes n\u00ebnshkrimeve digjitale dhe hash-eve. Moduli EVM lejon mbrojtjen e atributeve t\u00eb zgjeruara t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve (xattrs) nga sulmet q\u00eb synojn\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb integritetin e tyre (EVM nuk do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb kryerjen e nj\u00eb sulmi offline, ku nj\u00eb sulmues mund t\u00eb modifikoj\u00eb metadatat, p\u00ebr shembull, duke u ngarkuar nga pajisja e tij).\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemet e thirrjeve lsm_list_modules(), lsm_get_self_attr() dhe lsm_set_self_attr() jan\u00eb ristrukturuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebri m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe me ambientet 32-bit, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb destinuara p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur list\u00ebn e moduleve t\u00eb LSM t\u00eb ngarkuara (Linux Security Modules) dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb\/ajustuar atributet e modulit t\u00eb LSM. Ky ndryshim shkel p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb prapa, por pasi thirrjet e reja jan\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb l\u00ebshimin e fundit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr momentin nuk p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb aplikacione, Linus Torvalds e konsideroi k\u00ebt\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb pranuesh\u00ebm.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb rifilluar p\u00ebrdorimin e mekanizmit UBSAN (Undefined Behavior Sanitizer). Thelbi i problemit \u00ebsht\u00eb se kompilator\u00ebt i trajtojn\u00eb ndryshe mbingarkesat e numrave t\u00eb plot\u00eb me shenja dhe t\u00eb pa-shenj\u00eb. Mbingarkesat me shenja dhe mbingarkesat e treguesve bien n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb e sjelljeve t\u00eb paqarta, nd\u00ebrsa mbingarkesat e pa-shenj\u00eb kufizohen modulo 2n duke ruajtur vet\u00ebm bitet m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb rezultatit (\"wrap-around\") dhe nuk bien n\u00ebn sjelljen e paqart\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuar situatat q\u00eb ndodhin e paqart\u00eb, b\u00ebrthama nd\u00ebrtohet me opsionin \"-fno-strict-overflow\", i cili \u00e7on n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e \"wrap-around\" p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha mbingarkesat e numrave t\u00eb plot\u00eb. GCC dhe Clang nuk mund t\u00eb diagnostikojn\u00eb si\u00e7 duhet disa probleme kur p\u00ebrdorim k\u00ebt\u00eb flamur dhe p\u00ebrfshirja e UBSAN ka p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim zhvillimin e nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimi me zhvilluesit e kompilator\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar alarmin e rrem\u00eb q\u00eb ndodh dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar mbingarkesat e numrave t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb vende ku nuk ka kontrolle t\u00eb dukshme.\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar mbingarkesat e mundshme n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren konstrukte t\u00eb tipit \"var + offset\". <var> PAGE_SHIFT)\") &lt; pgoff){..}&quot;), t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me nd\u00ebrtimin me flamurin &quot;-fno-strict-overflow&quot; dhe nuk mbulojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kodin ku potencialisht mund t\u00eb ndodhin mbingarkesa. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se, kur p\u00ebrdoret UBSAN, verifikime t\u00eb tilla sillnin nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh alarmesh t\u00eb rreme dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye n\u00eb vitin 2021, UBSAN u desh t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizohej. N\u00eb implementimin e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar p\u00ebrdorimi i annotimeve speciale __signed_wrap dhe __unsigned_wrap, si dhe makro t\u00eb gatshme me verifikimet add_would_overflow(a, b) dhe add_wrap(a, b), q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb ndarjen e p\u00ebrdorimeve t\u00eb parashikuara nga zhvilluesit t\u00eb mbingarkesave t\u00eb numrave me shenja nga ndodhit\u00eb e rast\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mbingarkesave q\u00eb mund t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb vulnerabilities. Propozimi p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ripunim m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs me futjen e definicion\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb tipave \u00ebsht\u00eb refuzuar nga Linus Torvalds.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi rrjetor<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">  N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistem t\u00eb rrjetit \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb pun\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar ndodhit\u00eb e bllokimeve konkurruese (\"lock contention\", p\u00ebrpjekja p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb bllokim, t\u00eb mbajtur nga nj\u00eb thread tjet\u00ebr). \u00cbsht\u00eb reduktuar p\u00ebrdorimi i bllokimeve RTNL.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtesa e mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb polling aktiv t\u00eb soket\u00ebve (busy polling) n\u00eb kontekstin e thirrjeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta epoll. Madh\u00ebsia e rezervuarit dhe parametrat e buxhetit mund t\u00eb vendosen ndaras nga parametrat sistemik\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Struktura net_hotdata \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar efikasitetin e caching t\u00eb variablave m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb konfigurimin e rrjetit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb MPTCP \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr vendosjen e opsioneve TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT p\u00ebr soketat, q\u00eb lejon kufizimin e madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tamponit t\u00eb d\u00ebrgimit. N\u00eb API-n\u00eb p\u00ebr soketat MCTP \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr identifikuesit e rrjeteve (&#171;network ID&#187;), q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb nj\u00eb host disa rrjete MCTP q\u00eb nuk nd\u00ebrhyn\u00eb me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb IPSec \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ridrejtimin e mesazheve ICMP me informacione p\u00ebr gabimet (RFC 4301).\n<li class=\"l\"> Procesi i skanimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebve me jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb skaduar \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar.\n<li class=\"l\"> Puna e XDP \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar fal\u00eb shmangies m\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb alokimit t\u00eb blloqeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb memories.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e bashk\u00ebngjitjes s\u00eb metadata-s n\u00eb mesazhet netconsole.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Netfilter \u00ebsht\u00eb lejuar definimi nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit t\u00eb tabelave, t\u00eb cilat lidhen me procesin administrativ dhe nuk fshihen automatikisht pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb aplikacionit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb nftables \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar shtimi i elementeve n\u00eb set-t\u00eb me intervale t\u00eb bashkuara.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pajisje<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin i915, \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduar puna p\u00ebr realizimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr \u00e7ipet Intel LunarLake (Xe 2). Jan\u00eb shtuar identifikator\u00eb t\u00eb rinj PCI p\u00ebr pajisjet q\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb \u00e7ipet Intel Arrow Lake dhe Alder Lake N. P\u00ebr Displayport \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr tunneling (DP tunneling) dhe alokimin e bandwidth-it. P\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha platformat \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb regjimi fastboot. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr output-in diagnostikues n\u00eb lidhje me pajisje t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin AMDGPU \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar p\u00ebrgatitja p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr GPU AMD RDNA3.5 dhe RDNA4. Jan\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ATHUB 4.1, LSDMA 7.0, JPEG DPG, IH 7.0, HDP 7.0, VCN 5.0, SMU 13.0.6, NBIO 7.11, SDMA 6.1, MMHUB 3.3, DCN 3.5.1, NBIF 6.3.1, VPE 6.1.1 dhe kuadri RAS ACA. N\u00eb modulin e b\u00ebrthames \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar parameteri freesync_video p\u00ebr aktivizimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes eksperimentale p\u00ebr optimizimin e kalimit t\u00eb regjimeve video duke p\u00ebrdorur teknologjin\u00eb e sinkronizimit adaptiv FreeSync.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin Nouveau, kodi i menaxhimit t\u00eb ekranit \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e funksionit kmemdup().\n<li class=\"l\"> E pavijuar puna mbi drejtuesin DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) p\u00ebr GPU t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn Intel Xe, e cila p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb kartat grafike Intel t\u00eb familjes Arc dhe grafik\u00ebn e integruar, duke filluar nga procesor\u00ebt Tiger Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar drejtuesi DRM p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat Mediatek MT8188 VDOSYS1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Cil\u00ebsimet e lidhura me n\u00ebn-sistemet e videos jan\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb seksionin CONFIG_VIDEO.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ARM64 SoC: Mediatek MT7981B (Filogic 820), MT7988A (Filogic 880), NXP i.MX8DXP, Renesas R8A779G2 (R-Car V4H ES2.0), R8A779H0 (R-Car V4M), TI J722S.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr platformat dhe pajisjet ARM: telefonat Android q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb me \u00e7ipin Tegra30, modelet Chromebook q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb me Mediatek MT8186, NAS, tablet\u00eb dhe konsola lojrash q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb me Rockchips RK35xx, pllaka White Hawk q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin SoC Renesas, pllaka q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin Qualcomm SM8550 (Snapdragon 8 Gen 2), Apalis Evaluation Board, Sielaff i.MX6 Solo Board, Samsung Galaxy Tab 4 10.1 LTE.\n<li class=\"l\"> Kryer refaktorizimi i kodit t\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemit t\u00eb tingujve ALSA. Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sistemet e tingujve Microchip SAM9x7, NXP i.MX95 dhe Qualcomm WCD939x. N\u00eb drejtuesin SoundWire \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje ASoC me procesor\u00ebt e tingullit AMD ACP 6.3, dhe p\u00ebr sistemet Intel \u00ebsht\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur moda DSPless. Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kodek\u00ebt e tingullit Cirrus HD. N\u00eb drejtuesin virtio \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar menaxhimi i pajisjeve audio.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kontrollor\u00ebt Ethernet Marvell Octeon PCI Endpoint NIC VF dhe Intel E825-C 100G.            <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, Fondi Latin Amerikan p\u00ebr Softin e Lir\u00eb formoi nj\u00eb variant t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb t\u00eb kernelit 6.9 &#8212; Linux-libre 6.9-gnu, t\u00eb pastruar nga element\u00ebt e firmware-it dhe drejtuesve q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb komponent\u00eb t\u00eb pa lir\u00eb ose pjes\u00eb kodi, p\u00ebrdorimi i t\u00eb cil\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar nga prodhuesi. N\u00eb versionin 6.9 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar kodi i pastrimit t\u00eb blob\u00ebve n\u00eb drejtuesit amdgpu, ath12k, adreno, btusb dhe r8169. \u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pastrimi i drejtuesit t\u00eb ri ptp_fc3. \u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pastrimi i emrave t\u00eb blob\u00ebve n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt dts (devicetree) p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn Aarch64. Jan\u00eb zgjidhur problemet me pastrimin e drejtuesit i915, q\u00eb \u00e7onin n\u00eb ng\u00ebr\u00e7 gjat\u00eb inicializimit. Jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime n\u00eb lidhje me p\u00ebrpunimin e blob\u00ebve t\u00eb ofruar n\u00eb form\u00ebn e dump-eve n\u00eb hexadecimal.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61160\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.9. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c dm-vdo \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0432 FUSE, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f pidfd \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c BPF-\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 Rust \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 ARM64, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0424\u0421 Ext2 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0445, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 NTFS, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-115726","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 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