{"id":116613,"date":"2024-06-18T12:05:50","date_gmt":"2024-06-18T10:05:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/tiktag-ataka-na-mehanizm-spekulyativnogo-vypolneniya-v-cpu-arm-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-zashhitu-memtag"},"modified":"2024-06-18T12:05:50","modified_gmt":"2024-06-18T10:05:50","slug":"tiktag-ataka-na-mehanizm-spekulyativnogo-vypolneniya-v-cpu-arm-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-zashhitu-memtag","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/tiktag-ataka-na-mehanizm-spekulyativnogo-vypolneniya-v-cpu-arm-pozvolyayushhaya-obojti-zashhitu-memtag","title":{"rendered":"TikTag \u2014 sulm ndaj mekanizmit t\u00eb ekzekutimit spekulativ n\u00eb CPU ARM, q\u00eb lejon kalimin mbi mbrojtjen MemTag","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Nj\u00eb grup hulumtuesish nga Universiteti i Seulit dhe kompania Samsung kan\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb teknik\u00eb sulmi n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt ARM, e cila ka marr\u00eb emrin kodor TikTag, e cila mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar mekanizmin e mbrojtjes harduerike MemTag (MTE, Memory Tagging Extension), i pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb \u00e7ipat me arkitektur\u00eb ARMv8.5-A. Sulmi lejon t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet p\u00ebrmbajtja e etiketave TikTag p\u00ebr adresat e kujtes\u00ebs p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rrjedhjeve t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb ndodhin si rezultat i ekzekutimit spekulator t\u00eb instrukcioneve t\u00eb CPU. <\/p>\n<p>Teknologjia MemTag ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb lidhur etiketat me zona n\u00eb kujtes\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar kontrollin e sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb treguesve p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar shfryt\u00ebzimin e dob\u00ebsive, t\u00eb shkaktuara nga referencat n\u00eb blloqe kujtes\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb \u00e7liruar tashm\u00eb, mbushja e tampon\u00ebve dhe referencat para inicializimit. Duke p\u00ebrdorur MemTag, p\u00ebr \u00e7do 16 byte kujtes\u00eb fizike krijohet nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb 4-bit\u00ebsh, e cila vepron si nj\u00eb lloj \u00e7el\u00ebsi p\u00ebr akses n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kujtes\u00eb. Etiketa mund t\u00eb gjenerohet nga aplikacioni p\u00ebr zon\u00ebn e kujtes\u00ebs t\u00eb ndar\u00eb p\u00ebrmes instrukcioneve speciale t\u00eb CPU, dhe pastaj ruhet n\u00eb bitat e sip\u00ebrm t\u00eb pa p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb treguesit. Kur qasje n\u00eb kujtes\u00eb p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb tregues t\u00eb etiketuar, procesori kontrollon p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e etiket\u00ebs, t\u00eb lidhur me treguesin, me etiketat e lidhura me blloqet e kujtes\u00ebs dhe lejon aksesin vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse etiketat p\u00ebrputhen. <\/p>\n<p>Metoda e propozuar e sulmit lejon t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen etiketat e lidhura me blloqet e kujtes\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb mbrojtjen MemTag. Hulumtuesit demonstruan mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e kryerjes s\u00eb sulmit TikTag p\u00ebrmes shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb dob\u00ebsive n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux dhe n\u00eb shfletuesin Chrome, duke p\u00ebrdorur sekuenca instruksionesh ekzistuese (gadgets) n\u00eb k\u00ebto produkte q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb ekzekutimin spekulator t\u00eb kodit. Gadgets t\u00eb tilla, kur ekzekutohen n\u00eb modalitet spekulator t\u00eb kodit q\u00eb punon me treguesit, shkaktojn\u00eb leximin e metadatas MemTag n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb kushteve t\u00eb jashtme, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb ndikohen nga sulmuesi. Pas p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb parashikimit t\u00eb gabuar, rezultati i ekzekutimit spekulator \u00ebsht\u00eb i hedhur posht\u00eb, por t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e marra mbeten n\u00eb cache dhe mund t\u00eb nxirren m\u00eb pas p\u00ebrmes analiz\u00ebs nga kanale t\u00eb tjera. Probabiliteti i suksessh\u00ebm p\u00ebr kalimin e mbrojtjes MemTag n\u00eb testet e kryera \u00ebsht\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar n\u00eb 95% gjat\u00eb kryerjes s\u00eb sulmit p\u00ebr rreth 4 sekonda.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"TikTag - nj\u00eb sulm ndaj mekanizmit t\u00eb ekzekutimit spekulativ n\u00eb CPU ARM, q\u00eb lejon t\u00eb kalohen mbrojtjet MemTag\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/449bdf2385ce1e4f416fa23a8b55583b.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Jan\u00eb identifikuar dy lloje gadgets q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb rrjedhjen e informacionit mbi etiketat MemTag. N\u00eb rastin e par\u00eb, ekzekutimi spekulativ ndodh p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb parashikimi t\u00eb gabuar t\u00eb kalimit, dhe kushtet p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e gadgets mund t\u00eb krijohen n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet manipulimeve me thirrjet sistemike. N\u00eb rastin e dyt\u00eb,<br \/>\nKryerimi spekullativ lindet nga nj\u00eb gabim n\u00eb parashikimin e nd\u00ebrveprimit midis operacioneve t\u00eb leximit dhe shkrimit gjat\u00eb optimizimit STLF (Store-To-Load-Forwarding), e cila lejon q\u00eb etiketa t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet duke vler\u00ebsuar gjendjen e cache-it (n\u00ebse etiketa p\u00ebrputhet, vlera do t\u00eb ridrejtohet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nga urdhri i kaluar \"store\" n\u00eb operacionin \"load\" dhe do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb gjendjen e cache-it). Lloji i par\u00eb i pajisjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr sulmin n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux, nd\u00ebrsa lloji i dyt\u00eb n\u00eb motorin JavaScript V8, i p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb shfletuesit e bazuar n\u00eb Chromium. Prototipi i mjetit p\u00ebr realizimin e sulmit \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar n\u00eb GitHub.<\/p>\n<p><center><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"TikTag - nj\u00eb sulm ndaj mekanizmit t\u00eb ekzekutimit spekulativ n\u00eb CPU ARM, q\u00eb lejon t\u00eb kalohen mbrojtjet MemTag\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/520ec0c4308a1c5da52114d92ef4d0d3.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"TikTag - nj\u00eb sulm ndaj mekanizmit t\u00eb ekzekutimit spekulativ n\u00eb CPU ARM, q\u00eb lejon t\u00eb kalohen mbrojtjet MemTag\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/f6618d885c0d2580924c2d678f1c40cb.png\" style=\"display:block;margin: 0 auto;\" \/><\/center><\/p>\n<p>Kompania ARM konfirmoi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e kryerjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb sulmi n\u00eb sistemet me procesor\u00eb Cortex-X2, Cortex-X3, Cortex-A510, Cortex-A520, Cortex-A710, Cortex-A715 dhe Cortex-A720, por nuk ka nd\u00ebrmend t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb ndryshime n\u00eb CPU p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar problemin, pasi arkitektura MemTag n\u00ebnkupton se etiketat nuk jan\u00eb informacione t\u00eb fshehta p\u00ebr aplikacionet. N\u00eb baz\u00ebn e kodit Chromium, problemi gjithashtu mbetet i pazgjidhur, pasi n\u00eb shfletuesin Chrome mbrojtja mbi baz\u00ebn e MemTag nuk aplikohet ende si parazgjedhje. Ekipi p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb e platform\u00ebs Android pranoi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e kryerjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb sulmi n\u00eb pajisjet Pixel 8, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdoret mbrojtja MemTag, shtoi rregullime p\u00ebr bllokimin e rrjedhjeve dhe shprehu gatishm\u00ebrin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb paguar nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrblim p\u00ebr gjetjen e dob\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Si metoda p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar sulmin, hulumtuesit sugjerojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e instruksioneve sb ose isb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar ekzekutimin spekulativ gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb operacioneve kritike me kujtes\u00ebn, ose t\u00eb futin mes instruksioneve t\u00eb ndarjes dhe instruksioneve p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb kujtes\u00eb mbushje nga instrukcione t\u00eb tjera.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61389\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0435\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Samsung \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u044b ARM, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f TikTag, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b MemTag (MTE, Memory Tagging Extension), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b ARMv8.5-A. \u0410\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432 TikTag \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":116614,"comment_status":"","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-116613","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0421\u0435\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e 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