{"id":119616,"date":"2024-08-25T21:43:04","date_gmt":"2024-08-25T19:43:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/yadru-linux-ispolnilos-33-goda"},"modified":"2026-02-08T18:08:37","modified_gmt":"2026-02-08T16:08:37","slug":"yadru-linux-ispolnilos-33-goda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/yadru-linux-ispolnilos-33-goda","title":{"rendered":"B\u00ebrthama Linux mbushi 33 vjet","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>M\u00eb 25 gusht 1991, pas pes\u00eb muajsh zhvillimi, studenti 21-vje\u00e7ar Linus Torvalds shpalli n\u00eb konferenc\u00ebn e telekomunikacionit comp.os.minix krijimin e nj\u00eb prototipi funksional t\u00eb nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb ri operativ Linux, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ishte v\u00ebn\u00eb re p\u00ebrfundimi i portimit t\u00eb bash 1.08 dhe gcc 1.40. L\u00ebshimi i par\u00eb publik i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux u b\u00eb m\u00eb 17 shtator. B\u00ebrthama 0.0.1 kishte madh\u00ebsin\u00eb 62 KB n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb kompresuar dhe p\u00ebrmbante rreth 10 mij\u00eb rreshta kodi burimor. B\u00ebrthama moderne e Linux p\u00ebrmban m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 35 milion rreshta kodi. Sipas nj\u00eb studimi t\u00eb kryer n\u00eb vitin 2010 me porosi nga Bashkimi Evropian, kostoja e p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt e zhvillimit nga zero e nj\u00eb projekti t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn moderne t\u00eb Linux do t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb miliard dollar\u00eb amerikan\u00eb (llogaritja ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb kur b\u00ebrthama kishte 13 milion rreshta kodi), sipas disa vler\u00ebsimeve \u2014 m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 3 miliard\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Kernel i Linux u krijua n\u00ebn ndikimin e sistemit operativ MINIX, i cili nuk e k\u00ebnaqte Linusin p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb licenc\u00ebs s\u00eb tij t\u00eb kufizuar. M\u00eb von\u00eb, kur Linux u b\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt i njohur, armiqt\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqeshin ta akuzonin Linusin p\u00ebr kopjimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb kodit nga disa n\u00ebnshkalla t\u00eb MINIX. K\u00ebt\u00eb sulm e refuzoi Andrew Tanenbaum, autori i MINIX-it, i cili i ngarkoi nj\u00ebrit prej student\u00ebve t\u00eb tij t\u00eb b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb krahasim t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb MINIX-it dhe versioneve publike t\u00eb para t\u00eb Linux. Rezultatet e studimit treguan se kishte vet\u00ebm kat\u00ebr p\u00ebrputhje jo thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb blloqeve t\u00eb kodit, t\u00eb shkaktuara nga k\u00ebrkesat e POSIX dhe ANSI C.<\/p>\n<p>Fillimisht, Linus kishte menduar ta quante kernelin Freax, nga fjal\u00ebt \u201cfree\u201d, \u201cfreak\u201d dhe X (Unix). Por emri \u201cLinux\u201d e mori kernelin fal\u00eb Ari Lemmke, i cili, me k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e Linusit, vendosi kernelin n\u00eb serverin FTP t\u00eb universitetit, duke e quajtur direktorin\u00eb me arkivin jo \u201cfreax\u201d, si\u00e7 kishte k\u00ebrkuar Torvalds, por \u201clinux\u201d. E ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se biznesmeni William Della Croce arriti t\u00eb regjistroj\u00eb mark\u00ebn tregtare Linux dhe donte t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitonte taksa me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, por m\u00eb von\u00eb e ndryshoi mendjen dhe i kaloi t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb drejtat p\u00ebr mark\u00ebn Linusit. Maskoti zyrtare e kernelit Linux, pingvini Tux, u zgjodh si rezultat i nj\u00eb konkursi q\u00eb u zhvillua n\u00eb vitin 1996. Emri Tux \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb akronim p\u00ebr Torvalds UniX.<\/p>\n<p>Dinamik\u00ebn e rritjes s\u00eb kodit burimor (numri i linjave t\u00eb kodit) t\u00eb kernelit:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>0.0.1 &#8212; shtator 1991, 10 mij\u00eb radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>1.0.0 &#8212; mars 1994, 176 mij\u00eb radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>1.2.0 &#8212; mars 1995, 311 mij\u00eb radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>2.0.0 &#8212; qershor 1996, 778 mij\u00eb radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>2.2.0 &#8212; janar 1999, 1.8 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>2.4.0 &#8212; janar 2001, 3.4 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>2.6.0 &#8212; dhjetor 2003, 5.9 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>2.6.28 &#8212; dhjetor 2008, 10.2 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>2.6.35 &#8212; gusht 2010, 13.4 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>3.0 &#8212; gusht 2011, 14.6 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>3.5 &#8212; korrik 2012, 15.5 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>3.10 &#8212; korrik 2013, 15.8 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>3.16 &#8212; gusht 2014, 17.5 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>4.1 &#8212; qershor 2015, 19.5 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>4.7 &#8212; korrik 2016, 21.7 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>4.12 &#8212; korrik 2017, 24.1 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>4.18 &#8212; gusht 2018, 25.3 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>5.2 &#8212; korrik 2019, 26.55 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>5.8 &#8212; gusht 2020, 28.4 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>5.13 &#8212; qershor 2021, 29.2 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>5.19 &#8212; gusht 2022, 30.5 milion radh\u00eb kodi;<\/li>\n<li>6.4 &#8212; qershor 2023, 32.9 milion radh\u00eb kodi.<\/li>\n<li>6.10 &#8212; korrik 2024, 35.1 milion radh\u00eb kodi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Progresi i zhvillimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 0.0.1 \u2014 Shtator 1991, l\u00ebshimi i par\u00eb publik, q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet vet\u00ebm CPU i386 dhe ngarkohet nga disku;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 0.12 \u2014 Janar 1992, kodi filloi t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahej n\u00ebn licenc\u00ebn GPLv2;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 0.95 \u2014 Mars 1992, u siguruar mund\u00ebsia e ekzekutimit t\u00eb X Window System, u realizua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kujtes\u00ebn virtuale dhe ndarjen e skedar\u00ebve swap.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 0.96-0.99 \u2014 1992-1993, filloi puna mbi stakun rrjet p\u00ebrmbys\u00ebs. U prezantua sistemi i skedar\u00ebve Ext2, u shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr formatin e skedar\u00ebve ELF, u prezantuan t\u00eb drejtat p\u00ebr kartat e z\u00ebrit dhe p\u00ebr kontrolluesit SCSI, u realizua ngarkimi i modulave t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve \/proc.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">N\u00eb vitin 1992 u shfaq\u00ebn distribucionet e para SLS dhe Yggdrasil. Ver\u00ebn e vitit 1993 u themeluan projektet Slackware dhe Debian.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 1.0 \u2014 Mars 1994, l\u00ebshimi i par\u00eb zyrtar dhe stabil;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 1.2 \u2014 Mars 1995, rritje t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb drejtuesve, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr platformat Alpha, MIPS dhe SPARC, zgjerim t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb stakut rrjet, shfaqja e filtrit t\u00eb paketave, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr NFS;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 2.0 \u2014 Qershor 1996, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sisteme t\u00eb shum\u00ebprocesor\u00ebve;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Mars 1997: u themelua LKML, lista e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb zhvilluesve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Viti 1998: u lan\u00e7ua klasteri i par\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00ebn Top500, i bazuar n\u00eb Linux, p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nga 68 nyje me CPU Alpha;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 2.2 \u2014 Janar 1999, rritur efikasiteti i sistemit t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb memories, shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje <a href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/lir\/ipv4\/\">IPv6<\/a>, u realizua nj\u00eb firewall i ri, u prezantua nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe e re p\u00ebr tinguj;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 2.4 \u2014 Shkurt 2001, u siguruar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sisteme me 8 procesor\u00eb dhe 64 GB RAM, sistemi i skedar\u00ebve Ext3, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr USB, ACPI;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Linux 2.6 \u2014 Dhjetor 2003, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr SELinux, mjete p\u00ebr optimizimin automatike t\u00eb parametrave t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, sysfs, sistem i ri i menaxhimit t\u00eb memories;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">N\u00eb vitin 2005 u prezantua hipervizori Xen, i cili hapi er\u00ebn e virtualizimit;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">N\u00eb shtator 2008 u formua versioni i par\u00eb i platform\u00ebs Android, e bazuar n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">N\u00eb korrik 2011, pas 10 vitesh zhvillimi t\u00eb deg\u00ebs 2.6.x, u kalua n\u00eb numeracionin 3.x. Numri i objekteve n\u00eb rezervuarin Git arriti n\u00eb 2 milion;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">N\u00eb vitin 2015, u l\u00ebshua kernel Linux 4.0. Numri i objekteve git n\u00eb rezervuar arriti n\u00eb 4 milion;<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">N\u00eb prill 2018, u kalua kufiri prej 6 milion objekteve git n\u00eb rezervuarin e kernelit.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">N\u00eb janar 2019, u formua dega e kernelit Linux 5.0. Rezervuari arriti n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn 6.5 milion objekteve git.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">Kernel 5.8, i publikuar n\u00eb gusht 2020, u b\u00eb ai me numrin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb ndryshimeve nga t\u00eb gjitha kernel\u00ebt gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb projektit.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">N\u00eb kernelin 5.13 u regjistrua nj\u00eb rekord p\u00ebr numrin e zhvilluesve (2150), ndryshimet nga t\u00eb cil\u00ebt u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb n\u00eb kernel.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">N\u00eb gusht 2022, u formua dega e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux 6.0, pasi n\u00eb deg\u00ebn 5.x u grumbulluan mjaft l\u00ebshime p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar numrin e par\u00eb n\u00eb version.<\/li>\n<li class=\"l\">N\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn 6.1, e l\u00ebshuar n\u00eb dhjetor 2022, u shtua mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebs Rust si gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvillimin e drejtuesve dhe modulin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Rreth 65% e t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimeve n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga 20 kompanit\u00eb m\u00eb aktive. P\u00ebr shembull, gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs 6.10, nga t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimet, 15.3% (n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn 6.9 ishte 12.9%) jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur nga kompania Intel, 7.4% (7.1%) \u2014 Google, 6.9% (5.6%) \u2014 Red Hat, 6.3% (6.4%) \u2014 Linaro, 4.6% (5.7%) \u2014 AMD, 3.3% (2.2%) \u2014 Oracle, 3.2% (2.9%) \u2014 Meta, 2.5% (3.2%) \u2014 SUSE, 2.4% (2.1%) \u2014 IBM, 2.3% (2.4%) \u2014 Huawei, 1.9% (2.1%) \u2014 Qualcomm, 1.5% (1.7%) \u2014 NVIDIA, 1.2% (1.2%) \u2014 ARM. 11.9% (n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn 6.9 \u2014 14.2%) e ndryshimeve jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur nga pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit ose zhvilluesit t\u00eb pavarur, q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb shpallur qart\u00eb pun\u00ebn e tyre p\u00ebr kompani t\u00eb caktuar. Sipas numrit t\u00eb rreshtave t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn 6.10, kompanit\u00eb Intel, Linaro dhe Red Hat jan\u00eb lider\u00ebt, me 13.6%, 13.3% dhe 7.2% (n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn 6.9 lider\u00ebt ishin AMD, Red Hat dhe Intel me pjes\u00ebmarrje 21.7%, 11.5% dhe 8.9%).<\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=61762\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 21-\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0438 comp.os.minix \u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b Linux, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f bash 1.08 \u0438 gcc 1.40. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d 17 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f. \u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e 0.0.1 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 62 \u041a\u0431 \u0432 \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043b\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-119616","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"25 \u0430\u0432\u0433\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430 1991 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 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