{"id":120801,"date":"2024-12-01T03:46:13","date_gmt":"2024-12-01T01:46:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux"},"modified":"2024-12-01T03:46:13","modified_gmt":"2024-12-01T01:46:16","slug":"vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/vyyavlen-uefi-butkit-bootkitty-podstavlyayushhij-vredonosnyj-kod-v-zagruzhaemoe-yadro-linux","title":{"rendered":"U zbulua UEFI bootkit Bootkitty, q\u00eb vendos kod t\u00eb d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn e ngarkuar Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00ebrkuesit nga kompania ESET zbuluan nj\u00eb bootkit t\u00eb ri \"Bootkitty\", q\u00eb instalohet pas thyerrjes s\u00eb sistemit n\u00eb vend t\u00eb bootloader-it GRUB dhe p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb futur komponent\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm n\u00eb kernelin Linux, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt m\u00eb pas i lejojn\u00eb sulmuesit t\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb fshehtas sistemin dhe t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb veprimet e tyre aty. Kjo raportohet si bootkiti i par\u00eb UEFI q\u00eb synon t\u00eb d\u00ebmtoj\u00eb sistemet Linux. <\/p>\n

Bootkitty vendoset n\u00eb skedarin grubx64.efi n\u00eb ndarjen sistemike EFI (EFI system partition, \/boot\/efi\/EFI\/ubuntu) n\u00eb vend t\u00eb bootloader-it standard GRUB. Pas aktivizimit nga firmware UEFI, bootkiti ngarkon n\u00eb memorie bootloader-in real GRUB2 dhe i b\u00ebn ndryshime kodit GRUB2 t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb memorie, duke \u00e7aktivizuar verifikimin e integritetit t\u00eb komponenteve q\u00eb ngarkohen m\u00eb von\u00eb, si dhe shton nj\u00eb trajtues q\u00eb thirret pas shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb imazhit t\u00eb kernelit Linux n\u00eb memorie. Ky trajtues b\u00ebn ndryshime n\u00eb funksionet e ngarkuara n\u00eb memorie t\u00eb kernelit (\u00e7aktivizon verifikimin e modulis sipas n\u00ebnshkrimit dixhital) dhe gjithashtu ndryshon rreshtin e lan\u00e7imit t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb inicializimit nga \" \/init\" n\u00eb \"LD_PRELOAD=\/opt\/injector.so \/init\". <\/p>\n

Biblioteka injector.so intercepton disa operacione SELinux dhe funksionin init_module, i cili m\u00eb pas p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb ngarkuar modulit t\u00eb kernelit \/opt\/dropper.ko. Moduli i kernelit dropper.ko krijon dhe ekzekuton nj\u00eb skedar ekzekutiv \/opt\/observer, pastaj e fsheh veten n\u00eb list\u00ebn e moduleve t\u00eb kernelit dhe vendos trajtuesit e thirrjeve sistemore, si getdents dhe tcp4_seq_show, p\u00ebr t\u00eb fshehur skedarin \/opt\/observer dhe trafikun e caktuar rrjetor. Skedari ekzekutiv \/opt\/observer ngarkohet me modulin e kernelit \/opt\/rootkit_loader.ko, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb ngarkuesi i rootkit-it \/opt\/rootkit.

\"U<\/center> <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb instaluar bootkit-in, k\u00ebrkohet qasje privilegjuar n\u00eb sistem dhe zakonisht k\u00ebto lloje t\u00eb softuer\u00ebve t\u00eb d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm p\u00ebrdoren nga sulmuesit pas nj\u00eb thyerje t\u00eb suksesshme ose kompromitimi t\u00eb sistemit p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar pranin\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb fshehur aktivitete t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme q\u00eb kryhen. Biblioteka injector.so dhe modulet e d\u00ebmshme t\u00eb kernelit vendosen n\u00eb imazhin e RAM- diskut fillestar ose n\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve nga sulmuesi. Ngarkuesi grubx64.efi vendoset n\u00eb ndarjen me skedar\u00ebt p\u00ebr UEFI. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb variantin Bootkitty, q\u00eb ra n\u00eb duar t\u00eb hulumtuesve, modifikimi i funksioneve n\u00eb memorjen e kernelit u realizua p\u00ebrmes offseteve t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuara m\u00eb par\u00eb pa verifikimin e sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb k\u00ebtyre offseteve p\u00ebr versionin e ngarkuar t\u00eb kernelit. Offsetet e p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb Bootkitty ishin t\u00eb aplikueshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr versionet e kernelit dhe GRUB, t\u00eb ofruara n\u00eb l\u00ebshime t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb Ubuntu-s\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb sistemet e tjera shkaktonin d\u00ebshtimin gjat\u00eb ngarkimit. P\u00ebr verifikimin e ngarkuesit Bootkitty (grubx64.efi) u p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb certificat i vet\u00eb-n\u00ebnshkruar, q\u00eb nuk lejonte p\u00ebrdorimin e bootkit n\u00eb sistemet me aktivizuar UEFI Secure Boot pa instaluar certifikat\u00ebn e sulmuesit n\u00eb list\u00ebn e certifikatave t\u00eb besueshme n\u00eb UEFI. K\u00ebto ve\u00e7ori n\u00ebnvizonin hulumtuesit se Bootkitty ishte vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb prototip i bootkit, Ende i pamundur p\u00ebr sulme reale. <\/p>\n

Duke studiuar informacionin e publikuar nga ESET, hulumtuesit nga kompania Binarly REsearch vun\u00eb re mes artefakteve t\u00eb lidhura me Bootkitty imazhet BMP, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura p\u00ebr shfryt\u00ebzimin e dob\u00ebsis\u00eb LogoFAIL, e cila lejon ekzekutimin e kodit n\u00eb nivelin e firmware UEFI dhe kalimin e mekanizmit UEFI Secure Boot. N\u00eb kontekstin e Bootkitty, shfryt\u00ebzimi i dob\u00ebsis\u00eb LogoFAIL ishte aplikuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb list\u00ebn e certifikatave t\u00eb miratuara UEFI nj\u00eb certificat t\u00eb vet\u00eb-n\u00ebnshkruar t\u00eb sulmuesit, me t\u00eb cilin ishte n\u00ebnshkruar ngarkuesi i bootkit-it grubx64.efi, duke lejuar k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb bootkit t\u00eb aktivizohej n\u00eb sisteme me UEFI Secure Boot aktiv pa e shtuar manualisht certifikat\u00ebn. <\/p>\n

Sulmi realizohet p\u00ebrmes vendosjes n\u00eb seksionin ESP (EFI System Partition) t\u00eb nj\u00eb imazhi t\u00eb dizajnuar posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht n\u00eb format BMP p\u00ebr ta shfaqur at\u00eb nga firmware UEFI si logon e prodhuesit. p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb librarive t\u00eb cenueshme n\u00eb firmware UEFI p\u00ebr punimin me imazhe, p\u00ebrpunimi i nj\u00eb imazhi t\u00eb dizajnuar posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb mbip\u00ebrmbushje dhe ekzekutimin e kodit me privilegje t\u00eb firmware UEFI. Dob\u00ebsia LogoFAIL u zbulua nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe preku firmware UEFI, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ato q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb laptop\u00ebt Acer, HP, Fujitsu dhe Lenovo. N\u00eb versionet e reja t\u00eb firmware UEFI problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhur, por shum\u00eb pajisje q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren ende funksionojn\u00eb me versionet e cenueshme t\u00eb firmware.

\"U<\/center>
\n
Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 ESET \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0442 «Bootkitty», \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 GRUB \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f. \u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 UEFI-\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c Linux. 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