{"id":121189,"date":"2024-12-31T15:46:00","date_gmt":"2024-12-31T13:46:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux"},"modified":"2024-12-31T15:46:00","modified_gmt":"2024-12-31T13:46:00","slug":"kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/kollizii-v-sokrashhyonnyh-identifikatorah-kommitov-v-yadre-linux","title":{"rendered":"Kolizionet n\u00eb identifikuesit e shkurtuar t\u00eb komiteteve n\u00eb kernelin Linux","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kees Cook, ish-administrator i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i sistemit kernel.org dhe lider i Ubuntu Security Team, tregoi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e krijimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb commit-i, identifikuesi i shkurtuar i t\u00eb cilit p\u00ebrputhet me nj\u00eb commit t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux. Eksperimenti u krye si nj\u00eb konfirmim t\u00eb nevoj\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb identifikues t\u00eb shkurtuar 16-shifror\u00eb n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux, q\u00eb ishte diskutuar m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00ebn e e-postave t\u00eb zhvilluesve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, por nuk ishte miratuar nga Linus Torvalds.    <\/p>\n<p>Identifikuesit e shkurtuar t\u00eb commit-it formohen duke l\u00ebn\u00eb 12 karakteret e para nga hash-i SHA-1 (48 bit nga 160 bit). Meqen\u00ebse numri i objekteve n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, q\u00eb identifikohen p\u00ebrmes hash-it SHA-1, ka kaluar 13 milion, ndodhia e kolizionit me p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb prefiksi 12-shifror \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje kohe. Si shembuj u treguan already added objects n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen me identifikuesit e tyre 11-shifror\u00eb. Gjithashtu, u p\u00ebrmend se ndodhia e p\u00ebrputhjes s\u00eb identifikuesve 12-shifror\u00eb tashm\u00eb ishte regjistruar n\u00eb tetor, por para se t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohej patch-i, u zbulua nga utiliteti checkpatch.      <\/p>\n<p>Identifikuesit e shkurtruar aplikohen gjat\u00eb publikimit t\u00eb lidhjeve t\u00eb shkurtra p\u00ebr komitetet, si dhe specifikohen gjat\u00eb d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb ndryshimeve n\u00eb etiket\u00ebn &#171;Fixes&#187;, si nj\u00eb lidhje n\u00eb komitin, problemi n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhur n\u00eb patchin e d\u00ebrguar (p.sh., &#171;Fixes: e21d2170f366&#187;). Shfaqja e kolizionit, kur disa ndryshime t\u00eb ndryshme lidheshin me nj\u00eb identifikues t\u00eb shkurtruar, mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7rregullime t\u00eb instrumenteve p\u00ebr analizimin dhe verifikimin e ndryshimeve q\u00eb marrin parasysh p\u00ebrmbajtjen e etiketimeve &#171;Fixes&#187;. P\u00ebr shembull, k\u00ebto etiketa merren parasysh n\u00eb trajtuesin check_fixes, i aplikuar n\u00eb deg\u00ebn linux-next, si dhe n\u00eb skriptet e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb rregullimeve t\u00eb dob\u00ebsive dhe t\u00eb ndjekjes s\u00eb ciklit t\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb patches.      <\/p>\n<p>Linus Torvalds shprehu skepticiz\u00ebm ndaj propozimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur madh\u00ebsin\u00eb minimale t\u00eb identifikuesve t\u00eb shkurtuar, pasi gjat\u00eb faktikisht numri i commits n\u00eb repositor \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb i vog\u00ebl se objekti (rreth 1\/8). N\u00eb fakt, n\u00ebse ndodhin ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje rast\u00ebsore, ato do t\u00eb jen\u00eb mes nj\u00eb commit-i dhe nj\u00eb objekti t\u00eb nj\u00eb tipi tjet\u00ebr (p.sh., blob ose deg\u00eb). Sipas tij, identifikuesit e shkurtuar jan\u00eb t\u00eb shkurtuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb vizual\u00eb, t\u00eb lexuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u cituar, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre aktualisht nuk ka premisa objektive.     <\/p>\n<p>Nj\u00eb nga zhvilluesit propozi nj\u00eb reduktim t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb me rritjen e numrit t\u00eb bit\u00ebve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb format t\u00eb ri bazuar n\u00eb kodimin Base36 (karakteret 0-9a-z) n\u00eb vend t\u00eb shifrave hexadecimale. Sipas Linus-it, nj\u00eb ndryshim i till\u00eb do t\u00eb krijonte m\u00eb shum\u00eb probleme se sa do t\u00eb zgjidhte. Shembuj t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin shtimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr formatin e ri n\u00eb utilitetet ekzistuese dhe futur nj\u00eb identifikues formati p\u00ebr t\u00eb dalluar midis formatit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr dhe atij t\u00eb ri.       <\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr t\u00eb demonstruar se problemi me identifikuesit e shkurtuar nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb teorik dhe q\u00eb zgjidhja e tij nuk duhet t\u00eb shtyhet, Kees Cook formoi nj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb dokumentacionin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, identifikuesi i shkurtuar i t\u00eb cilit (1da177e4c3f4) p\u00ebrputhej me identifikuesin e commit-it p\u00ebr krijimin e deg\u00ebs s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs 2.6.12-rc2. Kjo kolizion ishte gjetur pas 6 or\u00ebsh kalkulimesh n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem me GPU NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3080.     <\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebrzgjedhja u realizua duke p\u00ebrdorur mjetin lucky-commit &#8212; n\u00eb tekstin e patchit t\u00eb synuar u shtuan hap\u00ebsira t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme derisa prefiksi 12-shifror SHA-1 t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhej me prefiksat e shumt\u00eb q\u00eb ishin tashm\u00eb n\u00eb kernels p\u00ebr komitetet. Sipas Case, problemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq shum\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjet e rast\u00ebsishme, sa \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsia e manipulimit t\u00eb identifikuesve t\u00eb shkurtruar p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar disa verifikime.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=62495\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u041a\u0443\u043a (Kees Cook), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 kernel.org \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Security Team, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux. \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 16-\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 Linux, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u041a\u0443\u043a (Kees Cook), \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 kernel.org \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0440 Ubuntu Security Team, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b 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