{"id":121246,"date":"2025-01-06T15:46:02","date_gmt":"2025-01-06T13:46:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/skrytaya-komandnaya-obolochka-v-sintezatore-yamaha-pozvolivshaya-vypolnit-kod-cherez-midi"},"modified":"2025-01-06T15:46:02","modified_gmt":"2025-01-06T13:46:04","slug":"skrytaya-komandnaya-obolochka-v-sintezatore-yamaha-pozvolivshaya-vypolnit-kod-cherez-midi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/skrytaya-komandnaya-obolochka-v-sintezatore-yamaha-pozvolivshaya-vypolnit-kod-cherez-midi","title":{"rendered":"Shell komand\u00ebn e fsheht\u00eb n\u00eb sintetizuesin Yamaha q\u00eb lejon ekzekutimin e kodit p\u00ebrmes MIDI","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Anna Antonenko, e angazhuar n\u00eb zhvillimin e sistemeve t\u00eb integruara dhe n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb lir\u00eb duke zhvilluar sistemin operativ BOSS (BEAM-based Operating System with Security), publikoi rezultatet e inxhinieris\u00eb s\u00eb kund\u00ebrt t\u00eb sintetizuesit muzikor Yamaha PSR-E433. Gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb realizuar, u konstatua nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe shell e obfuskatuar n\u00eb sintetizues, e cila lejonte organizimin e ekzekutimit t\u00eb kodit n\u00eb nivelin e firmware-it. Qasja n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen shell realizohet p\u00ebrmes d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb paketave MIDI me mesazhe SysEx, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb transmetohen duke lidhur sintetizuesin p\u00ebrmes port\u00ebs USB. Informacionet e marr\u00eb gjat\u00eb inxhinieris\u00eb s\u00eb kund\u00ebrt rreth \u00e7ipit dhe firmware-ve, si dhe shembuj t\u00eb kodit dhe dumps p\u00ebr debuggim jan\u00eb publikuar n\u00eb GitHub. <\/p>\n

Interesi p\u00ebr inxhinierin\u00eb e kund\u00ebrt eru nga disa vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, pasi Anna vendosi t\u00eb pastroj\u00eb brend\u00ebsin\u00eb e sintetizuesit nga pluhuri dhe p\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb plot\u00ebsoj\u00eb kuriozitetin e saj q\u00eb lidhet me d\u00ebshir\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb brend\u00ebsin\u00eb e pajisjes. N\u00eb pllaka ishte \u00e7ipi YAMAHA SWL01U, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin n\u00eb internet nuk arriti t\u00eb gjente informacion t\u00eb holl\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Pak muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb, Anna u ndesh me nj\u00eb manual p\u00ebr nj\u00eb model t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm t\u00eb sintetizuesit, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb pinsimi i k\u00ebtij \u00e7ipi. Anna e shpartalloi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri pajisjen dhe filloi eksperimente, duke shfryt\u00ebzuar daljet q\u00eb ishin n\u00eb pllak\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrfaqen e debuggimit JTAG dhe portin UART.

\"Shell<\/center> <\/p>\n

Me ndihm\u00ebn e debugguesit OpenOCD, lidhjes me JTAG dhe eksperimenteve, u zbulua se n\u00eb pllak\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb \u00e7ip me b\u00ebrtham\u00eb procesori ARM7TDMI. Duke studiuar renditjen e memories n\u00eb debuggues, ishte e mundur t\u00eb shkarkohej p\u00ebrmbajtja e firmware-ve t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb ROM dhe Flash-memorie. Pas k\u00ebsaj, imazhet e firmware-ve u analizuan n\u00eb paket\u00ebn p\u00ebr inxhinieri t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt Ghidra. <\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb shqyrtimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb rreshtave t\u00eb ekstraktuara nga firmware, u v\u00ebrejt nj\u00eb grup rreshtash (\"help, \"info\", \"ver\", \"logout\" etj.), q\u00eb i ngjanin komandave t\u00eb shell-it. Studiimi i treguesve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre rreshtave ndihmoi n\u00eb gjetjen e kodit q\u00eb th\u00ebrret funksionet p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar komandat, t\u00eb ngjashme me nd\u00ebrfaqen e hyrjes dhe shell-in e komandave. Gjithashtu u zbulua se p\u00ebr aktivizimin e shell-it ishte parashikuar komanda \"login\", n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn duhet t\u00eb transmetohet passwordi \"#0000\". void shell_run_command(char* command_input) { if (shell_login_state == 0) { if (shell_compare_command(command_input, \"login\") == 0) { shell_ask_passwd(); \/\/ prints \"passwd? \" shell_login_state = 1; } } else if (shell_login_state == 1) { if (shell_compare_command(command_input, \"#0000\") == 0) { shell_login_ok(); \/\/ prints \"login OK\" shell_login_state = 2; } else { shell_print(\"Passwd Error\\r\"); shell_login_state = 0; } } else { \/\/ actually run the command } } <\/p>\n

Studimi i m\u00ebtutjesh\u00ebm i firmware zbuloi se komandat p\u00ebrpunohen n\u00eb paketa, t\u00eb cilat fillojn\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat 8 bajta t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash dhe p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb me kodin 0xf7. Duke qen\u00eb se nd\u00ebrveprimi me sintetizuesin kryhet vet\u00ebm n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet MIDI, dhe specifikimi MIDI p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb lloj mesazhi t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit SysEx, u supozua se ky mesazh mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar komandat. Hipoteza u mb\u00ebshtet edhe nga fakti q\u00eb mesazhet SysEx dhe paketat e interpretuara nga shell-i fillonin me kodin 0xf0, i ndjekur nga identifikuesi i prodhuesit 0x43 (Yamaha). <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb testuar hipotez\u00ebn, u shkrua nj\u00eb skenar Python q\u00eb transmetonte t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e futura n\u00eb paketa t\u00eb protokollit MIDI. Dhe metoda funksionoi: login passwd? #0000 login OK > help logout help ? info ver stack perf-on perf-off perf-disp d dp d xxxxx d\/s xxxxx m ADDRESS DATA m\/b ADDRESS DATA m\/w ADDRESS DATA m\/l ADDRESS DATA > info DevelopName PSR-E433 DevelopNumber #3341 Main DevelopNumber #3341 Make data & time MAY 16 2012 19:00:57 J\/E Select English > <\/p>\n

N\u00eb udh\u00ebzimin q\u00eb shfaqet kur d\u00ebrgohet komanda \"help\", nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb komanda p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e memories. Me ndihm\u00ebn e k\u00ebtyre komandave, ishte e mundur t\u00eb ngarkohej kodi i rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb memory dhe t'i jepeshin menaxhim, duke z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar treguesin n\u00eb stek, i p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr rikthimin pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb procesit t\u00eb komand\u00ebs. Si eksperiment, n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb t\u00eb pa p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb memories, u vendos nj\u00eb aplikacion i thjesht\u00eb i shkruar n\u00eb assembler, q\u00eb shfaqte tekstin \"HeloWrld\" n\u00eb nj\u00eb tregues LCD 8 karakteresh. Programi ishte formuar si nj\u00eb skedar i zakonsh\u00ebm MIDI, q\u00eb mjaftonte t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohej n\u00eb pajisje.

\"Shell<\/center> <\/p>\n

Pas k\u00ebsaj, filloi puna p\u00ebr studimin e karakteristikave t\u00eb daljes s\u00eb grafik\u00ebs n\u00eb LCD, kulmin e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs e p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte p\u00ebrgatitja e kodit q\u00eb shfaqte p\u00ebrmbajtje rast\u00ebsore pikseli n\u00eb zon\u00ebn simbolike, n\u00eb sinkron me riprodhimin e videos Bad Apple n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje t\u00eb jashtme (video me demonstrim).

\"Shell<\/center>
\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\n
Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 BOSS (BEAM-based Operating System with Security), \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 Yamaha PSR-E433. \u0412 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0432\u044b\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0444\u0443\u0441\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 shell-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a shell-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 MIDI-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 SysEx, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":121247,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121246","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Shelli i fshehur n\u00eb sintetizuesin Yamaha, i cili lejonte ekzekutimin 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\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0421\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 Yamaha, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 MIDI | ProHoster","og:description":"\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 \u0410\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f 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