K\u00ebrkuesit p\u00ebr siguri nga kompania Google publikuan informacion mbi nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet (CVE-2024-56161) n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt AMD, i cili prek ngarkuesin e mikrokodit dhe lejon p\u00ebrshkimin e mekanizmit t\u00eb verifikimit t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkrimit digjital gjat\u00eb azhurnimeve t\u00eb mikrokodit. Ngarkimi i mikrokodit t\u00eb modifikuar lejon kompromitimin e mekanizmit AMD SEV (Virtualizimi i Sigurt t\u00eb Kriptuar), i aplikuar n\u00eb sistemet e virtualizimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur makinat virtuale nga nd\u00ebrhyrja e hipervizorit ose administratorit t\u00eb sistemit host. <\/p>\n
Vulnerabiliteti shkaktohet nga p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb funksioni hash t\u00eb pasigurt n\u00eb kodin q\u00eb kryen verifikimin e n\u00ebnshkrimit digjital pas ngarkimit t\u00eb mikrokodit n\u00eb CPU. P\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb sulm, nevojitet t\u00eb kesh t\u00eb drejta administrator n\u00eb sistemin lokal (mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb ekzekutuar kodin n\u00eb nivelin 0 t\u00eb mbrojtjes (ring0), duke mos qen\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb makin\u00eb virtuale). <\/p>\n
Gjat\u00eb sulmit, mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrhet n\u00eb funksionimin e sistemeve mikprit\u00ebse, t\u00eb mbrojtura me t\u00eb gjitha zgjerimet AMD SEV (Virtualizimi i Sigurt t\u00eb Kriptuar) dhe SEV-SNP (P\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi i Sigurt i Zgjatur), t\u00eb cilat ofrojn\u00eb garanci p\u00ebr integritetin e memories. makinat virtuale<\/a>, duke izoluara regjistrat e procesor\u00ebve dhe duke siguruar funksionimin e sigurt me tabelat e brendshme t\u00eb memories. Mekanizmi AMD SEV \u00ebsht\u00eb krijuar p\u00ebr t'u siguruar q\u00eb stafi i qendrave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe ofruesit e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs nuk mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb ose analizojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e memories s\u00eb sistemeve mikprit\u00ebse t\u00eb mbrojtura, si dhe t\u00eb deformojn\u00eb llogaritjet. <\/p>\n K\u00ebrkuesit kan\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur nj\u00eb prototip eksploati, i cili lejon ngarkimin e mikrokodit t\u00eb rastit n\u00eb CPU, pa n\u00ebnshkrim digjital. P\u00ebr t\u00eb demonstruar rrezikun e k\u00ebtij vulnerabiliteti, \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar nj\u00eb azhurnim i mikrokodit q\u00eb ndryshon logjik\u00ebn e funksionit RDRAND, e cila p\u00ebrdoret si nj\u00eb nga burimet e entropis\u00eb n\u00eb gjenerator\u00ebt e numrave t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb procesin e krijimit t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave, gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb operacioneve kriptografike dhe p\u00ebr gjenerimin e identifikuesve t\u00eb rast\u00ebsish\u00ebm. <\/p>\n Ndryshimi \u00e7on n\u00eb kthimin e instruksionit RDRAND vet\u00ebm numrin 4, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb sekuence rast\u00ebsore. P\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar sulmet e v\u00ebrteta ndaj sistemeve t\u00eb llogaritjeve konfidenciale, mikrokodi i modifikuar zero flagun CF (carry flag), dmth. e sh\u00ebnon vler\u00ebn e dh\u00ebn\u00eb si t\u00eb gabuar. Detaje t\u00eb tjera dhe mjete p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar mikrokodin e ndryshuar pritet t\u00eb publikohen m\u00eb 5 mars, p\u00ebr t'u dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb instaluar rregullimin n\u00eb sistemet e tyre. Nj\u00eb shembull i suksessh\u00ebm i sulmit u demonstrua p\u00ebr server\u00ebsh<\/a> procesor\u00ebt AMD EPYC 7B13 (Milan) dhe AMD Ryzen 9 7940HS (Phoenix). <\/p>\n N\u00eb raportin e kompanis\u00eb AMD, thuhet se vulnerabiliteti shfaqet n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt AMD t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb mikroarkitektur\u00ebn Zen t\u00eb brezave 1-4. P\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i mikrokodit q\u00eb adreson k\u00ebt\u00eb vulnerabilitet u l\u00ebshua m\u00eb 13 dhjetor 2024 p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt e serive AMD EPYC 7001, 7002 dhe 7003 (Naples, Rome, Milan dhe Milan-X), dhe m\u00eb 16 dhjetor p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt e seris\u00eb AMD EPYC 9004 (Genoa, Genoa-X dhe Bergamo\/Siena). P\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar vulnerabilitetin n\u00eb sistemet q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin verifikimin SEV-SNP, k\u00ebrkohet gjithashtu p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimi i firmware-it t\u00eb AMD SEV (i ofruar s\u00eb bashku me p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet BIOS nga prodhuesit e pajisjeve). <\/p>\n Po ashtu, raportohet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr vulnerabilitet n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt AMD, q\u00eb lejon kryerjen e nj\u00eb sulmi p\u00ebrmes kanaleve an\u00ebsore p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb informacione mbi llogarit\u00eb n\u00eb sistemet mikprit\u00ebse t\u00eb mbrojtura duke p\u00ebrdorur mekanizmin AMD SEV. Problemi prek procesor\u00ebt AMD EPYC t\u00eb brezave 1-4 dhe lidhet me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e nxjerrjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga cache-procesori q\u00eb vendosen gjat\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb sistemeve mikprit\u00ebse t\u00eb mbrojtura. Metoda Prime+Probe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr analizimin e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb cache-s\u00eb, e cila p\u00ebrfshin mbushjen e cache-s\u00eb me nj\u00eb grup referencash dhe p\u00ebrcaktimin e ndryshimeve p\u00ebrmes matjes s\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb qasjes kur ri-mbush. V\u00ebrehet se p\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar sulmin, metoda t\u00eb propozuara m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga sulmet e klas\u00ebs Spectre jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme. \u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Google \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (CVE-2024-56161) \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445 AMD, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c AMD SEV (Secure Encrypted Virtualization), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0433\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-121698","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Vulnerabiliteti n\u00eb bootloader-in e mikrokodit n\u00eb CPU-t\u00eb AMD, q\u00eb lejon anashkalimin e izolimit SEV-SNP | ProHoster","description":"K\u00ebrkuesit e siguris\u00eb nga kompania Google publikuan informacion mbi nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet (CVE-2024-56161) n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt AMD, q\u00eb prek bootloader-in e mikrokodit dhe lejon t\u00eb anashkalohet mekanizmi i verifikimit t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkrimit 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Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"