{"id":123426,"date":"2025-04-05T15:05:06","date_gmt":"2025-04-05T13:05:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-paketnogo-menedzhera-apt-3-0-0"},"modified":"2025-04-05T15:05:06","modified_gmt":"2025-04-05T13:05:07","slug":"reliz-paketnogo-menedzhera-apt-3-0-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/reliz-paketnogo-menedzhera-apt-3-0-0","title":{"rendered":"Publikohet menaxheri i paketave APT 3.0.0","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
\u00cbsht\u00eb formuar l\u00ebnda e instrumenteve p\u00ebr menaxhimin e paketave APT 3.0.0 (Advanced Package Tool), e cila p\u00ebrmban ndryshimet e grumbulluara n\u00eb deg\u00ebn eksperimentale 2.9. Ky l\u00ebshim \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar n\u00eb deg\u00ebn Debian Unstable dhe s\u00eb shpejti do t\u00eb integrohet n\u00eb depot Debian Testing, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin zhvillohet l\u00ebshimi Debian 13 dhe tani p\u00ebrdoret dega eksperimentale APT 2.9, si dhe do t\u00eb shtohet n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e paketave Ubuntu. <\/p>\n
Interfejsi i riorganizuar i p\u00ebrdoruesit, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar nj\u00eb paraqitje m\u00eb e qart\u00eb e list\u00ebs s\u00eb var\u00ebsive q\u00eb nevojiten p\u00ebr ngarkim gjat\u00eb instalimit t\u00eb paket\u00ebs. N\u00ebse m\u00eb par\u00eb emrat e paketave me var\u00ebsi shfaqeshin si nj\u00eb list\u00eb e vazhdueshme, tani ato ndahen n\u00eb kolona n\u00eb stilin e utilitarit \u00abls -C\u00bb, nd\u00ebrsa blloqet e ndryshme t\u00eb daljes skenojn\u00eb me ngjyrat e tyre (p.sh., paketat q\u00eb fshihen dallohen me t\u00eb kuqe, nd\u00ebrsa ato q\u00eb instalohen - me t\u00eb gjelbra). N\u00eb dalje jan\u00eb hequr p\u00ebrmendjet e dyfishta t\u00eb paketave shtes\u00eb dhe t\u00eb reja (seksionet \u00abNEW packages\u00bb dhe \u00abadditional packages\u00bb jan\u00eb kombinuar). P\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar ngjyrat jan\u00eb shtuar cil\u00ebsime \u00abAPT::Color::*\u00bb dhe \u00abAPT::Configuration::color\u00bb, si dhe opsione \u00ab--color\u00bb dhe \u00ab--no-color\u00bb.
Implementohet nj\u00eb motor i p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e var\u00ebsive Solver3 (aktivizohet p\u00ebrmes opsionit \u00ab--solver 3.0\u00bb), n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e konflikteve midis var\u00ebsive p\u00ebrfshihet algoritmi i k\u00ebrkimit me kthim (backtracking). N\u00eb motorin e ri \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar gjithashtu zgjedhja e versioneve, \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kryerjen e p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimeve n\u00eb disa etapa, \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur ndjesh\u00ebm performanca (apt-test tani ekzekutohet dy her\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt), \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni \u00ab--no-strict-pinning\u00bb p\u00ebr instalimin e versioneve eksperimentale, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mbrojtja p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos fshir\u00eb paketat e vendosura manualisht dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur agresiviteti i fshirjes automatike t\u00eb var\u00ebsive t\u00eb pa p\u00ebrdorura. Jan\u00eb shtuar shpjegime m\u00eb t\u00eb qarta p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e zakonsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr gabimet e lidhura me var\u00ebsit\u00eb.\n
P\u00ebrdorimi i utilitetit apt-key p\u00ebr menaxhimin e \u00e7el\u00ebsave t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr verifikimin e n\u00ebnshkrimeve digjitale t\u00eb paketeve \u00ebsht\u00eb ndalur. Utiliteti apt-key ishte shpallur i vjetruar disa vite m\u00eb par\u00eb me kalimin nga modeli i vjet\u00ebr i verifikimit t\u00eb integritetit t\u00eb paketeve, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin p\u00ebrdorej nj\u00eb magazin\u00eb e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt \u00e7elesh (\/etc\/apt\/trusted.gpg) dhe mungonte lidhja e \u00e7el\u00ebsave me depozit\u00eb, dmth. nj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebs i shtuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb depo t\u00eb tret\u00eb, ishte i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr verifikimin e paketimeve n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha depozit\u00eb. Metoda e ardhur n\u00eb vend t\u00eb apt-key parashikon ndarjen e magazinave t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn depo (\/etc\/apt\/trusted.gpg.d\/ ose \/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/).\n
\u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb utilitetit sqv nga projekti Sequoia p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar n\u00ebnshkrimet digjitale n\u00eb vend t\u00eb thirrjes gpgv. N\u00eb list\u00ebn e rrug\u00ebve p\u00ebr thirrjen e gpg \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar utiliteti gpg-sq, i shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust, i cili merr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat argumente si utiliteti gpg, por imiton funksionimin e tij p\u00ebrmes Sequoia, implementimi i OpenPGP n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust. Thirrja e gpg-sq ka p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi mbi gpg, dmth. p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur gpg-sq n\u00eb vend t\u00eb gpg, mjafton t\u00eb instaloni paket\u00ebn p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.\n
Shtuar nj\u00eb kripto-backend p\u00ebr bibliotek\u00ebn OpenSSL, e cila z\u00ebvend\u00ebsoi GnuTLS dhe Gcrypt.\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb siguruar lidhja e llojeve t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave me shtrirjet e skedar\u00ebve: shtrirja \u00ab.asc\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me \u00e7el\u00ebsa ascii-armored, \u00ab.gpg\u00bb \u2014 gjithmon\u00eb me \u00e7el\u00ebsa binar\u00eb, dhe t\u00eb gjitha shtrirjet e tjera t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve do t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gabim. P\u00ebr shembull, kur p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb skedar \u00e7el\u00ebsi \u00ab\/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/winehq-archive.key\u00bb, duhet ta rinovosh at\u00eb n\u00eb \u00ab\/etc\/apt\/keyrings\/winehq-archive.gpg\u00bb dhe t\u00eb rregullosh rrug\u00ebn n\u00eb skedarin \u00ab\/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/\u00bb. \u00cbsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr verifikimin e pavarur t\u00eb depozitave t\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsave (keyring) dhe ekzekutimin e operacionit dearmor (kthimi i \u00e7el\u00ebsit nga formati ASCII-armored n\u00eb formatin binar) pa iu drejtuar apt-key.\n
Shum\u00eb funksione jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur klas\u00ebn 'std::string' n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 'const char *' (klasa std::string_view e caktuar n\u00eb standardin C++17, e cila punon m\u00eb efektivisht me vargjet e shkronjave duke p\u00ebrdorur referenca n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna ekzistuese dhe duke shmangur kopjimin e panevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave derisa t\u00eb angazhohet n\u00eb kod).\n
\u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe abstrakte p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me hash-et, t\u00eb realizuar si pjes\u00eb e pun\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar var\u00ebsin\u00eb e fort\u00eb nga nj\u00eb bibliotek\u00eb t\u00eb vetme kriptografike.\n
N\u00eb daljen e komand\u00ebs «apt show —full» \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar informacioni mbi ngjitjen e paketave (pinning), q\u00eb merret nga fushat APT-Pin, APT-Candidate dhe APT-Release.\n
Zyrtarisht rekomandohet q\u00eb t\u00eb em\u00ebrohen skedar\u00ebt n\u00eb katalogun \/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/ me emrin e furnizuesit aktual t\u00eb shkruar me letra t\u00eb vogla (\u00ab$(dpkg-vendor --query Vendor | tr A-Z a-z).sources\u00bb).\n
N\u00eb pkgDepCache \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr transaksionet dhe numruesit e rinovimeve.\n
Shtohet nj\u00eb opsion \u00ab--comment\u00bb p\u00ebr t\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb koment, i cili ruhet n\u00eb historikun e operacioneve t\u00eb ekzekutuara.\n
Nj\u00eb nivel i ri gabimesh \u00abaudit\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar, i cili aktivizohet p\u00ebrmes opsionit \u00ab--audit\u00bb. <\/ul>\n
Gjithashtu, mund t\u00eb theksohen ndryshimet q\u00eb jan\u00eb shfaqur n\u00eb degen eksperimento APT 2.7 (developimi i deges 2.7 kaloi qet\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillimin e deges 2.9), t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion n\u00eb Debian 13 (n\u00eb Debian 12, p\u00ebrdoret l\u00ebshimi i APT 2.6): <\/p>\n
\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr snapshot-\u00ebt, e menaxhuar nga opsioni \u00ab--snapshot\u00bb (\u00ab-S\u00bb), me t\u00eb cilin mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkosh nga server\u00ebt e depozitave q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin snapshot-e dhe t\u00eb zgjedh\u00ebsh nj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb arkiv\u00ebs s\u00eb depozitit. P\u00ebr shembull, duke specifikuar \u00ab--snapshot 20250405T081400Z\u00bb mund t\u00eb punosh me nj\u00eb prerje t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb depozitit, e cila u regjistrua m\u00eb 5 prill 2025 n\u00eb 08:14:00. Snapshot-et konfigurohen n\u00eb seksionin APT::Snapshot n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt sources-list.\n
Opsioni \u00ab--update\u00bb (\u00ab-U\u00bb) \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar, i cili lejon gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb komandave p\u00ebr instalimin ose p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e paketave (apt install ose apt upgrade) t\u00eb aktivizosh automatikisht operacionin \u00abapt update\u00bb p\u00ebr t\u00eb sinkronizuar indeks\u00ebt p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb hapesh keshin dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunosh sources.list.\n
Nj\u00eb komand\u00eb \u00abdist-clean\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb fshir\u00eb paketat e ruajtura n\u00eb kesh dhe listat e paketave t\u00eb shkarkuara. <\/ul>\n
![\"Publikohet](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/67d5e04bd397a582afc51b026ef069f5.png\")
<\/center>\n