{"id":138938,"date":"2025-07-14T11:11:58","date_gmt":"2025-07-14T09:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu"},"modified":"2025-07-14T11:11:58","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T09:11:59","slug":"gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/gpuhammer-variant-ataki-rowhammer-na-pamyat-gpu","title":{"rendered":"GPUHammer \u2014 varianti i sulmit Rowhammer n\u00eb memorien GPU","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Hulumtuesit nga Universitete i Toronto paraqit\u00ebn sulmin e par\u00eb t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Rowhammer, i cili p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar p\u00ebrmbajtjen e memories video. Mund\u00ebsia e kryerjes s\u00eb sulmit, q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e deri n\u00eb 8 bit\u00ebve t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, \u00ebsht\u00eb demonstruar n\u00eb GPU-n\u00eb diskrete NVIDIA A6000 me memorie GDDR6. Si shembull praktik, \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar se si kjo ndryshim mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb n\u00eb ekzekutimin e modeleve t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb makinerive dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar ndjesh\u00ebm (nga 80% n\u00eb 0.1%) sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e rezultateve q\u00eb ato japin duke ndryshuar vler\u00ebn e vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb biti.

\"GPUHammer<\/center> <\/p>\n

Deri tani, krijimi i sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Rowhammer p\u00ebr memorien video ka qen\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kompleksitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb rendit fizik t\u00eb memories n\u00eb \u00e7ipat GDDR, vonesave t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb qasjen n\u00eb memorie (4 her\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ngadalta) dhe frekuencave m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb rifreskimit t\u00eb memories. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, hulumtimet jan\u00eb penguar nga mekanizmat e mbrojtjes s\u00eb pronarit t\u00eb angazhuar n\u00eb \u00e7ipat GDDR kund\u00ebr manipulimeve q\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb humbje t\u00eb parakohshme t\u00eb karikimit, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin krijimin e stendave speciale testuese t\u00eb pajisura me FPGA p\u00ebr t'u analizuar. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr studiimin e memories video, hulumtuesit krijuan nj\u00eb teknike t\u00eb re t\u00eb inxhinieris\u00eb s\u00eb prapme p\u00ebr GDDR DRAM, dhe n\u00eb sulm u angazhuan optimizimet e qasjes n\u00eb memorie t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura p\u00ebr organizimin e llogaritjeve paralele, t\u00eb cilat u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn si forcuese t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb qasjes n\u00eb seli t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. P\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer sulmin mbi GPU-n\u00eb NVIDIA, u p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb kod i nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt CUDA. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb kodin e p\u00ebrdoruesit CUDA, nuk kryhet qasja n\u00eb adresat fizike t\u00eb memories, por n\u00eb driverin NVIDIA ndodhte pasqyrimi i memories virtuale n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn memorie fizike, duke u shfryt\u00ebzuar nga hulumtuesit p\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur offset-in e memories virtuale dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar rendin e bankave t\u00eb memories. Njohja e qasjes n\u00eb banka t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb memories u b\u00eb p\u00ebrmes analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb vonesave, t\u00eb cilat ndryshonin kur qaseshin n\u00eb nj\u00eb bank\u00eb apo n\u00eb banka t\u00eb ndryshme. <\/p>\n

N\u00eb sistemet q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin s\u00eb bashku GPU-n\u00eb, si hostingut<\/a> p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer modelet e m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb makin\u00ebs, sulmi lejon nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e memorie video me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesi tjet\u00ebr. Si nj\u00eb mas\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebse, kompania NVIDIA rekomandon aktivizimin e kodeve t\u00eb rregullimit t\u00eb gabimeve (ECC, Error Correction Codes) me komand\u00ebn «nvidia-smi -e 1» ose p\u00ebrdorimin e serive t\u00eb kartave grafike q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin OD-ECC (On-Die ECC), si GeForce RTX 50, RTX PRO, GB200, B200, B100, H100, H200, H20 dhe GH200. <\/p>\n

Sipas hulumtuesve, aktivizimi i ECC n\u00eb sistemet me GPU A6000 \u00e7on n\u00eb nj\u00eb ulje prej rreth 10% t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs n\u00eb ekzekutimin e modeleve t\u00eb m\u00ebsimit t\u00eb makinerive dhe nj\u00eb ulje t\u00eb volumit t\u00eb memories prej 6.25%. Instrumenti p\u00ebr kryerjen e sulmit dhe realizimin e inxhinieris\u00eb s\u00eb prapme t\u00eb rendit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb memories video n\u00eb sistemet me GPU NVIDIA \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar n\u00eb GitHub. <\/p>\n

Sulmi RowHammer lejon t\u00eb falsifikoj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e bit\u00ebve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb memories DRAM duke lexuar ciklikisht t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga qelizat fqinje t\u00eb memories. Duke qen\u00eb se memoria DRAM p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb array bidimensional t\u00eb qelizave, secila prej t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb kondensator dhe nj\u00eb transistor, kryerja e leximeve t\u00eb vazhdueshme n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rajon t\u00eb memories \u00e7on n\u00ebfluktuacione t\u00eb tensionit dhe anomali q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb nj\u00eb humbje t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs n\u00eb qelizat fqinje. N\u00ebse intensiteti i leximeve \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb qeliz\u00eb fqinje mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb konsiderueshme ngarkese dhe cikli i ardhsh\u00ebm i rikuperimit nuk do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb ta rikthej\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb gjendjen e saj fillestare, \u00e7ka do t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb n\u00eb ndryshimin e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb ruajtura n\u00eb at\u00eb qeliz\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Metoda e sulmit Rowhammer u propozuar n\u00eb vitin 2014, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs filloi nj\u00eb loj\u00eb mes studiuesve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb dhe prodhuesve t\u00eb pajisjeve «mac-shkatch» — prodhuesit e \u00e7ipave t\u00eb memories p\u00ebrpiqeshin t\u00eb bllokojn\u00eb dob\u00ebsin\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa studiuesit gjenin m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr ta anashkaluar. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur nga RowHammer, prodhuesit e \u00e7ipave shtuan mekanizmin TRR (Target Row Refresh), por u zbulua se ai bllokonte deformimin e qelizave vet\u00ebm n\u00eb raste t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, por nuk mbronte nga t\u00eb gjitha variantet e mundshme t\u00eb sulmit. Metodat e sulmit jan\u00eb zhvilluar p\u00ebr \u00e7ipa DDR3, DDR4 dhe DDR5 n\u00eb sisteme me procesor\u00eb Intel, AMD dhe ARM. Gjithashtu, u gjet\u00ebn m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar rregullimin e gabimeve ECC dhe u propozuan mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar sulme p\u00ebrmes rrjetit dhe p\u00ebrmes ekzekutimit t\u00eb kodit JavaScript n\u00eb shfletues.
\n
Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Mund\u00ebsia e kryerjes s\u00eb sulmit, q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e deri n\u00eb 8 bit\u00ebve t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, \u00ebsht\u00eb demonstruar n\u00eb GPU-n\u00eb diskrete NVIDIA A6000 me memorie GDDR6. 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