{"id":139749,"date":"2025-07-28T17:11:54","date_gmt":"2025-07-28T15:11:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-16"},"modified":"2025-07-28T17:11:54","modified_gmt":"2025-07-28T15:11:54","slug":"reliz-yadra-linux-6-16","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-yadra-linux-6-16","title":{"rendered":"Lan\u00e7imi i kernel-it Linux 6.16","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas dy muajsh zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds shpalli l\u00ebshimin e kernels Linux 6.16. Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme jan\u00eb: nj\u00eb driver p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshpejtimin e OpenVPN, mekanizmi Kexec HandOver, aktivizimi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paracaktuar i tabelave t\u00eb kat\u00ebrfishta t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories p\u00ebr x86, heqja e protokollit DCCP, driveri bllokues zloop, mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e core-dump-eve p\u00ebrmes soket\u00ebve UNIX, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr shkruarjen atomike n\u00eb XFS, p\u00ebrpunimi i offload-it t\u00eb z\u00ebrit p\u00ebr pajisjet USB, optimizimet n\u00eb Ext4, driveri virtual TPM (Trusted Platform Module), implementimi i plot\u00eb i Device Memory TCP, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kanalet e paem\u00ebruara n\u00eb io_uring, p\u00ebrgatitjet p\u00ebr integrimin e driverit DRM Asahi, mekanizmi \u201cusermode queue\u201d n\u00eb driverin AMDGPU, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr Intel TDE (Trusted Domain Extensions) dhe Intel APE (Advanced Performance Extensions).    <\/p>\n<p>Versioni i ri p\u00ebrfshin 15924 p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime nga 2145 zhvillues, madh\u00ebsia e patch-it \u00ebsht\u00eb 50 MB (ndryshimet preken 13793 skedar\u00eb, shtohen 655451 rreshta kodi, fshihen 316441 rreshta). N\u00eb l\u00ebshimin e kaluar kishte 15945 p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime nga 2154 zhvillues, madh\u00ebsia e patch-it ishte 59 MB. Rreth 45% e t\u00eb gjitha ndryshimeve n\u00eb 6.16 lidhen me driverat e pajisjeve, rreth 16% e ndryshimeve kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e kodit specifik p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn e harduerit, 13% lidhen me grumbullin e rrjetit, 4% me sistemet e skedar\u00ebve dhe 3% me n\u00ebn-sistemat e brendshme t\u00eb kernelit.       <\/p>\n<p>Kryesoret e reja n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn 6.16:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i diskut, hyrja\/ dalje dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Krijuar nj\u00eb driver zloop p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar pajisje loopback zonale, q\u00eb montohen n\u00eb modin loop. Driveri imiton funksionimin e pajisjeve t\u00eb zakonshme bllok, duke p\u00ebrdorur disa skedar\u00eb nga sistemi ekzistues i skedareve (nj\u00eb skedar p\u00ebr ruajtjen e \u00e7do zone). Kjo mund\u00ebsi mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e dobishme p\u00ebr testimin e sistemeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, trajtuesve t\u00eb mappers t\u00eb pajisjeve dhe aplikacioneve n\u00eb lidhje me mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr pajisje zonale q\u00eb aplicojn\u00eb ndarjen n\u00eb zona grupesh bllok\u00ebsh ose sektor\u00ebsh, ku lejohet vet\u00ebm shtimi n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e gjith\u00eb grupit t\u00eb blloqeve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve XFS \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr shkruarjen atomike t\u00eb grupeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u2014 disa blloqe tani mund t\u00eb shkruhen n\u00eb modin atomik (ose t\u00eb gjitha blloqet do t\u00eb shkruhen me sukses, ose asnj\u00eb bllok nuk do t\u00eb shkruhet).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve Ext4 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar performanca e mekanizmit \u201cfast commit\u201d. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr blloqet e m\u00ebdha t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories p\u00ebr skedarin e zakonsh\u00ebm, q\u00eb n\u00eb testet e kryera rriti performanc\u00ebn me 37% gjat\u00eb operacioneve intensive t\u00eb inputit\/outputit. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr operacione atomike t\u00eb shkruarjes q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb disa blloqe.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin p\u00ebr sistemin e skedar\u00ebve ext2, \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur e vjetruar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin DAX, i cili siguron akses t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb n\u00eb FS duke anashkaluar-cache-n e faqeve. Zgjedhja p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr DAX nga drejtuesi ext2 \u00ebsht\u00eb planifikuar p\u00ebr fundin e vitit. Si arsye p\u00ebrmendet konsiderimi i drejtuesit ext2 si nj\u00eb implementim stabil referenc\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin p\u00ebrdorimi i karakteristikave specifike, t\u00eb cilat nuk kan\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjen e duhur, \u00ebsht\u00eb i papranuesh\u00ebm.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemet e skedar\u00ebve OrangeFS, UFS, BFS dhe OMFS jan\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e API-t t\u00eb ri p\u00ebr montimin e pjes\u00ebve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sysctl \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar konfigurimi vfs_cache_pressure_denom, p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar numrin e sh\u00ebnimeve n\u00eb cache \u201cdentry\u201d (p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimi i brendsh\u00ebm i elementeve t\u00eb katalog\u00ebve) n\u00eb kushtet e munges\u00ebs s\u00eb memories n\u00eb sistem. Sa m\u00eb i lart\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb vlera e caktuar, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb sh\u00ebnime mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtohen nga cache (m\u00eb pak sh\u00ebnime do t\u00eb mbeten n\u00eb cache) kur ka munges\u00eb memories.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb FSH Bcachefs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni \u201crebalance_on_ac_only\u201d, q\u00eb ndalon kryerjen e operacioneve t\u00eb ribalancimit dhe kompresimit n\u00eb sfond kur sistemi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb energji me bateri. Jan\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar operacionet e fshirjes s\u00eb snapshot-eve dhe pajisjeve. \u00cbsht\u00eb reduktuar konsumimi i memories gjat\u00eb montimit n\u00eb modalitetin vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e aktivizimit t\u00eb disa operacioneve t\u00eb rikuperimit pas d\u00ebshtimit n\u00eb sfond, pa ndaluar pun\u00ebn me FSH.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00ebn-sistemi i menaxhimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb lejuar t\u00eb kryej\u00eb vet\u00eb ngrirjen e sistemeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve dhe variablave EFI p\u00ebr modalitetet e pritjes dhe gjumit (n\u00ebse FSh-t\u00eb jan\u00eb tashm\u00eb t\u00eb ngrira nga menaxheri n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, nuk kryhet ngrirje e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar funksionimin e EROFS me ndihm\u00ebn e p\u00ebrshpejtuesit QAT (QuickAssist Technology) t\u00eb integruar n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Intel, i cili ofron mjete p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshpejtimin e llogaritjeve q\u00eb lidhen me kompresimin dhe enkriptimin.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb NFS, madh\u00ebsia maksimale e porcionit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr operacionet e leximit dhe shkruarjes \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nga 1 n\u00eb 4 MB (vlera e paracaktuar \u00ebsht\u00eb 1 MB, pasi jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb klient\u00ebt mb\u00ebshtesin nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe).\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebrdoruesve q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb privilegje, por kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejta CAP_SYS_ADMIN n\u00eb nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb identifikimi t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit (user namespace), dhe q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejta t\u00eb zgjeruara n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn themelore, u \u00ebsht\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb mund\u00ebsia t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin mekanizmin fanotify p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur ndryshimet n\u00eb sistemet e skedar\u00ebve.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemet e skedar\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin n\u00ebn-sistemin FUSE, \u00ebsht\u00eb ofruar funksionaliteti p\u00ebr pastrimin nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha regjistrimeve t\u00eb keqishkruara p\u00ebr katalog\u00ebt (dentries). N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin FUSE \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr folio m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb FS OverlayFS \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr krijimin e shtresave me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira emrash t\u00eb pafavorshme, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdoret kontrolli i integritetit mbi baz\u00ebn e modulit dm-verity. Kjo mund\u00ebsi lejon kombinimin e shtresave me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb besueshme me metadatat, me shtresa jo t\u00eb besueshme me t\u00eb dh\u00ebna q\u00eb p\u00ebrpunohen n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira emrash t\u00eb pafavorshme.                      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Kujtesa dhe sh\u00ebrbimet sistemore<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mekanizmi KHO (Kexec HandOver) p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb t\u00eb re nga nj\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr pa humbur gjendjen e sistemit. Para kalimit t\u00eb kontrollit n\u00eb versionin e ri t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, gjendja e n\u00ebn-sistemeve ky\u00e7e t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs p\u00ebrmes KHO mund t\u00eb serializohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb memorie, e cila nuk do t\u00eb preket nga operacione t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme. B\u00ebrthama e re, pas marrjes s\u00eb kontrollit, rikthen gjendjen e serializuar. N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb KHO zhvillohet n\u00ebn-sistemi Live Update Orchestrator (LUO), q\u00eb lejon rinisjen e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs pa ndalur pun\u00ebn e pajisjeve.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar parametri i nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb kernelit CONFIG_X86_NATIVE, i cili lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e opsionit \u201c-march=native\u201d gjat\u00eb kompaktimit p\u00ebr optimizim n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb procesorit n\u00eb sistemin aktual.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtimi i mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr extension-in e arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb setit t\u00eb komandave Intel APX (Advanced Performance Extension), i cili ofron 16 regjistra t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorsh\u00ebm (n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me 16 regjistrat ekzistues), duke lejuar p\u00ebrdorimin e m\u00eb pak operacioneve t\u00eb leximit dhe shkruajtjes n\u00eb memory n\u00eb kod p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur performanc\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur konsumimin e energjis\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtimi i m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs p\u00ebr konfigurimin automatik t\u00eb politikave t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb memories n\u00eb sistemet NUMA, ku pesha e nyjeve t\u00eb gjitha llogaritet p\u00ebrs\u00ebri kur ka informacion t\u00eb ri n\u00eb lidhje me kapacitetin gjat\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs ose gjat\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb ngroht\u00eb t\u00eb memories.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb realizimin e futex-eve u shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr tabel\u00ebn lokale t\u00eb hash-it t\u00eb proceseve (local futex_hash_bucket), e cila, ndryshe nga tabela e hash-it t\u00eb zakonshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha proceset, \u00ebsht\u00eb lokale p\u00ebr nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe ndahet nga t\u00eb gjitha threadet e k\u00ebtij procesi. Tabelat lokale t\u00eb hash-it aplikohen vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr operacionet futex PROCESS_PRIVATE. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb versionin e ri u shtua mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr opsionet FUTEX2_NUMA dhe FUTEX2_MPOL, q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb ndikoni n\u00eb vendosjen e futex-eve n\u00eb memory, p\u00ebr t'i vendosur ato m\u00eb af\u00ebr proceseve q\u00eb i p\u00ebrdorin.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemet x86_64 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje e p\u00ebrhershme p\u00ebr pes\u00ebnivelat e tabelave t\u00eb kujtes\u00ebs (parametri CONFIG_X86_5LEVEL, i cili menaxhonte aktivizimin e tabelave pes\u00ebnivel\u00ebshe, \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb driverin intel_pstate, q\u00eb menaxhon parametrat e konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb (P-state) n\u00eb sistemet me procesor\u00eb Intel, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr funksionimin e planifikuesit t\u00eb detyrave me konsumin e energjis\u00eb (EAS \u2014 Energy Aware Scheduling) n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt hibrid\u00eb q\u00eb kombinojn\u00eb blloqe CPU me performanc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe me efikasitet energjetik, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb Intel Lunar Lake.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sysfs jan\u00eb shtuar nd\u00ebrfaqet: \u201c\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/cpuN\/cpu_capacity\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb informacione mbi kapacitetet e ndryshme CPU n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt hibrid\u00eb dhe \u201c\/sys\/devices\/system\/cpu\/cpuidle\/intel_c1_demotion\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e l\u00ebnies s\u00eb CPU n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje m\u00eb t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs, edhe n\u00ebse blloku p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb CPU n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb (p.sh., blloku mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb kalimin n\u00eb gjendjen e konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb C6, por firmware n\u00eb rast intenziviteti t\u00eb lart\u00eb zgjimi t\u00eb CPU mund ta mbaj\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb gjendjen C1).\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn ARM64 \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modin e rifutjes s\u00eb detyrave n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb len\u00e7e (PREEMPT_LAZY, lazy preemption), q\u00eb p\u00ebrputhet me modin e rifutjes s\u00eb plot\u00eb (\u201cfull preemption\u201d) p\u00ebr detyrat realtime (RR\/FIFO\/DEADLINE), por vonon rifutjen e detyrave t\u00eb zakonshme (SCHED_NORMAL) deri n\u00eb kufirin e tik\u00ebs.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn ARM64 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e zgjerimeve SME (Scalable Matrix Extension), e cila aktivizohet p\u00ebrmes parametrave CONFIG_ARM64_SME.\n<li class=\"l\">  \u00cbsht\u00eb vazhduar transferimi i ndryshimeve nga dega Rust-for-Linux, lidhur me p\u00ebrdorimin e gjuh\u00ebs Rust si gjuh\u00eb e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvillimin e driverave dhe moduleve t\u00eb kernelit (mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr Rust nuk aktivizohet nga vet\u00eb, dhe nuk \u00e7on n\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjen e Rust n\u00eb radh\u00ebt e varf\u00ebra t\u00eb detyrueshme p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e kernelit). P\u00ebr modulet e shkruara n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust, \u00ebsht\u00eb ofruar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb configfs. Jan\u00eb shtuar abstraksione t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr zhvillimin e driverave grafik\u00eb. Jan\u00eb zgjeruar mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e moduleve alloc, time, str, list, workqueue dhe page. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr makron \u201cassert!\u201d n\u00eb testet n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb KUnit. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb grup abstraksionesh p\u00ebr menaxhimin e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb CPU dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e API-ve lidhur me menaxhimin e konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr struktur\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u2018xarray\u2019.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn RISC-V \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar realizimi i thirrjes s\u00eb sistemit getrandom(), i optimizuar p\u00ebrmes mekanizmit vDSO (objekti dinamik i ndar\u00eb virtual), i cili lejon transferimin e trajtuesit t\u00eb thirrjes s\u00eb sistemit nga b\u00ebrthama n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe shmang kalimet e kontekstit. N\u00eb testet e kryera, optimizimi p\u00ebrshpejtoi marrjen e numrave t\u00eb rastit me 17 her\u00eb. P\u00ebr RISC-V \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar gjithashtu mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr zgjerimet vektoriale Zicbop, Zabha dhe Svinval, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt SiFive.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn LoongArch, kufiri i numrit t\u00eb CPU-ve n\u00eb sistem \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nga 256 n\u00eb 2048. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr planifikuesin e detyrave SCHED_MC (Multi-core).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb soketeve Unix p\u00ebr transmetimin e deskriptor\u00ebve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve. P\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb till\u00eb, aplikacionet mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin n\u00eb setsockopt() flamurin SO_PASSRIGHTS.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb siguruar mund\u00ebsia e mapimit t\u00eb buferit t\u00eb unaz\u00ebs, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr gjurmimin e funksionimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, n\u00eb memorien e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr trajtuesit e crash-dump, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr formimin e raportit mbi problemin pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb papritur t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, tani mund t\u00eb angazhohen \u00e7el\u00ebsat LUKS t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur nga b\u00ebrthama q\u00eb ka d\u00ebshtuar p\u00ebr ruajtjen e crash-dump-eve n\u00eb sistemet e skedave t\u00eb koduara.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemi i hyrjes\/daljes asinkrone io_uring ka shtuar operacionin IORING_OP_PIPE p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar kanale t\u00eb paem\u00ebrtuara, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me thirrjen sistemike pipe2, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb descriptor\u00ebve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb fiksuar.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtesa e opsionit t\u00eb linj\u00ebs s\u00eb komand\u00ebs s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00abrt_group_sched\u00bb p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar aktivizimin e planifikuesit t\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb grupeve t\u00eb detyrave realtime (SCHED_RR). Ky opsion \u00ebsht\u00eb ekuivalent me konfigurimin RT_GROUP_SCHED n\u00eb Kconfig.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr pajisjet e bazuara n\u00eb autobusin CXL (Compute Express Link), e cila p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar nd\u00ebrveprimin me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb midis CPU-s\u00eb dhe pajisjeve t\u00eb memories, \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr zgjerimet RAS (Reliability, Availability, Serviceability) q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb realizimin e skemave t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr identifikimin dhe korrigjimin e gabimeve. CXL lejon lidhen zona t\u00eb reja memories q\u00eb ofrohen nga pajisjet e jashtme t\u00eb memories dhe t'i p\u00ebrdor\u00eb ato si burime t\u00eb tjera fizike t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs adresore p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjeruar memorien sistemore (DDR) ose memorien e p\u00ebrhershme (PMEM).\n<li class=\"l\"> Versioni minimal i nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb deg\u00ebn GCC 8 p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha arkitekturat. Tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme gjithashtu t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn versioni 2.30 i paket\u00ebs binutils.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb hequr thirrja e sistemit uselib(), e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur e vjetruar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe n\u00eb vend t\u00eb saj, p\u00ebr ndarjen e p\u00ebrdorimeve programore p\u00ebr bibliotekat e ndara, p\u00ebrdoret mmap().                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Virtualizimi dhe siguria<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e mekanizmit Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions) p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur sistemet mikprit\u00ebse q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb n\u00ebn hipervizorin KVM nga nd\u00ebrhyrjet dhe analizat nga administratori i sistemit host dhe nga sulmet fizike ndaj pajisjeve. Mbrojtja sigurohet p\u00ebrmes enkriptimit t\u00eb memories. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vps\/\"   title=\"makinave virtuale\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"2021\">makinave virtuale<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb drejtor virtual TPM (Trusted Platform Module), q\u00eb lejon makinat virtuale t\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprojn\u00eb me pajisjet TPM (Trusted Platform Module), t\u00eb imituara nga moduli SVSM (Secure VM Service Module).\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb rifilluar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb plogjinit GCC randstruct, i cili randomizon renditjen e strukturave t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e kompIlimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsuar shfryt\u00ebzimin e dob\u00ebsive.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture) p\u00ebr verifikimin e integritetit gjat\u00eb ngarkimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrthamave t\u00eb reja p\u00ebrmes thirrjes s\u00eb sistemit kexec.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pun\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar ndikimin n\u00eb performanc\u00ebn nga p\u00ebrdorimi i SELinux. P\u00ebr t\u00eb acceluruar funksionimin \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb cache me rezultatet e verifikimeve t\u00eb aksesit n\u00eb kataloge. N\u00eb rregullat genfscon \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb maskave.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb kodin p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrveprimin me EFI \u00ebsht\u00eb ofruar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrfshirjes s\u00eb seksionit SBAT (UEFI Secure Boot Advanced Targeting) me metadatat p\u00ebr versionet e t\u00ebrhequra t\u00eb komponenteve t\u00eb ngarkimit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb modulat e ngarkueshme \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar kalimi i seksionit \u00ab.static_call_sites\u00bb n\u00eb modin vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb inicializimit.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr sistemet ARM 64-bit, n\u00eb hipervizorin KVM \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr virtualizimin e brendsh\u00ebm (e \u00e7aktivizuar si parazgjedhje).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb hipervizorin KVM \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur mb\u00ebshtetje e q\u00ebndrueshme p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn RISC-V.                                  <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i rrjetit<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Deri n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar drejtuesi ovpn, i cili lejon t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtohet ndjesh\u00ebm performanca e OpenVPN duke transferuar operacionet e enkriptimit, p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb paketave dhe menaxhimit t\u00eb kanalit t\u00eb komunikimit n\u00eb an\u00ebn e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux. Drejtuesi lejon eliminimin e kostove t\u00eb lidhura me kalimin e kontekstit, mund\u00ebson optimizimin e funksionimit p\u00ebrmes qasjes direkte n\u00eb API-t\u00eb e brendshme t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrjashton d\u00ebrgimin e ngadalt\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave midis b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs dhe hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit (enkriptimi, \u00e7-enkriptimi dhe ruterimi kryhet nga moduli pa d\u00ebrguar trafik n\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuesin n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin e Memory TCP t\u00eb Device \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga memoria e pajisjes (rruga TX). M\u00eb par\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb thjesht\u00ebsuar integrimin e Memory TCP n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, funksionaliteti ishte i kufizuar vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pranimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (rruga RX). Memory TCP lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e socket-eve rrjet\u00eb p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb memories s\u00eb pajisjes periferike n\u00eb rrjet (modi zero-copy), si dhe vendosjen e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb pakos rrjet\u00eb n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e memories s\u00eb pajisjes n\u00eb an\u00ebn e marr\u00ebsit. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb transmetohen n\u00eb paketat d\u00ebrgohen nga karta rrjet\u00eb n\u00eb memorien e pajisjes periferike (DMABUF), p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb memorien video t\u00eb GPU-s\u00eb, ose nga memorien e pajisjes n\u00eb kart\u00ebn rrjet\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, duke kaluar CPU-n\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa header-at e paketave kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb tamponat e zakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb ofruar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr d\u00ebrgimin e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb core dumps p\u00ebrmes socket-it AF_UNIX, q\u00eb lejon krijimin e p\u00ebrpunuesve m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt t\u00eb core dumps n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, pa qen\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me thirrjet e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs t\u00eb proceseve me privilegje.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb eliminuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr protokollin e rrjetit DCCP (Datagram Congestion Control Protocol), i cili nuk ka marr\u00eb popullaritet dhe p\u00ebr pes\u00eb vjet mbetet n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb pa mb\u00ebshtetje. Eliminimi i DCCP nga b\u00ebrthama do t\u00eb heq\u00eb pengesat q\u00eb kufizojn\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimin e struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave inet_connection_sock p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar efikasitetin e funksionimit t\u00eb TCP stack. Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modulet netfilter p\u00ebr filtrimin e paketimeve DCCP \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr t\u00eb thjeshtuar trajtimin e gabimeve kur p\u00ebrdoren soket\u00ebt SO_PEERPIDFD, b\u00ebrthama tani mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb pidfd p\u00ebr proceset q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar tashm\u00eb (pidfd lidh konceptet me procese t\u00eb caktuara dhe ndryshe nga pid, nuk i ri-em\u00ebrohet).\n<li class=\"l\"> Me ndihm\u00ebn e BPF, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb krijoni trajtues t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb radh\u00ebve t\u00eb paketimeve n\u00eb stack-un e rrjetit (qdiscs) p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb rendin e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb paketimeve t\u00eb rrjetit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedareve t\u00eb rrjetit AFS \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar GSSAPI (Generic Security Services API) p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar enkriptimin e lidhjeve me <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/server\/dts-dusseldorf\/\"   title=\"server\u00ebve\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3430\">server\u00ebve<\/a> YFS dhe OpenAFS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Implementuar nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe optimizimesh. Riorganizimi i bllokimeve p\u00ebr tabelat e routing IPv6 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar (disa operacione me rrug\u00ebt tani realizohen deri n\u00eb 3 her\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt). Ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtim t\u00eb llogaritjes programore t\u00eb kontrolleve crc32c. Motori GRO p\u00ebr trafikun UDP t\u00eb tunnelluar \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar me 10%. Auto-konfigurimi i buferit t\u00eb marr\u00ebsit p\u00ebr TCP \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar dhe kufijt\u00eb e deritanish\u00ebm jan\u00eb rritur (n\u00eb testet e kryera, kapaciteti p\u00ebr rrjedha t\u00eb vetme n\u00eb nj\u00eb kanal prej 200 Gbs \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur me 60%).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Netfilter \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb maskave n\u00eb emrat e pajisjeve rrjet\u00ebrore, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb netdev dhe flowtable. Informacioni mbi ndjekjen e lidhjeve (conntrack) \u00ebsht\u00eb integruar n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn nft trace. Ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtim t\u00eb nxjerrjes s\u00eb tabelave t\u00eb ndjekjes s\u00eb lidhjeve (conntrack) p\u00ebrmes procfs.      <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Pajisjet<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr transferimin e p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb rrjedhave audio n\u00eb an\u00ebn e pajisjeve audio me nd\u00ebrfaqe USB (shk\u00ebputja e audio USB). Ky ndryshim lejon nj\u00eb ulje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb pajisjeve portative duke vazhduar p\u00ebrpunimin e rrjedhave audio gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs q\u00eb pjesa tjet\u00ebr e sistemit \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb modalitetin e gjumit. M\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb b\u00ebrthamat p\u00ebr platform\u00ebn Android ishte ofruar nj\u00eb implementim specifik t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb offload-it p\u00ebr pajisjet USB, dhe tani n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn kryesore ka nj\u00eb implementim universale q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin \u00e7do projekt.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb vazhduar integrimi i komponenteve t\u00eb drejtorit Nova p\u00ebr GPU-t\u00eb NVIDIA, t\u00eb pajisura me firmware GSP, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura q\u00eb nga seria NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2000 me arkitektur\u00ebn mikro Turing. Drejtori \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 komponentit nova-core t\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb versionin e kaluar, q\u00eb realizon nivelin baz\u00eb t\u00eb abstraksioneve mbi nd\u00ebrfaqet programuese t\u00eb firmware-ve GSP, n\u00eb versionin 6.16 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb implementim fillestar i drejtorit DRM nova-drm (Menaxheri i Shkarkimit t\u00eb Drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb) p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrveprimin me GPU-n\u00eb nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ka filluar procesi i promovimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs s\u00eb drejtorit DRM p\u00ebr GPU Apple AGX, t\u00eb aplikuar n\u00eb \u00e7ipat Apple Silicon. Drejtori \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb Rust. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb, vet\u00ebm skedar\u00ebt e kokave me UAPI nga drejtori Asahi jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, t\u00eb nevojsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr Mesa, nd\u00ebrsa kodi kryesor i drejtori Asahi do t\u00eb integrohet m\u00eb von\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtori Nouveau \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr GPU-n\u00eb e familjes NVIDIA Hopper dhe Blackwell.\n<li class=\"l\"> Puna mbi drejtori-n e drm (Menaxheri i Shfaqjes s\u00eb Direkte) Xe p\u00ebr GPU t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn Intel Xe, e cila p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb kartat grafike t\u00eb familjes Intel Arc dhe grafik\u00ebn e integruar, duke filluar nga procesor\u00ebt Tiger Lake, \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduar. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb firmware p\u00ebr grupe t\u00eb ndryshme GPU Intel.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb driverin AMDGPU \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin \u00abusermode queue\u00bb, i cili lejon krijimin e radh\u00ebve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit dhe d\u00ebrgimin e tyre menj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb GPU pa iu drejtuar planifikuesit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr \u00abusermode queue\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar p\u00ebr GPU Navi 4X dhe GFX 12.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sistemet audio Intel WCL (Whiskey Lake), AMD ACP 7.x (Audio Co-Processor), Cirrus Logic CS35L63 dhe CS48L32, Everest Semiconductor ES8375 dhe ES8389, Pioneer DJM-V10, Longsoon-1 AC\u201997, NVIDIA Tegra264, Richtek ALC203, RT9123 dhe Rockchip SAI, si dhe platforma t\u00eb reja Intel AVS.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtohet mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr platformat ARM, SoC dhe pajisjet: Samsung Exynos7870, Qualcomm Snapdragon X1P42100, Qualcomm MSM8926, RK3562, NXP i.MX94, Renesas RZ\/V2N, Amlogic S6\/S7\/S7D, WonderMedia wm8950, Amlogic s805y, Allwinner A523, Toradex Verdin AM62P, ROCK 5B+, Nitrogen8M Plus, Retronix R-Car V4H Sparrow Hawk, MT8186 Ponyta Chromebook, VIA APC Rock\/Paper, Renesas rz\/t2h, ASUS Transformer Pad LTE TF300TL, LG Nexus 4, Google Pixel 4a, Raspberry Pi 2.\n<li class=\"l\"> U hoq drejtori p\u00ebr kartat e kapjes s\u00eb videove n\u00eb \u00e7ip\u00ebt STA2X11.                    <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Inkurajoni Fondin e Liris\u00eb s\u00eb Softuerit t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs Latine t\u00eb formoj\u00eb nj\u00eb variant t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb lir\u00eb 6.16 \u2014 Linux-libre 6.16-gnu, t\u00eb pastruar nga elementet e firmware-it dhe drejtueseve q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb komponente ose pjes\u00eb kodi t\u00eb pa lira, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara nga prodhuesi. N\u00eb l\u00ebshimin 6.16 \u00ebsht\u00eb neutralizuar ngarkimi i blob-\u00ebve n\u00eb driverat e rinj Intel qat 6xxx crypto, ST vd55g1 sensor, ath12k AHB wifi, Aeonsemi AS21xxx dhe MediaTek 25Gb Ethernet. Emrat e blob-\u00ebve n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt dts (devicetree) p\u00ebr \u00e7ipet ARM Qualcomm dhe MediaTek jan\u00eb pastruar. Kodi i pastrimit t\u00eb blob-\u00ebve n\u00eb driverat Nova Core, Nouveau, Realtek r8169 Ethernet, Qualcomm Iris, Venus, Mediatek mt7996 wifi, Qualcomm ath11k dhe ath12k wifi, Texas Instruments tas2781 dhe Renesas R-Car gen4 PCIe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63632\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.16. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f OpenVPN, \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c Kexec HandOver, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f x86, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430 DCCP, \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 zloop, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 core-\u0434\u0430\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 UNIX-\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 XFS, offload-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0432\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f USB-\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 Ext4, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-139749","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.16. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 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