{"id":140334,"date":"2025-08-09T23:12:05","date_gmt":"2025-08-09T21:12:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-debian-13"},"modified":"2025-08-09T23:12:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-09T21:12:05","slug":"reliz-debian-13","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-debian-13","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i Debian 13","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas dy vjet zhvillimi, u l\u00ebshua Debian 13 \u201cTrixie\u201d, i disponuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr tet\u00eb arkitektur\u00eb t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur zyrtarisht: Intel IA-32\/x86 (i686), AMD64\/x86-64, ARM EABI (armel), ARM64, ARMv7 (armhf), RISC-V, PowerPC 64 (ppc64el) dhe IBM System z (s390x). P\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet p\u00ebr Debian 13 do t\u00eb l\u00ebshohen p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb prej 5 vjet\u00ebsh.    <\/p>\n<p>T\u00eb imazhet instalues jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme p\u00ebr shkarkim, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb shkarkohen p\u00ebrmes HTTP, jigdo ose BitTorrent. P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn amd64 jan\u00eb zhvilluar LiveUSB, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme n\u00eb variante me GNOME, KDE, LXDE, Xfce, Cinnamon dhe MATE, si dhe nj\u00eb DVD shum\u00ebarkitekturor q\u00eb kombinon paketat p\u00ebr platform\u00ebn amd64 me paketa shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn i386. Para procedur\u00ebs s\u00eb migrimit nga Debian 12, duhet t\u00eb konsultoheni me k\u00ebt\u00eb dokument.      <\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb depo ndodhen 69830 paketa binare, q\u00eb jan\u00eb 5411 paketa m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa u ofruan n\u00eb Debian 12. Krahasuar me Debian 12, jan\u00eb shtuar 14116 paketa t\u00eb reja binare, 8844 (12%) paketa t\u00eb vjetra ose t\u00eb braktisura jan\u00eb hequr dhe 44326 (63%) paketa jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar. N\u00eb total, madh\u00ebsia e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kodit burimor t\u00eb ofruar n\u00eb distribucion \u00ebsht\u00eb 1 463 291 186 rreshta kodi. Madh\u00ebsia totale e t\u00eb gjitha paketimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb 403 GB.       <\/p>\n<p>P\u00ebr 96.9% t\u00eb paketave sigurohet mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimet e riprodhueshme, duke mund\u00ebsuar konfirmimin se skedari ekzekutiv \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar pik\u00ebrisht nga p\u00ebrmbajtjet e deklaruara dhe nuk p\u00ebrmban ndryshime t\u00eb cetra, z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimi i t\u00eb cilave, p\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb sulmi ndaj infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit ose nj\u00eb backdoor n\u00eb kompilator.    <\/p>\n<p>Ndryshimet kryesore n\u00eb Debian 13.0:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar porti zyrtar i distribucionit p\u00ebr sisteme me arkitektur\u00eb 64-bit RISC-V.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar porta \"loong64\" p\u00ebr sistemet me arkitektur\u00ebn e setit t\u00eb komandave LoongArch, e p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Loongson 3 5000 dhe q\u00eb zbatojn\u00eb ISA RISC, e ngjashme me MIPS dhe RISC-V. Porta nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb numrin e porteve q\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten zyrtarisht.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb hequr portat \"mipsel\" dhe \"mips64el\" p\u00ebr sistemet me arkitektur\u00ebn MIPS. Porta \"mipsel\" ishte nj\u00eb nga portet m\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura nga Debian, m\u00eb e vjetra se sa porta p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt i386. Arsyeja e heqjes ishte problemet teknike, si kufizimi i madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb memories n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb 2Gb dhe problemet me nd\u00ebrtimin.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nuk ka m\u00eb krijim t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimeve zyrtare dhe paketave me b\u00ebrtham\u00eb p\u00ebr sisteme 32-bit x86, por ruhet nj\u00eb depo zyrtare e mb\u00ebshtetur p\u00ebr paketat dhe nj\u00eb depo multi-arch, si dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr implementimin e mjediseve 32-bit n\u00eb kontejner\u00eb t\u00eb izoluar dhe mjete p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e aplikacioneve 32-bit. Arkitektura i386 n\u00eb Debian tani kufizohet n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e aplikacioneve 32-bit n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis 64-bit x86_64 (p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin p\u00ebrdoren udh\u00ebzime SSE2, t\u00eb cilat nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e procesor\u00ebve 32-bit t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb Debian 12).\n<li class=\"l\"> Problemi i vitit 2038 \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjidhur plot\u00ebsisht. T\u00eb gjitha paketat jan\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e tipit 64-bit time_t n\u00eb portet e distribucionit p\u00ebr arkitektura 32-bit, ku vazhdoi t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorej tipi 32-bit time_t (nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr trajtimin e koh\u00ebs pas 19 janarit 2038 p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mbingarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb num\u00ebruesit t\u00eb sekondave q\u00eb kan\u00eb kaluar nga 1 janari 1970).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb installator \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshuar logjika e menaxhimit t\u00eb particioneve EFI, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb mod i rikuperimit p\u00ebr sistemet e instaluara n\u00eb n\u00ebn-ndejat Btrfs. Jan\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuar firmware q\u00eb nuk nevojiten gjat\u00eb instalimit, nuk mund t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb pa paketa t\u00eb lira ose jan\u00eb t\u00eb padobishme n\u00eb konfigurimet aktuale t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs. \u00cbsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr grub-legacy dhe win32-loader. \u00cbsht\u00eb rifilluar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e simboleve jo-ASCII n\u00eb emrin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr plakat dhe pajisjet: Pine64 Pinebook, MNT Reform 2, AM64x HummingBoard-T, Pine64 Star64, Wandboard rev D1, si dhe laptop\u00ebt dhe tablet\u00ebt e bazuar n\u00eb ARM SoC Snapdragon X Elite.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb instalues dhe nd\u00ebrtimet Live \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar moda e ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb larg\u00ebt \"HTTP Boot\", ku imazhet boot-ues jan\u00eb d\u00ebrguar p\u00ebrmes protokollit HTTP (URL e imazhit iso shtypet n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen e firmware UEFI ose U-Boot).\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr ruajtjen e katalogut me skedar\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm \/tmp \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur sistemi i skedar\u00ebve tmpfs, i cili p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb disk RAM t\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb memorje, i cili mund t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb seksion swap n\u00eb rast t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb memories. P\u00ebrdorimi i tmpfs lejon t\u00eb reduktohet numri i operacioneve t\u00eb shkrimit n\u00eb ruajt\u00ebsin fizik, t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet konsumimi i energjis\u00eb s\u00eb hard disk\u00ebve, t\u00eb zgjatet jeta e SSD-s\u00eb dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohet performanca e pun\u00ebs me skedar\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkohsh\u00ebm. P\u00ebr t\u00eb rikthyer ruajtjen e \/tmp n\u00eb nj\u00eb FS t\u00eb zakonshme, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret komanda \"systemctl mask tmp.mount\".\n<li class=\"l\"> Skuadrat last, lastb dhe lastlog jan\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuar, t\u00eb cilat ishin t\u00eb lidhura me skedar\u00ebt \/var\/log\/wtmp, \/var\/log\/btmp, \/var\/run\/utmp dhe \/var\/log\/lastlog, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin tipin 32-bit time_t, i cili nuk mund t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohet me 64-bit pa ndryshuar ABI Glibc dhe pa cenuar kompatibilitetin me aplikacionet. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre utiliteteve, rekomandohet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren utilitetet wtmpdb, lastlog2 dhe lslogins.\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr identifikimin dhe montimin e FS-ve t\u00eb koduara, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur paketa systemd-cryptsetup.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemet me arkitektur\u00ebn AMD64 dhe ARM64 jan\u00eb aktivizuar shp\u00ebrndarjet Intel CET (Control-flow Enforcement Technology), ARM PAC (Pointer Authentication) dhe BTI (Branch Target Identification) p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga eksploitet q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin metoda t\u00eb programimit t\u00eb kthyer (ROP - Return-Oriented Programming). N\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e teknik\u00ebs ROP, sulmuesi nuk p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb vendos\u00eb kodin e tij n\u00eb memorie, por operon me copat e instruksioneve makin\u00eb q\u00eb tashm\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb n\u00eb bibliotekat e ngarkuara, duke p\u00ebrfunduar me udh\u00ebzimin e kthimit (zakonisht fundet e funksioneve t\u00eb bibliotekave). Funksionimi i eksploiti p\u00ebrfshin nd\u00ebrtimin e nj\u00eb zinxhiri thirrjesh t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre blokove (\"gadgets\") p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb funksionalitetin e nevojsh\u00ebm. Q\u00ebllimi i mbrojtjes \u00ebsht\u00eb se pas kalimit t\u00eb kontrollit n\u00eb funksion, adresat e kthimit ruhen nga procesori jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb pilin e zakonsh\u00ebm, por edhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb pil t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebt, i cili nuk mund t\u00eb ndryshohet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr utilitarin run0, i ofruar n\u00eb systemd p\u00ebr ekzekutimin e proceseve n\u00ebn identifikator\u00ebt e p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. Utilitari \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar si nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb mbi komand\u00ebn systemd-run dhe ofrohet si nj\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt t\u00eb programit sudo.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb aktivizuar dega e menaxherit t\u00eb pakove APT 3.0, ku \u00ebsht\u00eb riparuar nd\u00ebrfaqja e p\u00ebrdoruesit, \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar motori i zgjidhjes s\u00eb var\u00ebsive Solver3, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr snapshotet, \u00ebsht\u00eb ndaluar p\u00ebrdorimi i utilitetit apt-key, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb kripto-backend p\u00ebr bibliotek\u00ebn OpenSSL dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar komanda \u2018dist-clean\u2019.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar komanda debian-repro-status p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar gjendjen e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb riprodhuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr paketat e instaluara n\u00eb sistemin aktual.\n<li class=\"l\"> Migrimi i shp\u00ebrndarjes \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar nga p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb seksioni t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb \/usr n\u00eb nj\u00eb paraqitje ku katalog\u00ebt \/bin, \/sbin dhe \/lib* jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar si lidhje simbolike n\u00eb katalog\u00ebt p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs brenda \/usr.\n<li class=\"l\"> B\u00ebrthama Linux \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb versionin 6.12. \u00cbsht\u00eb aktivizuar versioni i ri i systemd 257, bash 5.2.37, Glibc 2.41, OpenSSL 3.5.\n<li class=\"l\"> Pjes\u00ebt p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb versionet e ambienteve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs GNOME 48, KDE Plasma 6.3, LXDE 13, LXQt 2.1.0 dhe Xfce 4.20. \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar steka grafike.\n<li class=\"l\">  Jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar aplikacionet p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit, si LibreOffice 25.2, GIMP 3.0.2, Inkscape 1.4, Vim 9.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> Jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar aplikacionet p\u00ebr server\u00eb, si BIND 9.20, Postfix 3.10, Exim 4.98, PostgreSQL 17, MariaDB 11.8, nginx 1.26, OpenJDK 21, OpenSSH 10.0, Samba 4.22, QEMU 10.0, Docker 26.1.5, Xen 4.20.\n<li class=\"l\"> Sistemet e zhvillimit jan\u00eb azhurnuar, si GCC 14.2, LLVM\/Clang 19, Perl 5.40, PHP 8.4, Python 3.13, Rust 1.85, Go 1.24.\n<ul>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=63702\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Debian 13 &#171;Trixie&#187;, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440: Intel IA-32\/x86 (i686), AMD64\/x86-64, ARM EABI (armel), ARM64, ARMv7 (armhf), RISC-V, PowerPC 64 (ppc64el) \u0438 IBM System z (s390x). \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f Debian 13 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 5 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e HTTP, jigdo [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-140334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - 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Azhurnimet p\u00ebr Debian 13 do t\u00eb l\u00ebshohen p\u00ebr 5 vjet. Imaginat instalues do t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion p\u00ebr shkarkim p\u00ebrmes HTTP, jigdo.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/reliz-debian-13","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":null,"og:locale":"sq_AL","og:site_name":"ProHoster | \u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442 DDoS, VPS VDS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b","og:type":"article","og:title":"\ud83e\udd47\u0420\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Debian 13 | ProHoster","og:description":"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 Debian 13 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