{"id":143523,"date":"2025-09-16T17:11:57","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati"},"modified":"2025-09-16T17:11:57","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:11:59","slug":"phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Phoenix \u2014 sulmi n\u00eb \u00e7ipat DDR5, q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb shp\u00ebrputhje t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb memories","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u00ebrkuesit nga Politeknika e Zvicr\u00ebs, s\u00eb bashku me inxhinier\u00ebt nga Google, kan\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb teknik\u00eb t\u00eb re sulmi t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Rowhammer - Phoenix (CVE-2025-6202), e cila lejon kalimin e mekanizmave mbrojt\u00ebse TRR (Target Row Refresh) t\u00eb aplikuar n\u00eb \u00e7ipat DDR5, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt parandalojn\u00eb d\u00ebmtimin e qelive t\u00eb memories p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb humbjes s\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs. \u00cbsht\u00eb publikuar nj\u00eb prototip i nj\u00eb eksploiti, duke lejuar ndryshimin e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb biti t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb memorien RAM dhe arritjen e privilegjeve m\u00eb t\u00eb larta n\u00eb sistem. Demontrimi i sulmit u realizua n\u00eb nj\u00eb PC me procesor AMD t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb mikroarkitektur\u00ebn Zen 4 dhe memorien DDR5 SK Hynix, mbi t\u00eb cilin u ekzekutuan detyra tipike p\u00ebr desktopin. <\/p>\n

Sulmi RowHammer lejon shp\u00ebrputhjen e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb biteve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb memorjes DRAM p\u00ebrmes leximeve ciklike t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga qelizat p\u00ebrreth. Pasi memorja DRAM p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb matric\u00eb dy-dimensionale e qelizave, secila nga t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb kondensator dhe nj\u00eb tranziistor, kryerja e leximeve t\u00eb vazhdueshme n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn zon\u00eb t\u00eb memories ndihmon n\u00eb fluktuacionin e tensionit dhe anomalit\u00eb q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb nj\u00eb humbje t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs n\u00eb qelizat p\u00ebrreth. N\u00ebse intensiteti i leximit \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb, qeliza p\u00ebrreth mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb konsiderueshme ngarkese dhe cikli i ardhsh\u00ebm i rikuperimit nuk arrin ta rikthej\u00eb gjendjen e saj fillestare, gj\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb ndryshimin e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb qeliz\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Metoda e sulmit Rowhammer u propozua n\u00eb vitin 2014, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs filloi nj\u00eb loj\u00eb e 'miceve dhe maceve' mes k\u00ebrkuesve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb dhe prodhuesve t\u00eb pajisjeve - prodhuesit e \u00e7ipave t\u00eb memories p\u00ebrpiqeshin t\u00eb blokonin vulnerabilitetin, nd\u00ebrsa k\u00ebrkuesit gjet\u00ebn m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr ta kaluar at\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur nga Rowhammer, prodhuesit e \u00e7ipave shtuan mekanizmin TRR (Target Row Refresh), por doli se ai kufizon d\u00ebmtimin e qelive vet\u00ebm n\u00eb raste t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, por nuk mbron nga t\u00eb gjitha variantet e mundshme t\u00eb sulmit. Metodat e sulmit jan\u00eb zhvilluar p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat DDR3, DDR4 dhe DDR5 n\u00eb sisteme me procesor\u00eb Intel, AMD dhe ARM, si dhe p\u00ebr memorien grafike q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb kartat grafike NVIDIA. M\u00eb tep\u00ebr, jan\u00eb gjetur m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar korrigjimin e gabimeve ECC dhe jan\u00eb propozuar variante sulmi p\u00ebrmes rrjetit dhe p\u00ebrmes ekzekutimit t\u00eb kodit JavaScript n\u00eb shfletues. <\/p>\n

Faktori ky\u00e7 p\u00ebr kalimin e mbrojtjes nga d\u00ebmtimi i qelive t\u00eb memories n\u00eb DRAM \u00ebsht\u00eb kuptimi i logjik\u00ebs s\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb mekanizmit TRR, i cili kryesisht mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb fshehjen e detajeve t\u00eb implementimit dhe parimin 'siguri p\u00ebrmes paqart\u00ebsis\u00eb (security by obscurity)'. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar logjik\u00ebn e funksionimit dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar inxhinierin\u00eb e kund\u00ebrt, k\u00ebrkuesit kan\u00eb krijuarpjes\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb FGPA Arty-A7 dhe ZCU104, q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb testimin e moduleve t\u00eb memorien DDR5 SO-DIMM dhe RDIMM, identifikimin e modeleve t\u00eb aksesit n\u00eb qelit\u00eb e memories, p\u00ebrcaktimin e cilat komanda t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt DDR d\u00ebrgohen pas operacioneve programore me memorien dhe analizimin e reagimeve ndaj tyre.

\"Phoenix<\/center> <\/p>\n

Doli se mbrojtja n\u00eb \u00e7ipat DDR5 t\u00eb analizuara \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar pa komanda t\u00eb shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr menaxhimin e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rikthimit t\u00eb memories dhe mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb skema me frekuenc\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshueshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjes s\u00eb qelizave. P\u00ebr realizimin e suksessh\u00ebm t\u00eb sulmit Rowhammer n\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte nevojitet ndjekja e sakt\u00eb e mij\u00ebra operacioneve t\u00eb rikthimit t\u00eb qelizave. N\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, metodat ekzistuese t\u00eb sulmit Rowhammer u treguan t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatshme dhe studiuesit zhvilluan nj\u00eb metod\u00eb t\u00eb re, q\u00eb realizon vetk\u00ebkorrigjimin e modeleve t\u00eb aksesit nd\u00ebrsa identifikon operacionet e rikthimit t\u00eb memories q\u00eb jan\u00eb humbur gjat\u00eb sulmit. <\/p>\n

Metoda u tregua efektive dhe gjat\u00eb testeve mundi t\u00eb arrij\u00eb nj\u00eb deformim t\u00eb kontrolluar t\u00eb bitit t\u00eb memories n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha 15 \u00e7ipat DDR5 t\u00eb testuar nga kompania SK Hynix (q\u00eb z\u00eb 36% t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb DRAM), prodhuar nga fundi i vitit 2021 deri n\u00eb fundin e vitit 2024. Deformimi i nj\u00eb bitoj u tregua i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb eksploatues q\u00eb mund\u00ebson marrjen e aksesit root n\u00eb sistem gjat\u00eb sulmit n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem me CPU AMD Ryzen 7 7700X dhe memorien SK Hynix DDR5 p\u00ebr gjat\u00eb 109 sekondave. P\u00ebr bllokimin e metod\u00ebs s\u00eb sugjeruar t\u00eb sulmit, rekomandohet t\u00eb rritet frekuenca e rikthimit t\u00eb memories tri her\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Si metoda t\u00eb eksploitimit q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb marrjen e t\u00eb drejtave root p\u00ebrmes deformimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb bitoj, jan\u00eb shqyrtuar teknikat e m\u00ebposhtme: ndryshimi i p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb regjistrave n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e faqeve t\u00eb memories (PTE, page table entry) p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb privilegjin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs; d\u00ebmtimi i \u00e7el\u00ebsit publik RSA-2048 t\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb memoria n\u00eb OpenSSH (mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsin publik n\u00eb duar t\u00eb huaja). makin\u00ebn virtuale<\/a> p\u00ebr p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebrin\u00eb me \u00e7el\u00ebsin e mbyllur t\u00eb sulmuesit p\u00ebr t'u lidhur me VM-n\u00eb e viktim\u00ebs); anashkalimi i kontrollit t\u00eb autorizimeve p\u00ebrmes modifikimit t\u00eb memorjes s\u00eb procesit sudo. Metoda me PTE tregoi rezultate pozitive p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb 15 \u00e7ipet e testuara, sulmi p\u00ebrmes RSA u realizua p\u00ebr 11 \u00e7ipe, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrmes sudo - p\u00ebr 5.

\"Phoenix<\/center> <\/p>\n

N\u00eb eksploitin p\u00ebr vendosjen e tabelave t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memorjes n\u00eb qelizat e p\u00ebrzgjedhura DRAM, p\u00ebrdoret teknika Rubicon, e cila u zbuluar nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht me sulmin e shqyrtuar Phoenix. Rubicon manipulus me karakteristikat e optimizimit n\u00eb sistemin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb memorjes n\u00eb b\u00ebrthamat e Linux dhe lejon p\u00ebrftimin e memorjes n\u00eb zona me nj\u00eb vler\u00eb tjet\u00ebr 'migratetype', t\u00eb rezervuara p\u00ebr operacione me privilegj. Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmuar n\u00eb b\u00ebrthamat e Linux duke filluar nga 5.4 deri n\u00eb 6.8, por teorikisht, vulnerabiliteti p\u00ebrfshin t\u00eb gjitha b\u00ebrthamat me mekanizmin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb memorjes Zoned Buddy Allocator. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 thjeshtimit t\u00eb sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Rowhammer, teknika Rubicon \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu e aplikueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur efikasitetin e sulmeve mikroarkitekturore, t\u00eb tilla si Spectre, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrcaktimin e vendodhjes n\u00eb memory t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave sekrete q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb nxirren p\u00ebrmes rrjedhjeve gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit spekulativ t\u00eb instruksioneve. Rubicon lejon q\u00eb t\u00eb hiqet faza e gjat\u00eb e skanimit t\u00eb memories dhe p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, t\u00eb till\u00eb si \/etc\/shadow. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, mund t\u00eb fillohet menj\u00ebher\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzimi i vulnerabiliteteve mikroarkitekturore, fal\u00eb vendosjes s\u00eb paracaktuar t\u00eb skedarit n\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb fizike t\u00eb njohur. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebrdorimi i metod\u00ebs Rubicon b\u00ebri t\u00eb mundur shpejtimin e rrjedhjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem me CPU Intel i7-8700K nga 2698 n\u00eb 9.5 sekonda (284 her\u00eb), dhe n\u00eb CPU AMD EPYC 7252, nga 189 n\u00eb 27.9 sekonda (6.8 her\u00eb).

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center> <\/p>\n

N\u00eb nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, nj\u00eb grup tjet\u00ebr k\u00ebrkuesish nga Universiteti i George Mason, demonstruan aplikueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e sulmeve t\u00eb tipit Rowhammer p\u00ebr kompromitimin e sistemeve AI. K\u00ebrkuesit paraqit\u00ebn metod\u00ebn OneFlip, e cila lejon ndryshimin e sjelljes s\u00eb modeleve t\u00eb AI p\u00ebrmes ndotjes n\u00eb memorje t\u00eb 1 biti informacioni. Nj\u00eb shembull kodi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur nj\u00eb ndryshim Trojan n\u00eb rrjetin nervor. Tregohet se si ndryshimi i nj\u00eb biti mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb devijuar funksionimin e modelit t\u00eb autopilotit p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar interpretimin e shenj\u00ebs rrugore 'Stop' n\u00eb shenj\u00ebn 'Kufizimi i shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb'. Po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb shqyrtuar p\u00ebrdorimi i metod\u00ebs p\u00ebr anashkalimin e sistemeve t\u00eb njohjes s\u00eb fytyr\u00ebs. P\u00ebr modelet q\u00eb ruajn\u00eb koeficient\u00ebt e pesh\u00ebs n\u00eb form\u00ebn e numrave t\u00eb plot\u00eb 32-bit\u00eb, suksesin e realizimit t\u00eb sulmit vler\u00ebsohet n\u00eb 99.9% pa ndikuar n\u00eb karakteristikat e fillimit t\u00eb modelit.

\"Phoenix<\/center>
\n
Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Google \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Rowhammer — Phoenix (CVE-2025-6202), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445 DDR5 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b TRR (Target Row Refresh), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":143524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-143523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Phoenix \u2014 nj\u00eb sulm ndaj \u00e7ipave DDR5, q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb deformimin e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb memories | ProHoster","description":"Studiuesit nga Shkolla Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Teknologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Zvic\u00ebr, n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me inxhinier\u00eb nga kompania Google, zhvilluan nj\u00eb teknik\u00eb t\u00eb re sulmi t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Rowhammer - 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