{"id":143523,"date":"2025-09-16T17:11:57","date_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:11:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati"},"modified":"2025-09-16T17:11:57","modified_gmt":"2025-09-16T15:11:59","slug":"phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/phoenix-ataka-na-chipy-ddr5-privodyashhaya-k-iskazheniyu-soderzhimogo-pamyati","title":{"rendered":"Phoenix \u2014 sulmi ndaj \u00e7ipave DDR5, i cili shkakton devijimin e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb memories","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Studimet e kryera nga shkolla e lart\u00eb teknike e Zvicr\u00ebs n\u00eb Cyrih s\u00eb bashku me inxhinier\u00ebt e kompanis\u00eb Google kan\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb teknik\u00eb t\u00eb re sulmi t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Rowhammer \u2014 Phoenix (CVE-2025-6202), e cila lejon kalimin e mekanizmave t\u00eb mbrojtjes TRR (Target Row Refresh) t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb \u00e7ipat DDR5, q\u00eb parandalojn\u00eb deformimin e qelizave t\u00eb memories p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb humbjes s\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs. \u00cbsht\u00eb publikuar nj\u00eb prototip i nj\u00eb eksploiti, i cili lejon ndryshimin e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb biti t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb memorien e operativ\u00ebs dhe arritjen e p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimit t\u00eb privilegjeve n\u00eb sistem. Demonstrimi i sulmit u krye n\u00eb nj\u00eb PC me procesor AMD t\u00eb bazuar n\u00eb mikroarkitektur\u00ebn Zen 4 dhe memorien DDR5 nga SK Hynix, ku u realizuan detyra tipike p\u00ebr desktop. <\/p>\n

Sulmi RowHammer lejon t\u00eb falsifikoj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e bit\u00ebve t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb memories DRAM duke lexuar ciklikisht t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga qelizat fqinje t\u00eb memories. Duke qen\u00eb se memoria DRAM p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb array bidimensional t\u00eb qelizave, secila prej t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga nj\u00eb kondensator dhe nj\u00eb transistor, kryerja e leximeve t\u00eb vazhdueshme n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rajon t\u00eb memories \u00e7on n\u00ebfluktuacione t\u00eb tensionit dhe anomali q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb nj\u00eb humbje t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs n\u00eb qelizat fqinje. N\u00ebse intensiteti i leximeve \u00ebsht\u00eb i lart\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb qeliz\u00eb fqinje mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb konsiderueshme ngarkese dhe cikli i ardhsh\u00ebm i rikuperimit nuk do t\u00eb arrij\u00eb ta rikthej\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb gjendjen e saj fillestare, \u00e7ka do t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb n\u00eb ndryshimin e vler\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb ruajtura n\u00eb at\u00eb qeliz\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Metoda e sulmit Rowhammer u propozua n\u00eb vitin 2014, pas s\u00eb cil\u00ebs filloi nj\u00eb loj\u00eb mes k\u00ebrkuesve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb dhe prodhuesve t\u00eb pajisjeve \u2014 prodhuesit e \u00e7ipave t\u00eb memories p\u00ebrpiqeshin t\u00eb bllokonin vulnerabilitetin, nd\u00ebrsa k\u00ebrkuesit gjenin m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr ta anashkaluar at\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr mbrojtjen nga RowHammer, prodhuesit e \u00e7ipave shtuan mekanizmin TRR (Target Row Refresh), por u zbulua se ai bllokonte deformimin e qelizave vet\u00ebm n\u00eb raste t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, duke mos mbrojtur nga t\u00eb gjitha variantet e mundshme t\u00eb sulmit. Metodat e sulmit u zhvilluan p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat DDR3, DDR4 dhe DDR5 n\u00eb sisteme me procesor\u00eb Intel, AMD dhe ARM, si dhe p\u00ebr memorien video t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb kartat grafike NVIDIA. M\u00eb shum\u00eb, u zbuluan m\u00ebnyra p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar korrigjimin e gabimeve ECC dhe u propozuan opsione p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar sulmin p\u00ebrmes rrjeti dhe duke ekzekutuar kodin JavaScript n\u00eb shfletues. <\/p>\n

Fakti ky\u00e7 p\u00ebr kalimin e mbrojtjes ndaj deformimit t\u00eb qelizave t\u00eb memories n\u00eb DRAM \u00ebsht\u00eb kuptimi i logjik\u00ebs s\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb mekanizmit TRR, i cili n\u00eb thelb mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb fshehjen e detajeve t\u00eb zbatimit dhe parimin e 'siguris\u00eb p\u00ebrmes paqart\u00ebsis\u00eb' (security by obscurity). P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar logjik\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer inxhinierin\u00eb e prapambetur, studiuesit krijuan pllaka speciale t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb FGPA Arty-A7 dhe ZCU104, q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb testimin e moduleve DDR5 t\u00eb memories SO-DIMM dhe RDIMM, zbulojn\u00eb modelet e qasjes n\u00eb qelizat e memories, p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb cilat komandat DDR t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt d\u00ebrgohen pas operacioneve programore me memorien dhe analizojn\u00eb reagimin ndaj tyre.

\"Phoenix<\/center> <\/p>\n

Doli se mbrojtja n\u00eb \u00e7ipat DDR5 t\u00eb analizuar \u00ebsht\u00eb e implementuar pa komandat shtes\u00eb t\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rinovimit t\u00eb memories dhe mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb skemat me frekuenc\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshueshme t\u00eb ricarikimit t\u00eb qelizave. P\u00ebr realizimin e suksessh\u00ebm t\u00eb sulmit Rowhammer n\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte k\u00ebrkohet ndjekja e sakt\u00eb e mij\u00ebra operacioneve t\u00eb rinovimit t\u00eb qelizave. N\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, metodat ekzistuese t\u00eb sulmit Rowhammer u d\u00ebshmuan si t\u00eb pap\u00ebrdorshme dhe studiuesit zhvilluan nj\u00eb metod\u00eb t\u00eb re, e cila realizon vet\u00eb-korrektimin e modeleve t\u00eb qasjes gjat\u00eb identifikimit t\u00eb operacioneve t\u00eb humbura t\u00eb rinovimit t\u00eb memories gjat\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb sulmit. <\/p>\n

Metoda doli t\u00eb ishte efektive dhe gjat\u00eb testeve lejoj nj\u00eb deformim t\u00eb kontrolluar t\u00eb bitit t\u00eb memories n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb 15 \u00e7ipat e testuar DDR5 nga kompania SK Hynix (e cila z\u00eb 36% t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb DRAM), t\u00eb prodhuara nga fundi i vitit 2021 deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2024. Deformimi i nj\u00eb biti u d\u00ebshmua i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb exploit q\u00eb lejon arrijjen e aksesit root n\u00eb sistem gjat\u00eb realizimit t\u00eb sulmit n\u00eb sistemin me CPU AMD Ryzen 7 7700X dhe memorien SK Hynix DDR5 p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb prej 109 sekondash. P\u00ebr t\u00eb bllokuar metod\u00ebn e propozuar t\u00eb sulmit, rekomandohet rritja e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb rinovimit t\u00eb memories tri her\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Si metoda t\u00eb eksploitimit q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb arritjen e privilegjeve root p\u00ebrmes deformimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb biti, u shqyrtuan teknika t\u00eb ndryshme: ndryshimi i p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb regjistrave n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e faqeve t\u00eb memories (PTE, entry e tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb faqeve) p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb privilegjin e kernelit; d\u00ebmtimi i \u00e7el\u00ebsit publik RSA-2048 t\u00eb ruajtur n\u00eb memorie n\u00eb OpenSSH (mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsin publik n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me \u00e7el\u00ebsin e mbyllur t\u00eb sulmuesit p\u00ebr t'u lidhur me VM-n\u00eb e viktim\u00ebs); kalimi i kontrollit t\u00eb autorizimeve p\u00ebrmes modifikimit t\u00eb memories s\u00eb procesit sudo. Metoda me PTE rezultoi t\u00eb ishte funksionale p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb 15 \u00e7ipat e testuar, sulmi p\u00ebrmes RSA u arrit p\u00ebr 11 \u00e7ipa, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr sudo \u2014 p\u00ebr 5. makin\u00ebn virtuale<\/a> N\u00eb exploit p\u00ebr vendosjen e tabelave t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories n\u00eb qelizat e zgjedhura t\u00eb DRAM, u angazhua teknika Rubicon, e cila u zbuluar nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht me sulmin e diskutuar Phoenix. Rubicon manipuluar me karakteristikat e optimizimit n\u00eb sistemin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb memories n\u00eb kernelin Linux dhe lejon arritjen e alokimit t\u00eb memories n\u00eb zona me nj\u00eb vler\u00eb tjet\u00ebr 'migratetype', t\u00eb rezervuar p\u00ebr operacione privilegjuar. Prania e problemit \u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmuar n\u00eb kernel\u00ebt Linux nga versioni 5.4 deri n\u00eb 6.8, por teorikisht, vulnerabiliteti mbulon t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kernel\u00ebt me mekanizmin e alokimit t\u00eb memories Zoned Buddy Allocator.

\"Phoenix<\/center> <\/p>\n

N\u00eb eksploitin p\u00ebr vendosjen e tabelave t\u00eb faqeve t\u00eb memories, n\u00eb qelizat e p\u00ebrzgjedhura DRAM p\u00ebrdoret teknika Rubicon, e zbulur nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht me sulmin e shqyrtuar Phoenix. Rubicon manipullon karakteristikat e optimizimit n\u00eb sistemin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb memories n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux dhe lejon q\u00eb t\u00eb arrihet ndarja e memories n\u00eb zona me nj\u00eb vler\u00eb tjet\u00ebr 'migratetype', t\u00eb rezervuara p\u00ebr operacione me privilegje. Prania e problemit \u00ebsht\u00eb konfirmuar n\u00eb b\u00ebrthamat Linux q\u00eb nga 5.4 deri n\u00eb 6.8, por teorikisht vulnerabiliteti mbulon t\u00eb gjitha b\u00ebrthamat me mekanizmin e ndarjes s\u00eb memories Zoned Buddy Allocator. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 leht\u00ebsimit t\u00eb sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Rowhammer, teknika Rubicon \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu e aplikueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur efikasitetin e sulmeve mikroarkitekturore, si Spectre, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar identifikimin e vendndodhjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave sekrete n\u00eb memorie q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohet t\u00eb nxirret n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet rr\u00ebfimeve gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit spekulativ t\u00eb instrukcioneve. Rubicon lejon shmangien e nj\u00eb faze t\u00eb gjat\u00eb skanimi t\u00eb memories dhe identifikimit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb \/etc\/shadow. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, mund t\u00eb fillohet menj\u00ebher\u00eb me shfryt\u00ebzimin e dob\u00ebsive mikroarkitekturore, fal\u00eb vendosjes s\u00eb paracaktuar t\u00eb skedarit n\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb fizike t\u00eb njohur. P\u00ebr shembull, aplikimi i metod\u00ebs Rubicon ka lejuar t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtohet rrjedhja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem me CPU Intel i7-8700K nga 2698 n\u00eb 9.5 sekonda (284 her\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt), dhe n\u00eb CPU AMD EPYC 7252, nga 189 n\u00eb 27.9 sekonda (6.8 her\u00eb m\u00eb shpejt).

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center> <\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, nj\u00eb grup tjet\u00ebr studiuesish nga Universiteti George Mason demonstruan aplikueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e sulmeve t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Rowhammer p\u00ebr kompromitimin e sistemeve AI. Studiuesit propozuan nj\u00eb metod\u00eb OneFlip, e cila lejon t\u00eb ndryshohet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb selektive sjellja e modeleve AI p\u00ebrmes deformimit n\u00eb memorie t\u00eb 1 biti informacioni. Nj\u00eb shembull kodi \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion p\u00ebr t\u00eb futur nj\u00eb ndryshim trojan n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet nervor. Tregohet se si ndryshimi i nj\u00eb biti mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb deformuar funksionimin e modelit t\u00eb autopilotit p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar interpretimin e shenj\u00ebs rrugore \"Stop\" n\u00eb shenj\u00ebn \"Kufizim Shpejt\u00ebsie\". Po ashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb shqyrtuar p\u00ebrdorimi i metod\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar sistemet e njohjes s\u00eb fytyr\u00ebs. P\u00ebr modelet q\u00eb ruajn\u00eb koeficient\u00ebt e pesh\u00ebs n\u00eb form\u00ebn e numrave t\u00eb plot\u00eb 32-bit, suksesi i realizimit t\u00eb sulmit vler\u00ebsohet n\u00eb 99.9% pa ndikuar n\u00eb karakteristikat fillestare t\u00eb modelit.

\"Phoenix<\/center>
\n
Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0418\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0428\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0446\u0430\u0440\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0426\u044e\u0440\u0438\u0445\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Google \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 Rowhammer — Phoenix (CVE-2025-6202), \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445 DDR5 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b TRR (Target Row Refresh), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0451\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":143524,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-143523","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47Phoenix \u2014 sulmi ndaj \u00e7ipave DDR5 q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb d\u00ebmtime t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb memories | ProHoster","description":"K\u00ebrkuesit nga Shkolla Politeknike Federale t\u00eb Zvicr\u00ebs, n\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunim me inxhinier\u00ebt e kompanis\u00eb Google, zhvilluan nj\u00eb teknik\u00eb t\u00eb re sulmuese t\u00eb klas\u00ebs Rowhammer - 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