{"id":148860,"date":"2025-11-19T17:11:54","date_gmt":"2025-11-19T15:11:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-gipervizora-xen-4-21"},"modified":"2025-11-19T17:11:54","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T15:11:54","slug":"vypusk-gipervizora-xen-4-21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/vypusk-gipervizora-xen-4-21","title":{"rendered":"Publikimi i hipervizorit Xen 4.21","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
Pas 8 muajve zhvillimi, \u00ebsht\u00eb publikuar versioni i lir\u00eb i hipervizorit Xen 4.21. N\u00eb zhvillimin e l\u00ebshimit t\u00eb ri kan\u00eb marr\u00eb pjes\u00eb kompani si Amazon, Arm, EPAM Systems dhe AMD. Kodi i projektit \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn C dhe shp\u00ebrndahet n\u00ebn licenc\u00ebn GPLv2+. Zhvillimi po kryhet brenda organizat\u00ebs Linux Foundation. <\/p>\n
Ndryshimet kryesore n\u00eb Xen 4.21: <\/p>\n
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\u00cbsht\u00eb siguruar mb\u00ebshtetje e plot\u00eb p\u00ebr modelin e pajisjeve Linux stubdomain, i cili lejon ekzekutimin e komponent\u00ebve p\u00ebr simulimin e pajisjeve n\u00ebn nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb ndar\u00eb dhe pa privilegje. Modeli Linux stubdomain \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar nga projekti QUBES OS dhe mb\u00ebshtet p\u00ebrdorimin e drejtuesve t\u00eb simulimit nga versionet e fundit t\u00eb QEMU, si dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e disponueshme n\u00eb QEMU p\u00ebr sistemet mysafir.\n
Ndryshimet p\u00ebr sistemet e bazuara n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn x86:\n
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\u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr algoritmin e ri t\u00eb kompresionit t\u00eb struktur\u00ebs PDX (Page inDeX), i cili p\u00ebrmir\u00ebson funksionimin e Xen n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Intel Sierra Forest dhe Granite Rapids duke lejuar hartimin jo-linear t\u00eb memories fizike (sparse memory map), q\u00eb mund\u00ebson pranin\u00eb e zonave t\u00eb boshatisura.\n
\u00cbsht shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar atributin e memorie p\u00ebr caching n\u00eb MTRR (Memory Type Range Registers) p\u00ebr regjistrin BAR (Base Address Register) t\u00eb pajisjes baz\u00eb PCI t\u00eb platform\u00ebs Xen, e cila p\u00ebrdoret nga sistemet nikoqir n\u00eb modalitetin HVM. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb parazgjedhur, n\u00eb MTRR p\u00ebr memorjen e reflektuar t\u00eb pajisjeve PCI \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar atributi UC (uncacheable), i cili ka kuptim p\u00ebr pajisjet reale PCI, por vet\u00ebm zvog\u00eblon performanc\u00ebn e pajisjes PCI t\u00eb platform\u00ebs Xen.\n
P\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt AMD \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb drejtues i ri amd-cppc\/amd-cppc-epp, q\u00eb menaxhon ndryshimin e frekuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb CPU p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur performanc\u00ebn optimale. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtues \u00ebsht\u00eb angazhuar mekanizmi CPPC (Collaborative Processor Performance Control), i cili, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 acpi-cpufreq, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar n\u00eb tre nivele performanc\u00eb dhe lejon nj\u00eb reagim m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb ndaj ndryshimit t\u00eb gjendjes.\n
N\u00eb variantin e nd\u00ebrfaqes xenstore-stubdom, e cila p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur xenstored pa privilegje Dom0, p\u00ebr ambientet paravirualizuese n\u00eb modalitetin PVH \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb.\n
P\u00ebr Dom0 n\u00eb modalitetin PVH \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb Resizable BAR (Resizable Base Address Register), e cila lejon qasje n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb memorjen e pajisjes PCI Express menj\u00ebher\u00eb, dhe jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb lidhje me blloqet.\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e kalimit t\u00eb pajisjeve PCI n\u00eb ambientet domU n\u00eb modalitetin HVM (virtualizim t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb pajisjeve) n\u00eb konfigurimet ku dom0 funksionon n\u00eb modalitetin PVH (virtualizim hibrid dhe para-virtualizim). <\/ul>\n
Ndryshimet p\u00ebr sistemet e bazuara n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn ARM:\n
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\u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar mekanizmin e mbrojtjes s\u00eb stack-ut (nd\u00ebrtime me flamurin «-fstack-protector»), i bazuar n\u00eb shtimin e etiketave kanar\u00eb n\u00eb stack - sekvenca t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme. N\u00eb rast t\u00eb mbushjes s\u00eb buffer-it gjat\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzimit t\u00eb dob\u00ebsis\u00eb, etiketimi kanar p\u00ebrfundon duke u ridimensionuar nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb tjera, q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb aktivizimin e kontrollit t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr ndryshueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e etiket\u00ebs dhe nisim e rollit t\u00eb aplikacionit.\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb shtyr\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmin e eSPI (P\u00ebr\u00e7imi i Zgjatur i P\u00ebr\u00e7uesve t\u00eb Penedo), i ofruar nga kontrollet e nd\u00ebrprerjeve GICv3.1.\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb implementuar p\u00ebrpunimi i SMMU (Nj\u00ebsia e Menaxhimit t\u00eb Memories t\u00eb Sistemit) gjat\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb pajisjeve PCIe.\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr kontrolluesit e PCI, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e kat\u00ebrt t\u00eb SoC Renesas R-Car.\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt Cortex-R52 dhe Cortex-R82 me MPU (Nj\u00ebsia e Mbrojtjes s\u00eb Memories). <\/ul>\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb vazhduar implementimi i k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr zhvillimin e programeve t\u00eb sigurta dhe t\u00eb besueshme n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn C, t\u00eb formuluara n\u00eb specifikimet MISRA-C p\u00ebr sistemet kritike.\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb nd\u00ebrprer\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr versionet e vjetra GCC dhe Clang, tani nevojiten t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn versionet GCC 5.1, Clang 11, Binutils 2.25 dhe GNU Make 3.80 p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtim. <\/ul>\n