- \n
- N\u00eb Device Mapper \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar trajtuesi dm-pcache p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimin e memories persistente (memoria CXL, e adresueshme p\u00ebrmes pajisjes DAX) si nj\u00eb cache t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebrpara disqeve tradicionale m\u00eb t\u00eb ngadalta ose pajisjeve flash. Dm-pcache siguron ruajtjen e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb cache-it n\u00eb rast t\u00eb d\u00ebshtimeve (crash-safe) p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb memories jo-volatile, dyfishimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe verifikimit t\u00eb integritetit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave dhe metadatat p\u00ebrmes checksum-eve CRC32. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment, mb\u00ebshtetet vet\u00ebm caching-u n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb vonuar (write-back).\n
- Kodi i sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve Bcachefs \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr nga kernel-i, i cili tani do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahet n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb moduli t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm, q\u00eb kompilohet duke p\u00ebrdorur mjetin DKMS (Dynamic Kernel Module Support). Kodi i Bcachefs mund t\u00eb rikthehet n\u00eb kernel pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb prov\u00ebs nga Kent Overstreet p\u00ebr aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunuar me zhvilluesit e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb kernelit dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur rregullat e njohura t\u00eb zhvillimit.\n
- N\u00eb thirrjen sistemore pwritev2() \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar flagu RWF_NOSIGNAL, i cili ndalon d\u00ebrgimin e sinjalit SIGPIPE kur shkruhet n\u00eb kanale ose sokete t\u00eb ndara pa emra.\n
- N\u00eb Procfs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb opsion montimi 'pidns' p\u00ebr t\u00eb specifikuar hap\u00ebsirat e emrave t\u00eb identifikuesve t\u00eb proceseve (PID namespace). P\u00ebr shembull: 'mount -t proc -o pidns=\/proc\/self\/ns\/pid proc \/tmp\/proc'.\n
- N\u00eb XFS \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur e q\u00ebndrueshme dhe p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb si e parazgjedhur mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb utilitarit fsck p\u00ebr kontrollimin dhe riparimin e problemeve t\u00eb zbuluara n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb online, pa e \u00e7montuar sistemin e skedar\u00ebve. Jan\u00eb shtuar thirrjet sistemore file_getattr dhe file_setattr p\u00ebr ndryshimin e atributeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve special\u00eb (\u00e7do inode). N\u00eb KConfig jan\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar si t\u00eb vjet\u00ebra opsionet XFS_SUPPORT_V4 (versioni 4 i XFS) dhe XFS_SUPPORT_ASCII_CI (modi i pa ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj rastit p\u00ebr karakteret ASCII). Jan\u00eb fshir\u00eb opsionet e vjetra t\u00eb montimit attr2, noattr2, ikeep dhe noikeep.\n
- N\u00eb MD RAID \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb lloj i ri i grafikave t\u00eb bit\u00ebve - llbitmap (bitmap pa bllokim), q\u00eb funksionon pa blokime dhe siguron performanc\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.\n
- Informacioni i lidhur me enkriptimin dhe verifikimin \u00ebsht\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb nga struktura e p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt 'inode' (pointers i_crypt_info dhe i_verity_info). Ky ndryshim lejon t\u00eb reduktohet konsumimi i memories n\u00eb sistemet e skedareve q\u00eb nuk mb\u00ebshtesin enkriptimin dhe verifikimin.\n
- N\u00eb n\u00ebnstruktur\u00ebn FUSE \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr thirrjen sistemore copy_file_range() dhe kopjimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb range-ve duke p\u00ebrdorur madh\u00ebsin\u00eb me tip 64-bit (m\u00eb par\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetej vet\u00ebm madh\u00ebsia 32-bit). \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr inicializimin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb sinkrone gjat\u00eb montimit (FUSE_DEV_IOC_SYNC_INIT).\n
- N\u00eb FS ext4 \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb identifikator\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve 32-bit (uid) dhe grupeve (gid) kur aksesohet bllokimi i rezervuar. Jan\u00eb shtuar operacionet ioctl p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur dhe lexuar parametrat e superblokut t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb montuar (tune2fs do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb parametrat n\u00eb superblok pa t\u00eb drejta shkrimi n\u00eb pajisjen bllokues). Jan\u00eb fshir\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht konfigurimet e vjetra t\u00eb specifikuara p\u00ebr ext3.\n
- N\u00eb f2fs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb opsion montimi 'lookup_mode' p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e k\u00ebrkimit: perf - k\u00ebrkim me hash, compat - k\u00ebrkim linear, auto - zgjedhje automatik\u00eb. Ndryshimi i mod\u00ebs ka kuptim p\u00ebr konfigurimet me dosje, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat nuk merret parasysh rregulli i simboleve. Moda aktuale e k\u00ebrkimit mund t\u00eb merret p\u00ebrmes skedarit '\/sys\/fs\/f2fs\/\/effective_lookup_mode'. Ka gjithashtu mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rezervuar inode, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit me privilegje.\n
- N\u00eb Overlayfs \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb funksionimi pa marr\u00eb parasysh regjistrin e simboleve, e cila aktivizohet n\u00eb nivelin e slojve t\u00eb FS (vendosja p\u00ebr direktor t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb ende nuk mb\u00ebshtetet).\n
- N\u00eb BTRFS \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar paralelizmi i operacioneve n\u00eb ngarkesa t\u00eb larta t\u00eb leximit dhe ngarkesa t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb shkruarjes, \u00ebsht\u00eb shkurtuar koha e konfirmimit t\u00eb transaksioneve, dhe ndjesh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb shkurtuar koha e sinkronizimit (nga minuta n\u00eb disa sekonda). \u00cbsht\u00eb ofruar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb blloqeve (bs) m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha se faqja e memories (ps).\n
- N\u00eb ksmbd (nj\u00eb server SMB q\u00eb punon n\u00eb nivelin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs) \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb parameter p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar numrin maksimal t\u00eb lidhjeve nga nj\u00eb. Adresa IP<\/a>. smbdirect, smbclient dhe smbserver jan\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e strukturave tipike t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.\n
- N\u00eb SQUASHFS \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb opsioneve SEEK_DATA dhe SEEK_HOLE n\u00eb thirrjen sistemike lseek() p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat dhe hap\u00ebsirat e zbraz\u00ebta n\u00eb skedar\u00eb t\u00eb rralluar. N\u00eb disa teste \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re nj\u00eb rritje e performanc\u00ebs n\u00eb kopjimin e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb rralluar deri n\u00eb 150 her\u00eb.\n
- N\u00eb EXFAT \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ioctl FS_IOC_GETFSLABEL dhe FS_IOC_SETFSLABEL p\u00ebr leximin dhe shkruarjen e etiketave t\u00eb seksioneve. \u00cbsht\u00eb ofruar mund\u00ebsia e ndryshimit t\u00eb opsioneve t\u00eb montimit gjat\u00eb rimontimit. \u00cbsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar ngarkimi i hartave bit.\n
- N\u00eb NTFS3 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ioctl FS_IOC_GETFSLABEL dhe FS_IOC_SETFSLABEL p\u00ebr leximin dhe vendosjen e etiketave t\u00eb seksioneve. <\/ul>\n
- Memorie dhe sh\u00ebrbime sistemike<\/b>\n
- \n
- \u00cbsht\u00eb pranuar implementimi i mekanizmit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjes nd\u00ebrprocesor\u00eb (IPC) Binder, i shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust. Binder p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb Android p\u00ebr organizimin e nd\u00ebrveprimit midis proceseve dhe thirrjen e metodave t\u00eb larg\u00ebta (nj\u00eb proces Android mund t\u00eb th\u00ebrras\u00eb nj\u00eb metod\u00eb ose funksion n\u00eb nj\u00eb proces tjet\u00ebr Android duke p\u00ebrdorur Binder p\u00ebr identifikimin, thirrjen dhe kalimin e argumenteve midis proceseve). Kodi i Binder \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb iniciativ\u00ebs s\u00eb Google p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar sigurin\u00eb e Android.\n
- N\u00eb SLUB, alokatori i memories s\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb opsionale ndihmuese 'sheaves', e cila p\u00ebrdor disa cache-e, secila e lidhur me nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb CPU, q\u00eb lejon lokalizimin e operacioneve nga nj\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb gjat\u00eb alokimit ose lirimit t\u00eb memories. Nj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb cache ka rritur performanc\u00ebn e alokimit dhe lirimit t\u00eb memories n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, duke hequr nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr primitive t\u00eb tep\u00ebrta sinkronizimi q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen kur p\u00ebrfshihen b\u00ebrthama t\u00eb ndryshme CPU. N\u00eb testet e kryera, rritja e performanc\u00ebs ka qen\u00eb nga 6.3% deri n\u00eb 31% sipas llojit t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs.\n
- \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e krijimit t\u00eb descriptor\u00ebve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, t\u00eb identifikuar me nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb emri (namespace) t\u00eb caktuar. Ndryshe nga qasja n\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat e emrave p\u00ebrmes identifikuesve (\/proc\/\/ns\/), deskriptor\u00ebt e skedar\u00ebve jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me nj\u00eb ekzemplar t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb emrit dhe p\u00ebrjashtojn\u00eb situat\u00ebn kur identifikuesi \u00ebsht\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri dhe tregon p\u00ebr nj\u00eb objekt tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me p\u00ebrdorimin e pidfds, hapja e descriptor\u00ebve t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve q\u00eb referohen n\u00eb hap\u00ebsirat e emrave b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrmes funksioneve open_by_handle_at() dhe name_to_handle_at().\n
- Mekanizmi 'Swap Table' \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar, duke lejuar rritjen e performanc\u00ebs s\u00eb shkarkimit. Shpejt\u00ebsia arrihet p\u00ebrmes reduktimit t\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr qasjen n\u00eb cache-n e shkarkimit, k\u00ebrkimit m\u00eb efikas n\u00eb cache dhe reduktimit t\u00eb fragmentimit. Backend-i n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb Swap Table \u00ebsht\u00eb angazhuar p\u00ebr cache-n e shkarkimit n\u00eb vend t\u00eb backend-it XArray dhe ka lejuar nj\u00eb rritje mesatare t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs prej 5-20%. N\u00eb testin usemem, kapaciteti kalimtar u rrit me 17-28%, n\u00eb testin p\u00ebr rikonstruksionin shum\u00eb-fijor t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs koh\u00ebzgjatja e nd\u00ebrtimit u reduktua me 1.12-3.19%, testi redis-benchmark me BGSAVE tregoi nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuara me 6-7%.\n
- Sundimi i Zswap \u00ebsht\u00eb transferuar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin direkt t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb alokimit t\u00eb memories zsmalloc n\u00eb vend t\u00eb shtres\u00ebs zpool, e cila nuk p\u00ebrdoret m\u00eb dhe tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e eliminuar nga b\u00ebrthama.\n
- P\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar sjelljen e ngarkuesit t\u00eb mikrokodit n\u00eb sistemet x86, \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar opsioni i linj\u00ebs s\u00eb komandave 'microcode=lista e flamur\u00ebve'. N\u00eb versionin aktual, ky opsion i ri ka z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar 'microcode.force_minrev' dhe gjithashtu lejon vendosjen e versionit minimal t\u00eb pranuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr ngarkim t\u00eb mikrokodit.\n
- Ka filluar puna p\u00ebr reorganizimin e struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb tepruar t\u00eb fryr\u00eb 'page', e cila p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr menaxhimin e faqeve t\u00eb memories s\u00eb operimit. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar lloji 'memdesc_flags_t' p\u00ebr fushat me flamuj universale, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren pas ndarjes s\u00eb pritur n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen nga struktura 'page' t\u00eb strukturave t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta p\u00ebr slab dhe folianta (folio).\n
- P\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn nios2, e p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb procesor\u00ebt Altera Nios II (procesor i but\u00eb mbi baz\u00ebn e FPGA), \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr thirrjen e sistemit clone3().\n
- N\u00eb konfigurimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs (KConfig) \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar atributi 'transitional', i cili mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar cil\u00ebsimet q\u00eb nuk shfaqen n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqet e p\u00ebrdoruesve, si 'make menuconfig', dhe nuk p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt e konfiguruar. Q\u00ebllimi kryesor i atributit \u00ebsht\u00eb thjeshtimi i rinominimit t\u00eb opsioneve nd\u00ebrsa ruhet p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebria e prapme.\n
- Versioni minimal i kompilatorit Clang, me t\u00eb cilin mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohet b\u00ebrthama, \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb mjetet LLVM 15. N\u00eb Debian 12 dhe Ubuntu 22.04, ofrohet LLVM 14.\n
- \u00cbsht\u00eb vazhduar transferimi i ndryshimeve nga dega Rust-for-Linux, t\u00eb lidhura me p\u00ebrdorimin e gjuh\u00ebs Rust si gjuh\u00eb e dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvillimin e drejtorive dhe moduleve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs (mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr Rust nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e aktivizuar nga default dhe nuk \u00e7on n\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjen e Rust n\u00eb var\u00ebsit\u00eb e detyrueshme p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs). N\u00eb versionin e ri p\u00ebr kodin n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust jan\u00eb realizuar operacione atomike me memorie, struktura maple tree, mund\u00ebsia e krijimit t\u00eb skedave DebugFS dhe funksione p\u00ebr manipulimin e hartave t\u00eb bit\u00ebve. \u00cbsht\u00eb zgjeruar qasja n\u00eb API p\u00ebr zhvillimin e drejtorive. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb grup i plot\u00eb i abstraksioneve p\u00ebr zhvillimin e drejtorive t\u00eb pajisjeve USB (shembuj t\u00eb drejtoris\u00eb USB). N\u00eb utilitarin perf \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr simbolet e debugging, t\u00eb gjeneruara nga kompilatorin rustc. <\/ul>\n
- Virtualizimi dhe siguria<\/b>\n
- \n
- \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr verifikimin kriptografik t\u00eb programeve BPF t\u00eb ngarkuara p\u00ebrmes n\u00ebnshkrimit digjital. N\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, kjo mund\u00ebsi do t\u00eb zgjerhet me mjete p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar rregullat e ngarkimit t\u00eb programeve BPF t\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruara dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e papranish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur programet BPF t\u00eb verifikuara.\n
- N\u00eb hipervizorin KVM \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr virtualizimin e zgjerimit Intel CET (Control-flow Enforcement Technology), e cila p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr mbrojtje nga eksploitat q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin teknikat e programimit t\u00eb orientuar drejt kthimit (ROP - Return-Oriented Programming). Thelbi i mbrojtjes \u00ebsht\u00eb se pas kalimit t\u00eb kontrollit n\u00eb nj\u00eb funksion, adresa e kthimit ruhet nga procesori jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb stack-un e zakonsh\u00ebm, por edhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb stack t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb hijsh\u00ebm, i cili nuk mund t\u00eb modifikohet drejtp\u00ebrdrejt.\n
- Shtuar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 255 CPU n\u00eb sistemet mikprit\u00ebse q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb n\u00ebn hipervizorin Bhyve n\u00eb hostet me FreeBSD 15.\n
- Shtuar nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb dibs (Direct Internal Buffer Sharing) p\u00ebr ndarjen e kontrolluar t\u00eb bufereve brenda nj\u00eb ambienti t\u00eb izoluar, si hipervizori ose instanca e kernelit Linux.\n
- N\u00eb n\u00ebnstruktur\u00ebn e auditi, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr funksionimin me disa module LSM (Linux Security Module) q\u00eb jan\u00eb aktiv\u00eb nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht.\n
- Shtuar virtio-drejtuese spi-virtio p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb pajisjen SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) nga makinat virtuale<\/a>.\n
- N\u00eb hipervizorin KVM \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modin SEV-SNP CipherText Hiding, i cili pengon leximin e tekstit t\u00eb koduar t\u00eb memories s\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb mbrojtura si mysafir\u00eb n\u00eb CPU t\u00eb paautorizuar.\n
- Shtuar drejtuese qtee p\u00ebr ambientet TEE (Trusted Execution Environment) t\u00eb \u00e7ip\u00ebve Qualcomm. <\/ul>\n
- Sistemi rrjetor<\/b>\n
- \n
- Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr enkriptimin e lidhjeve TCP duke p\u00ebrdorur protokollin PSP (PSP Security Protocol), i projektuar nga Google p\u00ebr t\u00eb enkriptuar trafikun midis qendrave t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. PSP ofron enkriptim, kontrollin kriptografik t\u00eb integritetit dhe autentifikimin e burimit, duke realizuar nj\u00eb kombinim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb protokolleve TLS dhe IPsec. N\u00eb PSP aplikohet enkriptimi n\u00eb nivelin e lidhjeve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta rrjet\u00ebrore, dhe jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kanalit t\u00eb komunikimit. PSP p\u00ebrdor \u00e7el\u00ebsa t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr enkriptimin e lidhjeve TCP t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr izolimin e rrept\u00eb t\u00eb trafikut nga aplikacione dhe trajtim t\u00eb ndryshme. P\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar ngarkes\u00ebn n\u00eb CPU, mb\u00ebshtetet kalimi i operacioneve t\u00eb enkriptimit dhe dekriptimit n\u00eb an\u00ebn e kartave rrjet\u00ebrore (offload). Si transport i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebrdoret protokolli UDP, mbi t\u00eb cilin kalon p\u00ebrmbajtja e paket\u00ebs origjinale TCP. <\/p>\n
![\"L\u00ebshimi](\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/180701a9b56890a55860d65207471472.png\")
<\/center> <\/p>\n- Shto u shtua mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr zgjerimin AccECN (Accurate Explicit Congestion Notification), i cili paraqet nj\u00eb version t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar t\u00eb zgjerimit ECN, duke i mund\u00ebsuar hosteve, n\u00eb rast t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs, t\u00eb etiketojn\u00eb paketat IP n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t'i hedhin ato, duke lejuar k\u00ebshtu identifikimin e faz\u00ebs fillestare t\u00eb bllokimit n\u00eb kanalet e komunikimit pa humbur paketa. Zgjerimi origjinal ECN ka nj\u00eb kufizim q\u00eb lejon d\u00ebrgimin vet\u00ebm t\u00eb nj\u00eb sinjali ngarkese gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb cikli t\u00eb vet\u00ebm t\u00eb transferimit TCP (RTT, Round-Trip Time, d\u00ebrgimi i k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs dhe marrja e p\u00ebrgjigjes). AccECN e heq k\u00ebt\u00eb kufizim dhe i lejon marr\u00ebsit t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb d\u00ebrguesit m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb etiket\u00eb ngarkese n\u00eb krye t\u00eb paket\u00ebs TCP. Algoritmet e menaxhimit t\u00eb ngarkes\u00ebs mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin informacionin e marr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb reaguar m\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht ndaj ngarkesave dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur uljen e papritur t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb d\u00ebrgimit t\u00eb paketimeve n\u00eb rastet e ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb vog\u00ebl.\n
- N\u00eb stakun UDP \u00ebsht\u00eb optimizuar p\u00ebrpunimi i paketimeve t\u00eb ardhshme n\u00eb kushte DDoS, t\u00eb cilat \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh paketa q\u00eb arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ose disa soket UDP. Optimizimet e b\u00ebra, si zvog\u00eblimi i bllokimeve konkurruese, optimizimi i vendosjes s\u00eb strukturave t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash n\u00eb memorie dhe angazhimi i bllokimeve q\u00eb p\u00ebrllogarisin arkitektur\u00ebn NUMA (Non-Uniform Memory Access), lejuan rritjen e performanc\u00ebs n\u00eb pranimin e paketimeve UDP deri n\u00eb 47% dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb kushte ekstreme.\n
- \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar mbajtjen n\u00eb cache t\u00eb hyrjes\/duke dal\u00eb n\u00eb serverin NFS, duke e lejuar at\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb sisteme me nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl memorjeje (p.sh., n\u00eb mjediset e reshura n\u00eb cloud). \u00c7aktivizimi i caches gjithashtu mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm n\u00eb serverat NFS t\u00eb ngarkuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb evituar d\u00ebbimin nga cache i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb lidhura me disqet lokale, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb lirimit t\u00eb memorjes p\u00ebr cache e NFS.\n
- Maksimumi i madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb bufereve p\u00ebr paketat e ardhshme dhe q\u00eb po d\u00ebrgohen p\u00ebr soket\u00ebt e rrjetit (net.core.rmem_max dhe net.core.wmem_max) \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nga 2 MB n\u00eb 4 MB. Madh\u00ebsia e caktuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paracaktuar nuk ka ndryshuar (net.core.rmem_default dhe net.core.wmem_default = 2 MB).\n
- Shtohet nj\u00eb drejtues p\u00ebr akseleratorin e operacioneve rrjet\u00ebrore Qualcomm PPE (Packet Processing Engine), i p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb SoC Qualcomm IPQ9574. <\/ul>\n
- Pajisje<\/b>\n
- \n
- Nuk i \u00ebsht\u00eb integruar drejtori Tyr, i shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust dhe i cili siguron funksionalitet me GPU ARM Mali, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin teknologjin\u00eb CSF (Sasi e Shk\u00ebmbimit t\u00eb Komandave), si Mali G310, G510 dhe G710. Drejtori ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gati p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm nga p\u00ebrdoruesit e zakonsh\u00ebm dhe konsiderohet si nj\u00eb prototip eksperimental p\u00ebr testimin e abstraksioneve p\u00ebr zhvillimin e drejtor\u00ebve n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust.\n
- N\u00eb drejtuesit p\u00ebr pajisjet e hyrjes me nd\u00ebrfaqen HID (Pajisje me Nd\u00ebrfaqe Njer\u00ebzore) \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr touchpad-et me komunikim taktil dhe sensor\u00eb t\u00eb forc\u00ebs s\u00eb shtypjes.\n
- Punimet p\u00ebr drejtuesin drm (Menaxheri i Shkarkimeve t\u00eb Drejt\u00eb) Xe p\u00ebr GPU-t\u00eb e bazuara n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn Intel Xe, e cila p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb kartat grafike Intel t\u00eb familjes Arc dhe grafikat e integruara, duke filluar nga procesor\u00ebt Tiger Lake, jan\u00eb vazhduar. N\u00eb versionin e ri \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nd\u00ebrfaqja madvise, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr SR-IOV PF (Funksioni Fizik i Virtualizimit t\u00eb Rr\u00ebnj\u00ebs s\u00eb Vetme I\/O), \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr modin Intel PSMI p\u00ebr validimin e pajisjeve, \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar p\u00ebrpunimi i informacionit t\u00eb d\u00ebrguar nga firmuerat p\u00ebr gabimet, \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar profili i konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb SLPC, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ngarkimin e firmuerave ndihm\u00ebs (p.sh., p\u00ebr kontrollin e ftoh\u00ebsit dhe rregulluesin e tensionit) gjat\u00eb verifikimit t\u00eb drejtuesit.\n
- Drejtori AMDGPU ka shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr pajisjet me APU Cyan Skillfish, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr AMD GCN 1.0, \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebria me mjetet criu, dhe jan\u00eb shtuar metrika t\u00eb temperatur\u00ebs n\u00eb sysfs, duke lejuar k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr rimapimin e MMIO nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit.\n
- N\u00eb drejtuesin i915 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat e familjes Wildcat Lake dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar funksionimi me GPU Jasper Lake, Elkhart Lake, Gen7 dhe Gen6.\n
- Drejtori Nouveau tani p\u00ebrdor n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb parazgjedh\u00ebse firmuerat GSP t\u00eb NVIDIA dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrpunimi i gabimeve.\n
- Integrimi i komponent\u00ebve t\u00eb drejtuesit Nova p\u00ebr GPU-t\u00eb NVIDIA, t\u00eb pajisura me firmuer GSP, p\u00ebrdorur q\u00eb nga seria NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2000 bazuar n\u00eb mikroarkitektur\u00ebn Turing, \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduar. Drejtuesi \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn Rust. N\u00eb versionin e ri \u00ebsht\u00eb zgjeruar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr firmuer\u00ebt GSP, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar implementimi i makros «register!», dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr klasat e pajisjeve PCI dhe identifikuesit e prodhuesve.\n
- Drejtori rocket \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar p\u00ebr acelerator\u00ebt NPU q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb SoC Rockchip RK3588.\n
- \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar parametri i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs «boot_display» p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur pajisjen e daljes p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur procesin e ngarkimit n\u00eb sisteme me shum\u00eb GPU.\n
- N\u00eb drejtuesin vesadrm \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr paletat 8-bit.\n
- N\u00eb drejtuesin msm \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr GPU Adreno 663 dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb e reduktimit t\u00eb konsumit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb IFPC (Inter Frame Power Collapse).\n
- N\u00eb drejtuesin panthor \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr GPU Mali-G710, Mali-G510, Mali-G310, Mali-Gx15, Mali-Gx20 dhe Mali-Gx25.\n
- Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr sistemet audio ASoC Qualcomm Glymur dhe PM4125, Realtek RT1321, Shanghai FourSemi FS2104\/5S, Texas Instruments PCM1754 dhe TAS2783A, qcs615, CS35L56 B2, tas2118, tas2x20, tas5825. Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr karta audio USB Tascam US-144mkII dhe Presonus S1824c.\n
- Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr ARM CPU Cortex-A320\/A520AE\/A720AE dhe C1-Nano\/Pro\/Premium\/Ultra.\n
- Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr platformat ARM, SoC dhe pajisjet: Apple M2 Pro, M2 Max dhe M2 Ultr, Sony Xperia SP, Samsung Galaxy S22, Samsung Galaxy S20 FE, ASUS Eee Pad Slider SL101, Lenovo ThinkBook 16, HP Omnibook X14 X1P42100, Dell Inspiron 7441 \/ Latitude 7455, Sige1, NanoPi Zero2, Axis Artpec8, NXP i.MX91, ROCK 2A\/2F, Qualcomm Lemans Auto, Renesas RZ\/T2H, RZ\/N2H, RZ\/T2H dhe RZ\/N2H, Aspeed AST27xx, Meta Clemente BMC, Netcube Nagami som, Tqma91xx, Ultratronik i.MX8MP Ultra-MACH, i.MX8ULP EVK9, Buffalo WXR-1750DHP. <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n
Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, Fondi Latinoamerikan i Softuerit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb formoi nj\u00eb variant t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb lir\u00eb 6.18 — Linux-libre 6.18-gnu, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb e pastruar nga elemente firmuese dhe drejtuesish q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb komponente ose segmente kodi, aplikimi i t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb i kufizuar nga prodhuesi. N\u00eb versionin 6.18, \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar kodi i pastrimit t\u00eb blob-eve n\u00eb drejtuesit Nova-Core, Intel XE, TI PRUeth, Lantiq GSWIP, Marvell WiFi-Ex. \u00cbsht\u00eb kryer pastrimi i emrave t\u00eb blob-eve n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt dts (devicetree) p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat ARM t\u00eb Qualcomm, Mediatek dhe TI ARM64. \u00cbsht\u00eb neutralizuar ngarkimi i blob-eve n\u00eb drejtuesit e rinj FourSemi fs2104\/5s, TI TAS2783 dhe Qualcomm GENI.
\n
Burimi: opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 6.18. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: dm-pcache \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 (PMEM), \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 Bcachefs, online-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 XFS, \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b Binder (Android IPC) \u0438 Tyr (GPU Mali) \u043d\u0430 Rust, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f USB-\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 Rust, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 SLUB, \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":150191,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-150190","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\ud83e\udd47L\u00ebshimi i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux 6.18 | ProHoster","description":"Pasi kaluan dy muaj zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds prezantoi l\u00ebshimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux 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