{"id":181666,"date":"2026-05-22T18:25:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T16:25:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/iz-af_alg-v-linux-ubirayut-zero-copy-iz-soobrazhenij-bezopasnosti"},"modified":"2026-05-22T18:25:08","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T16:25:08","slug":"iz-af_alg-v-linux-ubirayut-zero-copy-iz-soobrazhenij-bezopasnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/iz-af_alg-v-linux-ubirayut-zero-copy-iz-soobrazhenij-bezopasnosti","title":{"rendered":"Zero-copy \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr nga AF_ALG n\u00eb Linux p\u00ebr arsye sigurie.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>N\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin e kriptografis\u00eb Linux po p\u00ebrgatitet heqja e mb\u00ebshtetjes <strong>zero-copy<\/strong> nga nd\u00ebrfaqja <strong>AF_ALG<\/strong> p\u00ebr llojet e algoritmeve <strong>SKCIPHER<\/strong> dhe <strong>AEAD<\/strong>. Ndryshimi tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pem\u00ebn cryptodev dhe pritet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb dritaren e bashkimit <strong>Linux 7.2<\/strong>, e cila duhet t\u00eb hapet n\u00eb qershor. Shkaku jan\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimet n\u00eb rritje mbi sigurin\u00eb e mekanizmave zero-copy n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht pas dob\u00ebsive t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb kodin kriptografik t\u00eb Linux.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><noindex><\/p>\n<p><strong>AF_ALG<\/strong> \u2014 kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kernel.org\/doc\/html\/v6.1\/crypto\/userspace-if.html\">nd\u00ebrfaqja p\u00ebrdoruesi<\/a> n\u00eb API-n\u00eb kriptografike t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux. P\u00ebrmes saj, programet mund t\u00eb aksesojn\u00eb implementimet e shifrave, hash-eve dhe algoritmeve AEAD n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb si sokete. Dokumentacioni i Linux p\u00ebrshkruan ve\u00e7mas p\u00ebr AF_ALG modalitetin zero-copy p\u00ebrmes splice() dhe vmsplice(), ku b\u00ebrthama p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb shmang\u00eb kopjimin e tep\u00ebrt t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb memorjen e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p><noindex><\/p>\n<p>Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se, n\u00eb rastin e AF_ALG, p\u00ebrfitimi i till\u00eb n\u00eb performanc\u00eb nuk doli t\u00eb ishte aq i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, kurse rreziqet jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Autori i ndryshimit, zhvilluesi i n\u00ebn-sistemit kriptografik t\u00eb Linux, Erik Biggers nga Google, <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/lwn.net\/Articles\/1071203\/\">caktova<\/a>, q\u00eb zero-copy i lejon hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit t\u00eb ekzekutoj\u00eb operacione kriptografike drejtp\u00ebrdrejt mbi faqet e cache t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve, p\u00ebr shembull binarin su, dhe gjithashtu krijon kushte p\u00ebr dob\u00ebsit\u00eb TOCTOU, kur memorie mund t\u00eb ndryshohet n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb me operacionin mbi t\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, mekanizmi, i dobish\u00ebm p\u00ebr hyrjen dhe daljen n\u00eb rrjet ose skedar, n\u00eb AF_ALG duket si nj\u00eb optimizim shum\u00eb t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm. Vet\u00eb AF_ALG, sipas zhvilluesit, tani ruhet kryesisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrputhshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb prapambetur me nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb vog\u00ebl programesh, p\u00ebr shembull iwd, t\u00eb cilat ende nuk jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkthyer n\u00eb kriptografi n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit. Fillimisht AF_ALG ishte menduar edhe p\u00ebr qasje n\u00eb akcelerator\u00ebt kriptografik\u00eb t\u00eb harduerit, por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb u tregua se nuk ishte nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe shum\u00eb efektive p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb detyr\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb theksohet se nuk po flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb eleminim t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb splice() ose sendfile() p\u00ebr AF_ALG. Ndryshimi p\u00ebrshkruhet si nj\u00eb \"prishje e but\u00eb\" e kompatibilitetit: transmetimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb k\u00ebrkesat AF_ALG p\u00ebrmes splice() dhe sendfile() do t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb, por b\u00ebrthama tani do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb kopje stabile t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave para operacionit kriptografik. Performanca n\u00eb disa raste mund t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohet, por API i p\u00ebrdoruesit formalisht nuk prish\u00ebt.<\/p>\n<p>Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht theksohet se p\u00ebr momentin zero-copy po hiqet nga <strong>skcipher<\/strong> dhe <strong>aead<\/strong>. Mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr llojin <strong>hash<\/strong> do t\u00eb shqyrtohet ve\u00e7mas.<\/p>\n<p><noindex><\/p>\n<p>Konteksti p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb ndryshim \u00ebsht\u00eb i pak\u00ebndsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb prillit u zbulua nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet <strong><a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/xint.io\/blog\/copy-fail-linux-distributions\">Copy Fail<\/a><\/strong> (<strong>CVE-2026-31431<\/strong>) n\u00eb algif_aead, pra n\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqen kriptografike t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit AF_ALG. Studiuesit treguan se lidhja AF_ALG, splice() dhe ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e p\u00ebrpunimit AEAD lejonin nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues pa privilegje t\u00eb d\u00ebmtonte page cache, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb faqet q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkisnin binar\u00ebve setuid, dhe t\u00eb merrte p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim privilegjesh deri n\u00eb root.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><br \/>\n<noindex><\/p>\n<p>Shfaqja <a rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sysdig.com\/blog\/cve-2026-31431-copy-fail-linux-kernel-flaw-lets-local-users-gain-root-in-seconds\">Copy Fail<\/a> ishe lidhur me optimizimin e vitit 2017, i cili e transferoi operacionin AEAD p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunim \"n\u00eb vend\"; kur d\u00ebrgohet nj\u00eb file p\u00ebrmes splice() n\u00eb AF_ALG, b\u00ebrthama punonte jo me nj\u00eb kopje, por me referenca n\u00eb faqet e caches. Si rezultat, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, t\u00eb cilat konsideroheshin si input vet\u00ebm, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonin n\u00eb scatterlist t\u00eb shkruara.<\/p>\n<p><\/noindex><\/p>\n<p>Heqja e zero-copy nga AF_ALG nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rregullim i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb vulnerabilitet. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb eliminuar nj\u00eb klas\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb skenar\u00ebsh t\u00eb rreziksh\u00ebm nga UAPI i pak\u00ebtuar, ku p\u00ebrfitimi nga optimizimi nuk justifikon kompleksitetin dhe pasojat potenciale. P\u00ebr p\u00ebrdoruesit e zakonsh\u00ebm, ndryshimi do t\u00eb mbetet ndoshta i paduksh\u00ebm; p\u00ebr programet e rralla q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin aktivisht AF_ALG p\u00ebrmes splice() ose sendfile(), mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb humbje t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kopjimit shtes\u00eb.<\/p>\n<p>Burimi: <a \ncontent=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.linux.org.ru\/news\/kernel\/18296321\">linux.org.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 Linux \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 zero-copy \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 AF_ALG \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0432 SKCIPHER \u0438 AEAD. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435 cryptodev \u0438 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f Linux 7.2, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 zero-copy-\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 Linux. AF_ALG [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-181666","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-novosti-interneta"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 4.9.10 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0438 Linux \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 zero-copy \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 AF_ALG \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u043e\u0432 SKCIPHER \u0438 AEAD. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435 cryptodev \u0438 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0438\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f Linux 7.2, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 zero-copy-\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 Linux. 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Ndryshimi tashm\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb pem\u00ebn cryptodev dhe pritet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb dritaren e bashkimit Linux 7.2, e cila pritet t\u00eb hapet n\u00eb qershor. Arsyetimi jan\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimet n\u00eb rritje rreth siguris\u00eb s\u00eb mekanizmave zero-copy n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht pas dob\u00ebsive t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb kodin kriptografik t\u00eb Linux. 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