{"id":183032,"date":"2026-08-17T16:53:34","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T14:53:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/news\/reliz-yadra-linux-7-2"},"modified":"2026-08-17T16:53:38","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T14:53:38","slug":"linux-kernel-7-2-release","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/linux-kernel-7-2-release","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i b\u00ebrthamak\u00ebs Linux 7.2","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas dy muajsh zhvillimi, Linus Torvalds prezantoi l\u00ebshimin e kernelit Linux 7.2. Nd\u00ebr ndryshimet m\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme jan\u00eb: mekanizmi i transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave USB4STREAM, optimizimi i performanc\u00ebs p\u00ebr btrfs, xfs dhe ext4, vazhdimi i heqjes s\u00eb kodit p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje CPU e i486, mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar planifikues t\u00eb futura SCHED_EXT, ulja e konsumit t\u00eb memories n\u00eb n\u00ebndeg\u00ebn e swap-it, p\u00ebrshpejtimi i kanaleve pa em\u00ebr, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr zgjerimet Intel MBEC dhe AMD GMET n\u00eb KVM, heqja e protokollit AppleTalk, dhe mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr HDMI 2.1 FRL n\u00eb drajverin AMDGPU.      <\/p>\n<p>Risi kryesore n\u00eb kernelin 7.2 (1, 2, 3):  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> <b>Sistemi i disqeve, hyrja\/ dalje dhe sistemet e skedar\u00ebve<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin iomap \u00ebsht\u00eb eliminuar thirrja e panevojshme e funksionit memset p\u00ebr iteracionet e p\u00ebrfunduara n\u00eb funksionin iomap_iter(), q\u00eb me intensitet t\u00eb lart\u00eb input\/output n\u00eb pajisjet NVMe t\u00eb shpejta ka rritur n\u00eb testet e kryera numrin e operacioneve input\/output p\u00ebr sekond\u00eb (IOPS) me 5% me p\u00ebrdorimin e sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve ext4 dhe xfs.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb XFS \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur mb\u00ebshtetje stabile p\u00ebr pajisjet e ruajtjes s\u00eb zonave (ndarje n\u00eb zona grumbujsh bllokesh ose sektor\u00ebsh, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat lejohet vet\u00ebm shtimi sekuencial i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimin e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb grupit t\u00eb bllokut t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Btrfs, mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr faqe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb memories (large folios) aktivizohet si parazgjedhje, duke lejuar uljen e kostove dhe rritjen e performanc\u00ebs gjat\u00eb I\/O-s\u00eb intensive t\u00eb sekuenc\u00ebs. Shtohet mb\u00ebshtetje eksperimentale p\u00ebr faqe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha (\"huge folios\"), deri n\u00eb 2 MB. Shtohet nj\u00eb ioctl i ri GET_CSUMS p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb informacion mbi kontrollet e shumave n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr utilitarin mkfs dhe optimizimin e deduplication. Rritet performanca e shkarkimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave sekuenciale me 15% dhe e I\/O-s\u00eb directe me 59%.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin datotekor Ext4, implementimi i mekanizmit \"fast commit\" \u00ebsht\u00eb rip\u00ebrpunuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuar shfaqjen e bllokimeve konkurruese dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrsjellta. Shtohet eksporti i statistikave p\u00ebr snapshotet inode p\u00ebrmes \/proc\/fs\/ext4\/*\/fc_info. Optimizohet performanca e llogaritjes s\u00eb hash-it p\u00ebr direktor\u00ebt (p\u00ebr emrat e gjat\u00eb 255 karaktere, shpejt\u00ebsia e rritet gati dyfish, p\u00ebr 64 karaktere 27%, p\u00ebr 32 karaktere \u2014 11%).\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb F2FS \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr kthimin e gabimeve fserror, q\u00eb lejon gjurmimin e problemeve me FS nga hap\u00ebsira e p\u00ebrdoruesit. \u00cbsht\u00eb reduktuar koha e kaluar n\u00eb kontekstin e trajtimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjeve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb Device Mapper (DM) \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb trajtues i ri dm-inlinecrypt p\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar enkriptimin dhe dekriptimin e transparenc\u00ebs t\u00eb pajisjeve bllok, duke p\u00ebrdorur pajisje harduerike me funksionin e enkriptimit inline.\n<li class=\"l\">Dokumentacioni p\u00ebr shtimin e sistemeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb NFS, madh\u00ebsia e bllokut sipas parazgjedhjes \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb 4 MB n\u00eb sistemet q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 16 GB RAM (p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar manualisht madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e bllokut, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni \/proc\/fs\/nfsd\/max_block_size). \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr delegimin e menaxhimit t\u00eb drejtoris\u00eb klientit (directory delegation), e cila lejon q\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb kryhen operacione me k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtorin\u00eb pa verifikuar ndryshimin e gjendjes n\u00eb. <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/server\/dts-newyork\/\"   title=\"server\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">server<\/a>.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb serverin SMB \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr skedar\u00ebt e ruajtur n\u00eb form\u00eb t\u00eb kompresuar, si dhe kompresimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave gjat\u00eb transmetimit n\u00eb rrjet.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb realizimin e ri t\u00eb NTFS (ntfsplus) \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr lidhje simbolike t\u00eb Windows dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar p\u00ebrpunimi i sakt\u00eb i shum\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb d\u00ebmtimeve t\u00eb metadata.\n<li class=\"l\"> Backend-i fscache p\u00ebr caching t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb FS EROFS (Enhanced Read-Only File System) \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr, i cili ishte shpallur i vjet\u00ebruar dy vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb FS Ceph \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr rinisjen manuale t\u00eb sesioneve t\u00eb klient\u00ebve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve 9P jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb optimizime q\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn n\u00eb skenar\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb si nd\u00ebrtimi i projekteve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb thirrjen e sistemit file_getattr() jan\u00eb shtuar flamuj p\u00ebr marrjen e informacionit mbi mar\u00ebveshjen e regjistrit t\u00eb karaktereve n\u00eb sistemin e skedar\u00ebve. Flamuri FS_XFLAG_CASEFOLD tregon se kontrollimi i emrave t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve b\u00ebhet pa marr\u00eb parasysh regjistrin e karaktereve, nd\u00ebrsa flamuri FS_XFLAG_CASENONPRESERVING tregon se kur krijohen emra t\u00eb rinj skedar\u00ebsh informacioni mbi regjistrin nuk ruhet. Flamujt e p\u00ebrmendur mund t\u00eb aplikohen n\u00eb klient\u00ebt NFS q\u00eb punojn\u00eb pa marr\u00eb parasysh regjistrin e karaktereve.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb thirrjen e sistemit openat2() \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar flamuri O_EMPTYPATH, i cili lejon shp\u00ebrndarjen e nj\u00eb rruge skedari bosh. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, rruga p\u00ebr skedarin q\u00eb hapet p\u00ebrcaktohet mbi baz\u00ebn e descriptor-it t\u00eb dor\u00ebzuar t\u00eb skedarit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb thirrjen e sistemit openat2() \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar flamuri OPENAT2_REGULAR, i cili lejon hapjen vet\u00ebm t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm (n\u00eb rastin e p\u00ebrpjekjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb hapur nj\u00eb skedar special, si nj\u00eb socket, kanal ose pajisje, do t\u00eb kthehet nj\u00eb gabim EFTYPE).              <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>Memorie dhe sh\u00ebrbime sistemike<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Mekanizmi USB4STREAM \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave midis kompjuter\u00ebve t\u00eb lidhur me kabllo p\u00ebrmes porteve USB4. Shtohet nj\u00eb pajisje \/dev\/tbstreamX, me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mund t\u00eb lexoni dhe shkruani t\u00eb dh\u00ebna duke p\u00ebrdorur funksionet standarde read() dhe write() n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me leximin dhe shkrimin n\u00eb skedar\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb nj\u00eb host mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoni informacion me komand\u00ebn \"echo hello &gt; \/dev\/tbstream0\", nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb tjetrin t\u00eb lexoni me komand\u00ebn \"cat \/dev\/tbstream0\". Mekanizmi USB4STREAM mund t\u00eb integrohet me mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e krijimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhjeje rrjeti p\u00ebrmes kabllo USB4 (thunderbolt_net) ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret ve\u00e7mas kur \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme p\u00ebr transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave midis aplikacioneve q\u00eb nuk mb\u00ebshtesin soket\u00ebt rrjet\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtylla e dyt\u00eb e ndryshimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb aktivizuar p\u00ebr ndalimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt i486. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 13 rreshta kodi, t\u00eb lidhur me emulimin e nj\u00eb blloku p\u00ebr llogaritje me pik\u00eb l\u00ebviz\u00ebse p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt pa FPU, jan\u00eb hequr. Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt i486 pa operacione harduerike CX8 (krahaso dhe nd\u00ebrroni 8 byte) dhe TSC (num\u00ebruesi i cikleve t\u00eb CPU, i p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb planifikuesin e detyrave), kodi p\u00ebr emulimin e t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb fshir\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb eliminuar.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mb\u00ebshtetje e mbetur pa p\u00ebrkrahje (orphaned) p\u00ebr procesor\u00ebt AMD Geode, t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb kompjuterin OLPC XO-1, \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur.\n<li class=\"l\"> Mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e implementimit t\u00eb mekanizmit Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions), i aplikuar p\u00ebr enkriptimin e memories operative t\u00eb sistemeve mysafire, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar. TDX \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb moduli t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb software runtime, i cili gjat\u00eb ngarkimit fillestar transferohet nga BIOS nga memorja Flash n\u00eb memorje operative. N\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb jan\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar k\u00ebt\u00eb modul dhe p\u00ebr ta z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar me nj\u00eb version m\u00eb t\u00eb ri n\u00eb sistemin e pun\u00ebs pa pasur nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr rindezje.\n<li class=\"l\"> E \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar nj\u00eb planifikues i ri i burimeve GPU (Fair GPU scheduler), q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar rendin e ekzekutimit n\u00eb GPU t\u00eb pun\u00ebve, t\u00eb d\u00ebrguara nga proceset q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin GPU. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb radh\u00ebs tradicionale FIDO p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkesat ndaj GPU, n\u00eb planifikuesin e ri jan\u00eb angazhuar mekanizma t\u00eb drejt\u00eb t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb burimeve, t\u00eb implementuar me referenc\u00eb n\u00eb planifikuesin e detyrave CFS (Completely Fair Scheduler), i cili p\u00ebrdor nj\u00eb plan ekzekutimi me koh\u00ebn e kalimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer procesin e ardhsh\u00ebm. Efekti m\u00eb i spikatur nga p\u00ebrdorimi i planifikuesit t\u00eb ri v\u00ebrehet gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit paralel t\u00eb detyrave interaktive q\u00eb punojn\u00eb aktivisht me GPU. N\u00eb momentin e fundit para l\u00ebshimit t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs 7.2, p\u00ebrfshirja e Fair GPU scheduler u anullua dhe u rikthye radhit\u00ebsi i vjet\u00ebr FIFO p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nevoj\u00ebs p\u00ebr debugging t\u00eb regresionit, q\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb ulje t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs dhe nj\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb 100% t\u00eb GPU-s gjat\u00eb nisjes s\u00eb loj\u00ebrave t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta n\u00eb Proton.\n<li class=\"l\"> Ndryshimet n\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin e eBPF: \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e lidhjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb programi BPF n\u00eb disa pika gjurmimi (tracepoint). N\u00eb programet BPF, t\u00eb lidhura me pikat e gjurmimit, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e aksesit n\u00eb memorien e komponent\u00ebve q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit, me trajtim t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr faqe t\u00eb pamjaftueshme t\u00eb memorjes (page fault). N\u00eb thirrjen e sistemit bpf() \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr atributet standarde (log_buf, log_size, log_level dhe log_true_size), q\u00eb lejon unifikimin e transferimit t\u00eb metadatalologjive n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha komandat BPF, pa u kufizuar n\u00eb komandat BPF_PROG_LOAD, BPF_BTF_LOAD dhe BPF_MAP_CREATE. \u00cbsht\u00eb hequr kufizimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 5 parametra n\u00eb funksionet BPF. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e aksesit t\u00eb sigurt n\u00eb memorien e ndar\u00eb bpf_arena pa pasur frik\u00eb nga k\u00ebrkesat p\u00ebr faqe t\u00eb pamjaftueshme t\u00eb memorjes (page fault). \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar nj\u00eb variant i ri i struktur\u00ebs BPF hash map, i cili lejon ndryshimin dinamik t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb optimizuar formimi i daljes \" \/proc\/interrupts\" me statistik\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrprerjeve, si dhe jan\u00eb modernizuar struktura p\u00ebr ruajtjen e num\u00ebrator\u00ebve t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjeve dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar caching.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar gjenerimi i skedarit \"\/proc\/filesystems\", q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb libselinux.\n<li class=\"l\"> Planifikuesi i detyrave ka implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr balancimin e ngarkes\u00ebs mes b\u00ebrthamave t\u00eb CPU, duke marr\u00eb parasysh gjendjet e kesheve t\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb procesorit. Planifikuesi tani p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb grupoj\u00eb proceset q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin burime t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb fije t\u00eb nj\u00eb procesi, p\u00ebr t'i p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb kontekstin e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit ke\u0161 t\u00eb nivelit m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb rrit efikasitetin e qasjes n\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebrmes rritjes s\u00eb probabilitetit t\u00eb gjetjes s\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb nevojshme n\u00eb ke\u0161.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin SCHED_EXT, i cili lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e BPF p\u00ebr krijimin e planifikuesve t\u00eb CPU, vazhdoi realizimi i mund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar planifikues t\u00eb thelluar (sub-scheduler), p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb cilit \u00e7do cgroup mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb planifikuesin e tij t\u00eb detyrave.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vazhdon transferimi i ndryshimeve nga dega Rust-for-Linux, e lidhur me p\u00ebrdorimin e gjuh\u00ebs Rust si nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvillimin e shofer\u00ebve dhe moduleve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs (mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr Rust nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e aktivizuar si parazgjedhje dhe nuk rezulton n\u00eb aktivizimin e Rust si nj\u00eb nga var\u00ebsit\u00eb e detyrueshme p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs). Mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb Rust n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn s390. N\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrje \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb paketi \u00abzerocopy\u00bb me primitive t\u00eb shpejta p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me memorie p\u00ebr kodin n\u00eb modalitetin \u00abunsafe\u00bb.\n<li class=\"l\"> Versioni minimal i instrumenteve LLVM, e nevojshme p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb 17.0.1.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb bibliotek\u00ebn minimaliste C nolibc, e cila ofrohet me kodin burimor t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux dhe ofron nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje mbi thirrjet themelore sistemore, \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr arkitektur\u00ebn OpenRISC dhe PA-RISC 32-bit.\n<li class=\"l\"> Optimalizime jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin e swap-it, q\u00eb rrisin performanc\u00ebn dhe ulin konsumin e memories n\u00eb vet\u00eb n\u00ebn-sistemin p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrjashtimit t\u00eb shpenzimeve t\u00eb mbajtjes s\u00eb metadaten statike dhe unifikimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs me memorien anonime dhe t\u00eb ndar\u00eb kur p\u00ebrdoren foli. Uljimi i konsumit t\u00eb memories \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i theksuar, p\u00ebr shembull, kur montoni nj\u00eb ndarje swap me madh\u00ebsi 1 TB, konsumi i memories v\u00ebrehet se bie me rreth 512 MB.\n<li class=\"l\"> Efikasiteti i mekanizmit t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtimit t\u00eb memories, q\u00eb fshin ose transferon n\u00eb ndarjen e swap-it zonat e memories p\u00ebr t\u00eb liruar memorien n\u00eb rast se ka munges\u00eb n\u00eb sistem, \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur. N\u00eb disa lloje ngarkese, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb testimi i MongoDB me ndihm\u00ebn e YCSB (Yahoo! Cloud Serving Benchmark), \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur nj\u00eb rritje e performanc\u00ebs deri n\u00eb 30%.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sistemin e nd\u00ebrtimit \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar komand\u00eb \u00abmake sbom\u00bb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjeneruar lista SBOM (Software Bill Of Materials), t\u00eb cilat pasqyrojn\u00eb komponent\u00ebt, bibliotekat dhe var\u00ebsit\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorura n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin aktual t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, si dhe informacionin p\u00ebr licencat e tyre, t\u00eb marra nga titujt SPDX n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt me kod.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb implementimin e kanaleve t\u00eb paem\u00ebruara (pipe) \u00ebsht\u00eb optimizuar puna me bllokimet (operacionet e alokimit t\u00eb memories jan\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb jasht\u00eb fush\u00ebs s\u00eb bllokimit), \u00e7ka ka rritur kapacitetin e kalimit t\u00eb kanaleve t\u00eb paem\u00ebruara me 21-48% dhe ka ulur vonesat me 17-33%.                    <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>Virtualizimi dhe siguria<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb memories slab (slab allocator) \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb tokeneve t\u00eb alokimit t\u00eb memories (Allocation Token), t\u00eb implementuara n\u00eb kompilatorin Clang 22. Tokenet lejojn\u00eb etiketime me identifikues unik t\u00eb operacioneve t\u00eb alokimit t\u00eb memories dhe organizimin e vendosjes s\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb objekteve p\u00ebr t\u00eb komplikuar shfryt\u00ebzimin e ndjeshm\u00ebrive, t\u00eb shkaktuar nga mbushja e tep\u00ebrt (n\u00eb ndarje, mbushja e tep\u00ebrt n\u00eb nj\u00eb tip objekti nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq e leht\u00eb t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebmtuar lloje t\u00eb tjera objektesh).\n<li class=\"l\"> Mekanizmi AF_ALG, q\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohej n\u00eb ndjeshm\u00ebrin\u00eb Copy Fail p\u00ebr modifikimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb caches t\u00eb faqeve, \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur i vjetruar dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb planifikuar p\u00ebr t'u larguar n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga l\u00ebshimet e ardhshme. AF_ALG lejon aktivizimin e p\u00ebrshpejtuesve harduerik\u00eb p\u00ebr llogaritjet kriptografike n\u00eb Crypto API t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs, por p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb situata mjaft specifike. N\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn 7.2, AF_ALG ka hequr mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr hyrjen\/asht\u00ebsin\u00eb asinkrone, drejtuesit e vjet\u00ebr dhe mekanizmin zero-copy n\u00eb implementimin e skcipher dhe aead. Jan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb vet\u00ebm implementimet softuerike t\u00eb algoritmeve kriptografik\u00eb, dhe mb\u00ebshtetja p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshpejtuesit kriptografik\u00eb harduerik\u00eb n\u00eb crypto API t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr, pasi AF_ALG e zgjeron ndjesh\u00ebm sip\u00ebrfaqen e sulmit, por nuk ofron fitim n\u00eb performanc\u00eb, krahasuar me implementimin e kriptografis\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit. AF_ALG \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb mjetin e Cryptsetup, por mb\u00ebshtetja e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr n\u00eb l\u00ebshimin e fundit 2.8.7.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb mekanizmin IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture), q\u00eb lejon nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb verifikoj\u00eb gjendjen e n\u00ebn-sistemeve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs p\u00ebr t'u siguruar p\u00ebr autentikimin e tyre, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr eksportimin e tabelave t\u00eb brendshme me rezultatet e matjeve n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit me heqjen nga buferat e b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs p\u00ebr ruajtje t\u00eb memories.\n<li class=\"l\"> Moduli Landlock, i cili ofron programeve t\u00eb pa privilegjuara mjete p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar p\u00ebrdorimin e objekteve t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux (hierarki skedar\u00ebsh, socket-e rrjet, ioctl etj.), ka shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr menaxhimin e aksesit n\u00eb socket-et UDP, si dhe mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e \u00e7aktivizimit selektiv t\u00eb regjistrimit t\u00eb informacionit p\u00ebr bllokimin e objekteve p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar mbushjen e p\u00ebrgjimit me informacion t\u00eb pa r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm.\n<li class=\"l\"> B\u00ebrthama \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7liruar nga p\u00ebrdorimi i funksionit strncpy(), i cili kopjon nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar bajtesh nga stringu hyr\u00ebs. P\u00ebrdorimi i strncpy() krijonte rrezikun e gabimeve p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb humbjes s\u00eb simbolit null n\u00eb fund t\u00eb stringut ose plot\u00ebsimit me zero. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb strncpy(), rekomandohet p\u00ebrdorimi i funksioneve strscpy() dhe strscpy_pad() p\u00ebr t\u00eb kopjuar stringje q\u00eb p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb me simbol null, si dhe strtomem_pad(), memcpy_and_pad() dhe memcpy() p\u00ebr t\u00eb kopjuar stringje me p\u00ebrmas\u00eb t\u00eb njohur fikse. Puna p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn nga p\u00ebrdorimi i strncpy() filloi n\u00eb vitin 2020 dhe k\u00ebrkoi miratimin e 362 ndryshimeve nga 70 zhvillues.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb hipervizorin <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vps\/abuzoustojchivye-vps\/\"   title=\"KVM\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\">KVM<\/a> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr zgjerimet Intel MBEC (Kontrolli i Ekzekutimit t\u00eb Bazuar n\u00eb Mod\u00eb) dhe AMD GMET (Kapja e Ekzekutimit n\u00eb Mod\u00eb t\u00eb Mikut), q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb p\u00ebr trajtim t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave p\u00ebr ekzekutim t\u00eb kodit p\u00ebr b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn dhe hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdoruesit n\u00eb sistemet mik.                                     <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>Sistemi rrjetor<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> Shimplementimi i zgjerimit TCP-AO (Opsioni i Autentifikimit TCP, RFC 5925) \u00ebsht\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e bibliotek\u00ebs s\u00eb re kriptografike libcrypto, duke lejuar k\u00ebshtu thjeshtimin e kodit dhe rritjen e efikasitetit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. TCP-AO ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb verifikuar header-at TCP n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb kod\u00ebve MAC (Kodi i Autentifikimit t\u00eb Mesazhit), duke p\u00ebrdorur algoritme m\u00eb moderne HMAC-SHA-1-96 dhe AES-128-CMAC-96 n\u00eb vend t\u00eb opsionit t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm TCP-MD5 n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb algoritmit t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr MD5.\n<li class=\"l\"> Numri i t\u00eb n\u00ebnprokureve t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetura p\u00ebr lidhjet Multipath TCP (MPTCP) \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nga 8 n\u00eb 64.\n<li class=\"l\"> Vazhdon puna p\u00ebr t\u00eb reduktuar p\u00ebrdorimin e bllokimit global rtnl_lock n\u00eb stakun rrjetor t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs.\n<li class=\"l\"> Nga b\u00ebrthama \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr implementimi i shtres\u00ebs s\u00eb protokolleve AppleTalk, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebt Apple q\u00eb nga viti 1985 dhe n\u00eb vitet 1990 \u00ebsht\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar me TCP\/IP. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, jan\u00eb hequr komponent\u00ebt e teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave ATM, q\u00eb nuk lidhen me PPPoATM, si dhe intervistat rrjet\u00ebs ARCnet q\u00eb bazohen n\u00eb autobusa ISA dhe PCMCIA, adaptuesit Bluetooth me nd\u00ebrfaqe PCMCIA, akcelerator\u00ebt TLS Chelsea, kodi p\u00ebr integrimin e TLS me sockmap dhe mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr gamat e frekuencave 5\/10 MHz n\u00eb grumbullin e pa\u00e7kave pa tel cfg80211\/mac80211. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb problemeve t\u00eb pazgjidhura me bllokimet dhe munges\u00ebs s\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes, \u00ebsht\u00eb hequr implementimi specifik i p\u00ebrshpejtimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb TLS mbi baz\u00ebn e TCP Offload Engine (implementimi m\u00eb i zakonsh\u00ebm i TLS offload \u00ebsht\u00eb ruajtur). \u00cbsht\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar dhe planifikuar p\u00ebr heqje kodi i pajtueshm\u00ebris\u00eb me x_tables 32-bit n\u00eb sisteme 64-bit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin pppoe \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr mekanizmat GRO (Generic Receive Offload) dhe GSO (Generic Segmentation Offload) p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshpejtimin e riparimeve dhe segmentimit t\u00eb paketave nga hardueri. P\u00ebrdorimi i GRO dhe GSO lejon nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ndjeshme t\u00eb kapacitetit p\u00ebr trafikun e hyr\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb pajisjet MediaTek MT7621 n\u00eb konfigurim me p\u00ebrkthyes adresash, kapaciteti maksimal \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nga 130 Mbit\/s n\u00eb 630 Mbit\/s.          <\/ul>\n<li class=\"l\"><b>Pajisje<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin AMDGPU ka filluar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb HDMI 2.1 FRL (Fixed Rate Link), e cila lejon transmetimin e videove t\u00eb pa kompresuara me cil\u00ebsi 4K\/120Hz dhe 8K\/60Hz. M\u00eb par\u00eb, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr HDMI 2.1 p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb nuk ishte arritur n\u00eb drejtuesit e hapur p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb licenc\u00ebs nga HDMI Forum, por tani kompania AMD ka arritur t\u00eb harmonizoj\u00eb nj\u00eb implementim t\u00eb till\u00eb.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin i915 \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr konfigurimin e ngjyr\u00ebs s\u00eb sfondit nga kontrollori i ekranit. \u00cbsht\u00eb realizuar parametri pin_params.needs_low_address.\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb vazhduar puna mbi drejtuesin drm (Direct Rendering Manager) Xe p\u00ebr GPU-t\u00eb e bazuara n\u00eb arkitektur\u00ebn Intel Xe, e cila p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb kartat grafike Intel t\u00eb familjes Arc dhe n\u00eb grafikat e integruara, duke filluar nga procesor\u00ebt Tiger Lake. \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje fillestare p\u00ebr platform\u00ebn CRI (Crescent Island). P\u00ebr platformat dGPU Xe3p \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar kontrolluesi i sistemit.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin Nouveau jan\u00eb zgjidhur problemet me GPU-n\u00eb NVIDIA GA100.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb drejtuesin v3d \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar konsumin e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb v3D GPU n\u00eb bordet Raspberry Pi.\n<li class=\"l\"> Integrimi i komponent\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit GSP t\u00eb drejtuara p\u00ebr GPU-t\u00eb NVIDIA \u00ebsht\u00eb vazhduar, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren q\u00eb nga seria NVIDIA GeForce RTX 2000, e bazuar n\u00eb mikroarkitektur\u00ebn Turing. P\u00ebrdorimi i drejtuesit t\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb Rust. Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr GPU-n\u00eb NVIDIA GA100 dhe serit\u00eb Hopper dhe Blackwell.\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr platformat ARM, SoC dhe dispositiv\u00ebt: Apple t8122 (M3), Motorola Edge 30, Nothing Phone 3a, Google Pixel 3a XL, Qualcomm Dragonwing IPQ9650, Huawei Hawi, ZTE zx297520v3, Renesas R-Car M3Le, ASPEED AST27xx, Cortina Gemini, NXP i.MX6\/8\/9, NXP LX2160A, TI K3 AM62x.              <\/ul>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht, Fondi Latin amerikan i Softuerit t\u00eb Lir\u00eb ka formuar nj\u00eb variant t\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs plot\u00ebsisht t\u00eb lir\u00eb 7.2 \u2014 Linux-libre 7.2-gnu, e pastruar nga elemente firmware dhe shofer\u00eb, q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb komponent\u00eb ose segmente kodi t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara nga prodhuesi. N\u00eb l\u00ebshimin 7.2 \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar pastrimi nga blobet e shofer\u00ebve t\u00eb rinj rt722-sdca dhe tac5xx2. Kodi i pastrimit \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar n\u00eb shofer\u00ebt amdgpu, nova core, qcom iris, q6v5, iwlwifi, amdxnda, adreno, r8152 dhe mt792x. Jan\u00eb realizuar korrigjime t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeve p\u00ebr ngarkimin e firmware-ve. \u00cbsht\u00eb kryer pastrimi i emrave blob-eve n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt dts (devicetree) p\u00ebr \u00e7ipat ARM.<br \/>\n<br \/>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=65937\">opennet.ru<\/a> <\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u041b\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0422\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0434\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux 7.2. \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 USB4STREAM, \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 btrfs, xfs \u0438 ext4, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 CPU i486, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 SCHED_EXT, \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 Intel MBEC \u0438 AMD GMET \u0432 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":10,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-183032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com 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