{"id":29855,"date":"2019-10-31T21:32:20","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:32:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/gosudarstvennyj-internet-rasskaz-udalyonshhika-o-vpn-v-kitae\/"},"modified":"2026-07-04T18:21:41","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T16:21:41","slug":"gosudarstvennyj-internet-rasskaz-udalyonshhika-o-vpn-v-kitae","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/gosudarstvennyj-internet-rasskaz-udalyonshhika-o-vpn-v-kitae","title":{"rendered":"Internetit Shtet\u00ebror: tregimi i nj\u00eb pun\u00ebtor p\u00ebr VPN n\u00eb Kin\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Censura \u00ebsht\u00eb ngusht\u00ebsisht e lidhur me politik\u00ebn. Raporti vjetor global renditjen<\/a> i liris\u00eb n\u00eb Internet ilustron qart\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb var\u00ebsi: shtetet ku shkelin t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut bllokojn\u00eb burimet \"e papelqyeshme\" ose i mbyllin qasje globale n\u00eb rrjet.
\n\"Internetit<\/p>\n

Vet\u00ebm 13 nga 65 vendet, analiza e t\u00eb cilave u krye nga studiuesit e Freedom House n\u00eb vitin 2017, nuk pengojn\u00eb<\/a> lirin\u00eb informative t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre. Shumica e p\u00ebrdoruesve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb Internetit global mund t\u00eb aksesojn\u00eb burimet e bllokuara vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes sh\u00ebrbimeve VPN<\/a>. Nd\u00ebr ta jan\u00eb edhe banor\u00ebt e Kin\u00ebs, ku koh\u00ebt e fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb intensifikuar<\/a> ndjekja e VPN-ve t\u00eb palicencuara.<\/p>\n

Frontend-developer Ararat Martirosyan, i cili jeton n\u00eb Kin\u00eb dhe punon n\u00eb distanc\u00eb, na ka treguar se \u00e7far\u00eb po ndodh me sh\u00ebrbimet VPN<\/a> dhe se ku, sipas tij, \u00ebsht\u00eb Interneti m\u00eb i lir\u00eb. E publikojm\u00eb k\u00ebtu tregimin e tij.
\n<\/a><\/p>\n

Kronologjia e kufizimeve<\/h3>\n

N\u00eb vitin 2008 n\u00eb Kin\u00eb u bllokua Youtube. Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb erdhi koha p\u00ebr Twitter, Facebook dhe sh\u00ebrbimet e Google \u2014 u bllokuan Google Docs, Google Calendar, Google Drive dhe vet\u00eb Google.com. N\u00eb vitin 2014 u shkat\u00ebrrua aksesimi n\u00eb Instagram. Versioni zyrtar i autoriteteve \u00ebsht\u00eb se t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto burime p\u00ebrhapin informacione t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt kinez\u00eb, por ka edhe nj\u00eb version tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Projekti \"Muri i Art\u00eb\" (ose muri i madh kinez i zjarrit)<\/i>, i cili filtroi p\u00ebrmbajtjen \"e rrezikshme\" sipas fjal\u00ebve ky\u00e7e dhe kufizoi aksesin n\u00eb faqet e internetit nga lista e zez\u00eb vendore, funksionon n\u00eb Kin\u00eb q\u00eb nga viti 2003. Rrjetet sociale per\u00ebndimore nuk ishin p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb list\u00eb. Prandaj, shum\u00eb konsiderojn\u00eb se bllokimet masive t\u00eb viteve 2008-2009 ndihmuan thjesht shtetin t\u00eb luftonte \u00e7arjet<\/a> n\u00eb mesin e Ujgur\u00ebve n\u00eb Rajonin Autonomous t\u00eb Xinjiang n\u00eb per\u00ebndim t\u00eb vendit. Un\u00eb mendoj gjithashtu: n\u00eb vitin 2009 \u00e7arjet u shtyp\u00ebn me forc\u00eb, dhe informacioni p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb u fsheh n\u00eb \u00e7do m\u00ebnyr\u00eb \u2014 as media, as mbrojt\u00ebsit e t\u00eb drejtave nuk mund\u00ebn t\u00eb ndjekin situat\u00ebn si\u00e7 duhet. \u00cbsht\u00eb e njohur se Instagram u bllokua p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb protesteve<\/a> n\u00eb Hong Kong.<\/p>\n

\"Internetit
\nP\u00ebr t\u00eb kontrolluar n\u00ebse \"Muri i Art\u00eb\" lejon q\u00eb lidhja juaj t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni WebSitePulse<\/a><\/i><\/p>\n

N\u00eb bashk\u00eb me \u00abdistributor\u00ebt e p\u00ebrmbajtjes s\u00eb pad\u00ebshiruar\u00bb, u bllokuan edhe resurse t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb dobishme. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb bllokimit t\u00eb server\u00ebve dhe adresave IP, m\u00eb nuk funksiononin faqet q\u00eb nd\u00ebrvepronin me Google \u2014 p\u00ebr shembull, fontet e Google nuk ngarkoheshin (e nj\u00ebjta kishte<\/a> edhe n\u00eb Rusi). Po ashtu, mor\u00ebn goditje kolegjet online dhe thjesht p\u00ebrmbajtja arg\u00ebtuese \u00abnga Per\u00ebndimi\u00bb. Nj\u00eb fakt interesant: me nj\u00eb kart\u00eb SIM 4G kineze, madje edhe nga nj\u00eb vend tjet\u00ebr, nuk do t\u00eb kesh mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb hyni n\u00eb burimet e ndaluara.<\/p>\n

Atyku njer\u00ebzit e kuptuan se bllokimin mund t\u00eb kalohej dhe duhet. N\u00eb fillim ishin proxy-t, me t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrdoruesit mund t\u00eb komunikonin me bot\u00ebn e jashtme. Por deri n\u00eb vitin 2012, qeveria arriti edhe te ato. At\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb vend nisi nj\u00eb bum VPN<\/a>; sh\u00ebrbimet q\u00eb punojn\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, sot jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb nxjerrin p\u00ebrball\u00eb madje edhe nj\u00eb kongresi t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Komuniste, ndon\u00ebse gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtij eventi t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb bllokuar<\/a> trafiku i huaj ndalet, dhe jeta nd\u00ebrpritet kudo.<\/p>\n

Proteksionizmi dhe ekspansioni i VPN-ve<\/h3>\n

Imagjinoni se t\u00eb gjitha burimet q\u00eb po p\u00ebrdorni tani jan\u00eb t\u00eb bllokuara. Ju mbetet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni vet\u00ebm ato q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndaluara. Kompanit\u00eb kineze t\u00eb IT-s\u00eb filluan t\u00eb rriten duke shpikur analoge lokale t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve per\u00ebndimore: Youku<\/a> n\u00eb vend t\u00eb Youtube, Weibo<\/a> n\u00eb vend t\u00eb Twitter, Baidu<\/a> n\u00eb vend t\u00eb Google, WeChat<\/a> n\u00eb vend t\u00eb mesazher\u00ebve (dhe n\u00eb vend t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb tjera pagesash). Bllokimet ndihmuan Kin\u00ebn t\u00eb filloj\u00eb nj\u00eb politik\u00eb mbrojt\u00ebse t\u00eb suksesshme.<\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimesh dhe aplikacionesh kineze, shum\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues teknologjik\u00eb kan\u00eb filluar t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb Internet p\u00ebrmes VPN. K\u00ebto ishin sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb vogla dhe t\u00eb paligjshme, t\u00eb cilat bllokoheshin vazhdimisht. \u00c7do gj\u00eb ndryshoi kur n\u00eb vitet 2014-2015, ofruesit e VPN per\u00ebndimor\u00eb erdh\u00ebn n\u00eb Kin\u00eb. Qeveria e detyroi ata t\u00eb merrnin nj\u00eb licenc\u00eb speciale ose t\u00eb largoheshin nga vendi.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu jan\u00eb t\u00eb ligjshme vet\u00ebm VPN-t\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore: k\u00ebto sh\u00ebrbime lokale marrin licenc\u00eb nga autoritetet dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren nga persona juridik\u00eb. Personat fizike \u2014 pra qytetar\u00ebt e zakonsh\u00ebm \u2014 gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin nj\u00eb VPN t\u00eb till\u00eb, por p\u00ebr q\u00ebllime arsimore ose shkencore.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, Kina b\u00ebri \u00e7do gj\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb VPN-in lokal m\u00eb t\u00eb qassh\u00ebm se ai i huaji. K\u00ebshtu ndodhi. Ka nj\u00eb paket\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar VPN q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret, por p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur qasje n\u00eb t\u00eb, p\u00ebrdoruesi duhet t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb regjistrimin zyrtar, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb arsyetoj\u00eb p\u00ebrpara shtetit d\u00ebshir\u00ebn e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb anashkaluar ndalimin dhe t\u2019i ofroj\u00eb atij t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e tij personale. Nuk duket shum\u00eb si parimet e VPN-ve q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb jemi m\u00ebsuar, apo jo?<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb rast i njohur qesharak: krijuesi i Murit t\u00eb Madh, i cili foli para student\u00ebve, e kishte t\u00eb nevojshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorte VPN p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar qasje n\u00eb nj\u00eb faqe nga Koreja e Jugut. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shkruar n\u00eb Habr<\/a>. K\u00ebtu duhet t\u00eb kuptohet se p\u00ebrdorimi i \u00e7do (!) VPN n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, nuk ndalohet, nd\u00ebrsa vet\u00eb ofruesit e palicencuar mund t\u00eb marrin<\/a> nga 6 vjet burg.<\/p>\n

Pika e modelit kinez<\/h3>\n

Pika e modelit kinez t\u00eb kontrollit \u00ebsht\u00eb se k\u00ebtu gjith\u00e7ka bllokohet hapur. Nj\u00eb faqe e re u rendit n\u00eb list\u00ebn e zez\u00eb? Me siguri do t\u00eb shpallet zyrtarisht. K\u00ebtu gjith\u00e7ka rregullohet me ligj, prandaj bllokimet njoftohen m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb media.<\/p>\n

Nga p\u00ebrvoja ime, kinez\u00ebt nuk e kan\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb interesi p\u00ebr bllokimet. Ata nuk e ndiejn\u00eb munges\u00ebn e Facebookut ose Twitterit. Shumica prej tyre nuk din\u00eb gjuh\u00eb tjet\u00ebr p\u00ebrve\u00e7 kineshtes: p\u00ebrse u nevojitet YouTube n\u00eb anglisht, kur mund t\u00eb shohin video kineze n\u00eb Youku? P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, dizajni kinez dhe gjith\u00eb logjika e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb faqeve jan\u00eb shum\u00eb ndryshe nga ajo q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00ebsuar evropian\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

Tipari kryesor i Kin\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb se p\u00ebrdoruesve gjithmon\u00eb u ofrohen alternativa p\u00ebr burimet e bllokuara. Kur n\u00eb Rusi filluan t\u00eb bllokoheshin masivisht Telegram-in, askush nuk ofroi ndonj\u00eb aplikacion tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb mesazheve n\u00eb vend. Askush nuk tha: \"Djem, ne krijuam Telegram-in ton\u00eb, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr rus\u00ebt\". \u00cbsht\u00eb idiot\u00ebsi. i propozimit<\/a> p\u00ebrdorimi i ICQ ose TamTam nga Mail.ru - nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb opsion.<\/p>\n

Nuk e mb\u00ebshtes bllokimet, por n\u00ebse do t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndonj\u00eb bllokim, ai duhet t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb p\u00ebr mir\u00eb t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve: n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, brenda 3-4 viteve, kompanit\u00eb IT q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb konkurojn\u00eb me sh\u00ebrbimet e huaja tani dalin n\u00eb tregun e madh. Shteti i mb\u00ebshtet ato me lloje t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebrfitimesh. Kina ka krijuar nj\u00eb rreth t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb me ndihm\u00ebn e VPN-ve ligjore dhe kontrollit t\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb internetit, saq\u00eb kompanit\u00eb lokale s'kan\u00eb pasur tjet\u00ebr zgjedhje: ata kan\u00eb marr\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha kushtet p\u00ebr rritje. Shum\u00eb analog\u00eb kinez\u00eb t\u00eb hostimeve t\u00eb huaja jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb se ato t\u00eb bllokuara.<\/p>\n

Por ka dhe disavantazhe. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb filluar projektin tuaj online, duhet t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb licenc\u00eb ICP<\/a>. Ajo duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do faqe interneti t\u00eb regjistruar n\u00eb territorin e Kin\u00ebs. E l\u00ebshon Ministria e Industris\u00eb dhe Informatizimit e RP Kineze. Kjo licenc\u00eb ju lejon t\u00eb regjistroni nj\u00eb domain, t\u00eb lidhni me nj\u00eb server, dhe t\u00eb nxirrni faqen tuaj n\u00eb rrjetet e ofruesve. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb procedur\u00eb e gjat\u00eb dhe burokratike.<\/p>\n

\"Internetit<\/p>\n

Screenshot nga faqja kryesore e Google-it kinez \u2014 Baidu. Numri i licenc\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i sh\u00ebnuar n\u00eb fundin e \u00e7do faqje kinese.<\/i><\/p>\n

Internet i lir\u00eb?<\/h3>\n

Kam qen\u00eb n\u00eb Kin\u00eb q\u00eb nga viti 2013 dhe mund t\u00eb punoj n\u00eb distanc\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebrmes VPN. N\u00eb fillim, aktivizoja disa klient\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm me protokolle t\u00eb ndryshme, duke i konfiguruar ata p\u00ebr 2-3 or\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00eb, dhe m\u00eb pas pagova p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim t\u00eb paguar dhe tani nuk kam shum\u00eb probleme.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb Kin\u00eb, kuptova shpejt se Interneti i lir\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mit. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, \u00e7do vend dhe \u00e7do rajon ka nj\u00eb firewall t\u00eb vetin: pothuajse kudo, rrjeti kontrollohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb forme. N\u00ebse hyj n\u00eb Internet me nj\u00eb server rus, aksesoj shum\u00eb burime t\u00eb bllokuara, q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb hapura n\u00eb fqinj\u00ebsin\u00eb e Kazakistanit. N\u00ebse hyj me nj\u00eb server tajvanez, shumica e platformave t\u00eb filmave online dhe torrent\u00ebt nuk do t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb, ashtu si\u00e7 ndodh n\u00eb Kin\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjer\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb liri, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb di nj\u00eb set t\u00eb caktuar serverash dhe t\u00eb kuptosh se cilat burime jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme n\u00eb \u00e7do vend.<\/p>\n

Interneti i mbyllur tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pjes\u00eb e bot\u00ebs son\u00eb. Jo vet\u00ebm Kina, por gjithashtu Koreja e Jugut dhe madje edhe ndonj\u00eb Australiz\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb web. N\u00eb Kore, megjithat\u00eb, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb pak ndryshe: aty bllokohen jo resurset, por vet\u00eb materiali. Rrjeti m\u00eb i lir\u00eb, si\u00e7 m\u00eb duket, aktualisht \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb Japoni, Estoni, Letoni, Gjermani dhe Skandinavi.<\/p>\n

Artem Kozlyuk<\/b>, drejtues i projektit RosKomSvoboda, mbi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebs kineze n\u00eb Rusi:<\/i><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrftimi i modelit restriktiv kinez n\u00eb Rusi \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamundur. Infrastrukturally dhe historikisht, interneti n\u00eb k\u00ebto vende \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar krejt\u00ebsisht ndryshe. Kinez\u00ebt filluan nd\u00ebrtimin e \"Murit t\u00eb Madh t\u00eb Art\u00eb\" q\u00eb n\u00eb vitet '90, q\u00eb nga momenti i dep\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb internetit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Rusi, deri n\u00eb vitin 2012, interneti u zhvillua n\u00ebn kushtet e nj\u00eb tregu t\u00eb lir\u00eb, sipas parimit t\u00eb vet\u00eb-rregullimit. Fal\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, ne kemi mij\u00ebra ofrues sh\u00ebrbimesh, internet t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Po, q\u00eb nga viti 2012, gjith\u00e7ka ka filluar t\u00eb zhvendoset drejt nj\u00eb kontrolli t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb industris\u00eb s\u00eb internetit: hostingu dhe operatoret e komunikimit, nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsuesit e informacionit, sh\u00ebrbimet. Por kufizimi i plot\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamundur p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb arsyeve t\u00eb thella strukturale. Le t\u00eb marrim p\u00ebr shembull ushtrin\u00eb kinez dymilion\u00ebshe t\u00eb bloger\u00ebve pro-qeveritar\u00eb, \"Partia 5 mao\" (5 mao = 50 cope: thuhet se aq paguhen bloger\u00ebt p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koment n\u00eb Weibo), e cila monitoron manualisht t\u00eb gjith\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn e internetit. P\u00ebr t\u00eb ushtuar ndikimin n\u00eb runet me nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb makin\u00eb efikase censurimi, Rusia do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb investoj\u00eb miliarda rubla. Dhe ato tani nuk ekzistojn\u00eb. <\/i><\/p>\n

Sigurisht, disa elemente kineze Rusia mund t'i t\u00ebrheq\u00eb p\u00ebr vete. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb ekstrapolosh, por t\u00eb arrish n\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje t\u00eb ngjashme. Ajo po e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb tashm\u00eb, por kalimi i kufizimeve ndihmohet nga VPN. Edhe n\u00eb Kin\u00eb ka boshll\u00ebqe, dhe n\u00ebse dikush d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb ket\u00eb akses n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb platform\u00eb interneti, ai e merr. Por atje shteti ofron qytetar\u00ebve nj\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr burimet e huaja. Megjithat\u00eb, pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrpjekjet ruse p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb ngjashme me ato per\u00ebndimore kan\u00eb d\u00ebshtuar.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb mendon audienca e Habra p\u00ebr mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritjes s\u00eb skenarit kinez n\u00eb Rusi? Sidomos tani, kur ligji \"p\u00ebr internetin sovran\" \u00ebsht\u00eb miratuar n\u00eb leximin e par\u00eb. A kemi kaq shum\u00eb ndryshime mes nesh?<\/p>\n

Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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