{"id":30047,"date":"2019-10-31T21:33:25","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/razbiraemsya-v-protokole-konsensusa-stellar\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:33:25","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:33:25","slug":"razbiraemsya-v-protokole-konsensusa-stellar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/razbiraemsya-v-protokole-konsensusa-stellar","title":{"rendered":"Ta kuptojm\u00eb protokollin e konsensusit Stellar","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Ta
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\nProtokolli i konsensusit Stellar u p\u00ebrshkrua p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull shkencor<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb David Mazier n\u00eb vitin 2015. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \"sistem federativ i marr\u00ebveshjeve bizantine\", i cili i lejon rrjeteve kompjuterike t\u00eb decentralizuara pa lider\u00eb t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efikase konsensus mbi nj\u00eb vendim t\u00eb caktuar. Rrjeti paguese Stellar p\u00ebrdor Protokollin e Konsensusit Stellar (SCP) p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb konsoliduar transaksionesh, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e shohin t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit.<\/p>\n

Njihet se protokollet e konsensusit jan\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t\u2019u kuptuar. SCP \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb se shumica e tyre, por ndjek ende k\u00ebt\u00eb reputacion \u2014 pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb ides\u00eb s\u00eb gabuar se \"votimi federativ\", i cili p\u00ebrkushtohet n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb artikullit shkencor, \u00ebsht\u00eb SCP. Por kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb! Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb bllok ndihm\u00ebs i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, i cili n\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb artikullit p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar protokollin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb<\/i> t\u00eb konsensusit Stellar.
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\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull do t\u00eb flasim shkurtimisht se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \"sistem marr\u00ebveshjesh\", \u00e7far\u00eb e b\u00ebn at\u00eb \"bizantin\" dhe pse ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb sistemin bizantin \"federativ\". Pastaj do t\u00eb shpjegojm\u00eb procedur\u00ebn federative t\u00eb votimit, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar n\u00eb artikullin p\u00ebr SCP, dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht do t\u00eb shpjegojm\u00eb protokollin SCP.<\/p>\n

Sistemet e marr\u00ebveshjeve<\/h1>\n

\nSistemi i marr\u00ebveshjeve i lejon nj\u00eb grup participant\u00ebsh t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb konsensus mbi nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje, p\u00ebr shembull, \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb porosisin p\u00ebr drek\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Ne n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb Interstellar kemi zbatuar sistemin ton\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes p\u00ebr drek\u00eb: porosisim at\u00eb q\u00eb thot\u00eb menaxheri yn\u00eb operativ, John. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem i thjesht\u00eb dhe efikas marr\u00ebveshjesh. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb ne besojm\u00eb tek John dhe jemi t\u00eb sigurt se \u00e7do dit\u00eb do t\u00eb gjej\u00eb di\u00e7ka interesante dhe ushqyese.<\/p>\n

Por, \u00e7far\u00eb n\u00ebse John e abuzon besimin ton\u00eb? Ai mund t\u00eb vendos\u00eb vet\u00ebm se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ne duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhemi vegjetarian\u00eb. Pas nj\u00eb jave ose dy, ndoshta do ta rr\u00ebzojm\u00eb at\u00eb dhe do t'i japim pushtetin Elizabeth. Por ndoshta ajo p\u00eblqen avokado me anchoa dhe mendon se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebhen k\u00ebshtu. Fuqia korrupton. Prandaj, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb gjejm\u00eb nj\u00eb metod\u00eb m\u00eb demokratike: nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar se preferencat e ndryshme jan\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00eb parasysh, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb sigurohet nj\u00eb rezultat n\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe t\u00eb qart\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos ndodhur q\u00eb askush t\u00eb mos porosis\u00eb drek\u00eb ose pes\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb vendosin porosi t\u00eb ndryshme, ose diskutimi t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb deri n\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje.<\/p>\n

Duket sikur zgjidhja \u00ebsht\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb: t\u00eb mbahet nj\u00eb votim! Por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshtypje e g\u00ebnjyer. Kush do t\u00eb mbledh\u00eb flet\u00ebt e votimit dhe do t\u00eb kumtoj\u00eb rezultatet? Dhe pse t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb besojn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb ai do t\u00eb thot\u00eb? Ndoshta, ne mund t\u00eb s\u00eb pari<\/i> votojm\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb lider t\u00eb cilit i besojm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtuar votimin \u2014 por kush do ta udh\u00ebheq\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb votim t\u00eb par\u00eb? \u00c7far\u00eb n\u00ebse nuk mund t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje p\u00ebr liderin? Ose n\u00ebse arrijm\u00eb, por ky lider ngel n\u00eb nj\u00eb takim ose shkon n\u00eb spital?<\/i> Problemet e ngjashme ndodhin n\u00eb rrjetet kompjuterike t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara. T\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit ose nyjet duhet t\u00eb bien dakord p\u00ebr nj\u00eb zgjidhje, p\u00ebr shembull, kush \u00ebsht\u00eb radha p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb sked\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb nga nj\u00eb radh\u00eb p\u00ebrpunimi. N\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet kriptovalute, nyjet shpesh duhet t\u00eb zgjedhin si duket historia e plot\u00eb, nga disa versione t\u00eb mundshme q\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb konflikt. Kjo marr\u00ebveshje rrjetore i garanton marr\u00ebsit se monedha \u00ebsht\u00eb (a) e vlefshme (jo e falsifikuar) dhe (b) ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shpenzuar diku tjet\u00ebr. Kjo gjithashtu garanton q\u00eb ai do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb shpenzoj\u00eb monedhat n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, sepse marr\u00ebsi i ri do t\u00eb ket\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat garanci p\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat arsye.<\/p>\n

\u00c7do sistem marr\u00ebveshjeje n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet kompjuterik t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ndaj d\u00ebshtimeve: ai duhet t\u00eb jap\u00eb rezultate t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme, pavar\u00ebsisht nga gabimet, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb linjat e ngadalta t\u00eb komunikimit, nyjet q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrgjigjen dhe rendi i gabuar i mesazheve.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb sistem marr\u00ebveshjeje bizantin \u00ebsht\u00eb shtes\u00eb i q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ndaj gabimeve 'bizantine': nyjet q\u00eb japin informacione t\u00eb rreme, qofshin ato p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb gabimeve, ose p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb q\u00ebllimshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb minuar sistemin ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb ndonj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitim. Q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria 'bizantine' \u2014 aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb besuar n\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjen e grupit, edhe kur disa an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb grupit mund t\u00eb g\u00ebnjejn\u00eb ose n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb mos ndjekin rregullat e vendimmarrjes \u2014 mori emrin nga<\/i> m\u00ebrgan\u00eb e gjeneral\u00ebve t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Bizantine , t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrpiqeshin t\u00eb koordinonin nj\u00eb sulm.<\/a><\/noindex>Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim t\u00eb mir\u00eb nga Anthony Stevens.<\/a><\/noindex> \u0443 \u042d\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0421\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb pronarin e monedh\u00ebs kriptografike, Alisa, e cila duhet t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb midis blerjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb akulloje t\u00eb shijshme nga Bobo dhe pages\u00ebs s\u00eb borxhit ndaj Kerol. Ndoshta, Alisa d\u00ebshiron t'u paguaj\u00eb t\u00eb dyve nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh, duke e shpenzuar mashtruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn monedh\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, ajo duhet t\u00eb bind\u00eb kompjuterin e Bobos se monedha nuk ka qen\u00eb kurr\u00eb e paguar ndaj Kerol, dhe t\u00eb bind\u00eb kompjuterin e Kerol se monedha nuk ka qen\u00eb kurr\u00eb e paguar ndaj Bobos. Sistemi bizantin i marr\u00ebveshjeve e b\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb t\u00eb pamundur, duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb form\u00eb rregulli t\u00eb shumic\u00ebs, t\u00eb quajtur kuorum<\/i>. Nj\u00eb nyje n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb till\u00eb refuzon t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb version t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb historis\u00eb, derisa t\u00eb shoh\u00eb se nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i mjaftuesh\u00ebm nyjesh t\u00eb barabarta - kuorum - bien dakord p\u00ebr kalimin e till\u00eb. Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb ndodh kjo, ata formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb bllok mjaft t\u00eb madh zgjedhor p\u00ebr t\u00eb detyruar nyjet e tjera t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb bien dakord me vendimin e tyre. Alisa mund t\u00eb detyroj\u00eb disa nyje t\u00eb g\u00ebnjejn\u00eb n\u00eb emrin e saj, por n\u00ebse rrjeti \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i madh, p\u00ebrpjekja e saj do t\u00eb shtypet nga z\u00ebrat e nyjeve t\u00eb ndershme.<\/p>\n

Sa nyje k\u00ebrkohen p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kuorum? T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn, shumica, dhe sakt\u00ebsisht, nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb kualifikuese p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar gabimet dhe mashtrimet. Por p\u00ebr t\u00eb num\u00ebruar shumic\u00ebn, duhet t\u00eb dihet numri total i pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve. N\u00eb zyr\u00ebn Interstellar ose n\u00eb zgjedhjet rajonale, k\u00ebto numra jan\u00eb t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr t'u njohur. Por n\u00ebse grupi juaj \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet i pakontrolluar, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin nyjet mund t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb dhe dalin n\u00eb vullnet t\u00eb tyre pa marr\u00ebveshje me nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr, at\u00ebher\u00eb ne na nevojitet nj\u00eb sistem<\/i> federal bizantin t\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjes, i aft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar kuorume jo nga nj\u00eb list\u00eb e p\u00ebrcaktuar paraprakisht nyjesh, por dinamikisht, nga nj\u00eb pamje q\u00eb ndryshon vazhdimisht dhe q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebrisht e paplot\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb caktuar.<\/p>\n

Mund t\u00eb duket e pamundur t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb kuorum nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i nj\u00eb nyjeje n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur. Ky kuorum madje mund t\u00eb garantoj\u00eb rezultatet e votimit t\u00eb decentralizuar. Dokumenti teknik SCP tregon se si t\u00eb b\u00ebhet kjo p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb procedure t\u00eb quajtur votimi federal<\/i>.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb pa durueshmit<\/h1>\n

\nPjesa tjet\u00ebr e artikullit e p\u00ebrshkruan m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje votimin federal dhe protokollin e konsensusit Stellar. N\u00ebse nuk jeni t\u00eb interesuar p\u00ebr detajet, ja nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e p\u00ebrgjithshme e procesit.<\/p>\n

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  1. Nyset\u00ebt mbajn\u00eb raunde t\u00eb votimit federal p\u00ebr \"nominatet\". Raundi i votimit federativ do t\u00eb thot\u00eb:\n