{"id":30221,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:22","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vsya-istoriya-linux-chast-ii-korporativnye-peripetii\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:22","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:22","slug":"vsya-istoriya-linux-chast-ii-korporativnye-peripetii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/vsya-istoriya-linux-chast-ii-korporativnye-peripetii","title":{"rendered":"E gjith\u00eb historia e Linux. Pjesa II: ngjarjet korporative","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Vazhdojm\u00eb t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb historin\u00eb e zhvillimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb nga produkte m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e open-source. N\u00eb artikullin e kaluar ne diskutuam<\/a><\/noindex> p\u00ebr zhvillimet q\u00eb i paraprin\u00eb daljes s\u00eb Linux-it dhe treguam historin\u00eb e lindjes s\u00eb versionit t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb kernelit. K\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohemi n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e tregtarizimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij sistemi operativ t\u00eb hapur, q\u00eb filloi n\u00eb vitet '90.<\/p>\n

\"E<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex>
\n\/ Flickr \/ David Goehring<\/a><\/noindex> \/ CC BY<\/a><\/noindex> \/ \u0424\u043e\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e<\/i><\/p>\n

Lindja e produkteve tregtare<\/h2>\n

\nHer\u00ebn e kaluar u ndal\u00ebm tek kompania SUSE, e cila n\u00eb vitin 1992 ishte e para q\u00eb tregtarizoi sistemin operativ mbi Linux. Ajo filloi t\u00eb publikonte produkte p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt biznesor\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur distribuimin e njohur Slackware. K\u00ebshtu, kompania tregoi se zhvillimi open-source mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr arg\u00ebtim, por edhe p\u00ebr fitim.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb nga t\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb ndoq\u00ebn k\u00ebt\u00eb trend ishin biznesmeni Bob Young dhe zhvilluesi Marc Ewing nga SHBA. N\u00eb vitin 1993 Bob krijoi<\/a><\/noindex> formoi kompanin\u00eb e quajtur ACC Corporation dhe u angazhua n\u00eb shitjen e produkteve t\u00eb bazuara n\u00eb softuerin e hapur. Sa i p\u00ebrket Markut, ai n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve '90 ishte duke punuar mbi nj\u00eb distribuim t\u00eb ri t\u00eb Linux-it. Ewing e quajti projektin Red Hat Linux n\u00eb nderim t\u00eb kapel\u00ebs s\u00eb kuqe q\u00eb ai e kishte veshur gjithmon\u00eb gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb laboratorin e kompjuter\u00ebve n\u00eb Universitetin Carnegie Mellon. Versioni beta i distribuimit doli<\/a><\/noindex> u publikua n\u00eb ver\u00ebn e vitit 1994 mbi kernelin Linux 1.1.18.<\/p>\n

Publikimi tjet\u00ebr i Red Hat Linux u organizua<\/a><\/noindex> ishte n\u00eb tetor dhe mori emrin \u2013 Halloween. Ai u dallua nga beta e par\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb dokumentacionit dhe mund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur mes dy versioneve t\u00eb kernelit \u2013 1.0.9 dhe 1.1.54. Pas k\u00ebsaj, p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimet dol\u00ebn af\u00ebrsisht \u00e7do gjasht\u00eb muaj. Komuniteti i zhvilluesve e priti pozitivisht k\u00ebt\u00eb grafik p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsimesh dhe mori pjes\u00eb me k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi n\u00eb testimin e tij.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, popullariteti i sistemit nuk i shp\u00ebtoi Bob Yanqit, i cili nxitoi ta shtonte produktin n\u00eb katalogun e tij. Disket\u00eb dhe disqet me versionet e hershme t\u00eb Red Hat Linux u shit\u00ebn si buk\u00eb n\u00eb furr\u00eb. Pas nj\u00eb suksesi t\u00eb till\u00eb, nd\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsi vendosi t\u00eb njihej personalisht me Markun.<\/p>\n

Takimi i Yanqit me Ewing rezultoi n\u00eb krijimin e kompanis\u00eb Red Hat n\u00eb vitin 1995. Bob u em\u00ebrua si drejtor i saj. Vitin e par\u00eb t\u00eb ekzistenc\u00ebs s\u00eb kompanis\u00eb ishte t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur kompanin\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00eb, Bob duhej t\u00eb huazonte<\/a><\/noindex> mjete nga kartat e kreditit. N\u00eb nj\u00eb moment, borxhi total arriti $50 mij\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, versioni i par\u00eb i plot\u00eb i Red Hat Linux mbi kernin version 1.2.8 e rregulloi situat\u00ebn. Fitimi ishte kolosal, \u00e7ka i mund\u00ebsoi Bobit t\u00eb shlyente bankat.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ta th\u00ebn\u00eb ndryshe, pik\u00ebrisht at\u00ebher\u00eb bota pa logon e njohur mir\u00eb me njeriun<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili n\u00eb nj\u00eb dor\u00eb mban nj\u00eb valixhe dhe me tjetr\u00ebn mban kapelen e tij t\u00eb kuqe.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1998, v\u00ebllimi vjetor i t\u00eb ardhurave nga shitjet e distribucionit Red Hat ishte m\u00eb shum\u00eb se $5 milion. Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb pas, treguesi u dyfishua dhe kompania realizoi<\/a><\/noindex> IPO me vler\u00ebsimi<\/a><\/noindex> vler\u00eb disa miliard dollar\u00ebsh.<\/p>\n

Zhvillimi aktiv i segmentit korporativ<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb mesin e viteve '90, kur distribuoni Red Hat Linux zuri<\/a><\/noindex> vendin e tij n\u00eb treg, kompania po investonte n\u00eb zhvillimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve. Zhvilluesit prezantuan<\/a><\/noindex> l\u00ebshuan versionin komercial t\u00eb OS-s\u00eb, i cili p\u00ebrfshinte dokumentacionin, mjete t\u00eb tjera dhe nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb thjesht\u00ebzuar t\u00eb instalimit. Dhe pak m\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 1997, kompania nisur<\/a><\/noindex> ofroi mb\u00ebshtetje teknike p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1998, s\u00eb bashku me Red Hat, zhvillimi i segmentit korporativ t\u00eb Linux-it tashm\u00eb u angazhuan<\/a><\/noindex> Oracle, Informix, Netscape dhe Core. N\u00eb at\u00eb vit IBM b\u00ebri hapin e saj t\u00eb par\u00eb drejt zgjidhjeve open-source \u2014 korporata ka prezantuar<\/a><\/noindex> WebSphere, e bazuar n\u00eb serverin web Apache me kod burim t\u00eb hapur.<\/p>\n

Glyn Moody, autor i librave mbi Linux dhe Linus Torvald, beson<\/a><\/noindex>, tha se pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment IBM hyri n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb q\u00eb pas 20 vitesh e \u00e7oi n\u00eb blerjen e kompanis\u00eb Red Hat p\u00ebr $34 miliard. N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb IBM u afrua gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb me ekosistemin Linux dhe ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht me Red Hat. N\u00eb vitin 1999, kompanit\u00eb bashkuan<\/a><\/noindex> vazhduan p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar mbi sistemet korporative IBM bazuar n\u00eb Red Hat Linux.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, Red Hat dhe IBM arrit\u00ebn nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje t\u00eb re \u2014 q\u00eb ata kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb promovonin dhe zbatonin zgjidhjet Linux t\u00eb t\u00eb dy kompanive n\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjet e gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebs. Marr\u00ebveshja p\u00ebrfshinte produkte t\u00eb tilla si DB2, WebSphere Application Server, Lotus Domino dhe IBM Small Business Pack. N\u00eb vitin 2000 IBM filloi t\u00eb migronte<\/a><\/noindex> t\u00eb gjitha platform\u00ebt e saj serverike n\u00eb Linux. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, disa projekte me burime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb kompanis\u00eb po punonin mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb sistem operativ. Nd\u00ebr to ishte, p\u00ebr shembull, superkompjuteri n\u00eb Universitetin e New Mexico.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 IBM, Dell filloi t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunonte me Red Hat n\u00eb ato vite. N\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, n\u00eb vitin 1999 kompania ka lan\u00e7uar<\/a><\/noindex> serveri par\u00eb me sistemin e operimit Linux t\u00eb instaluar. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve '90 dhe fillimin e viteve 2000, Red Hat n\u00ebnshkroi marr\u00ebveshje edhe me korporata t\u00eb tjera \u2014 me HP, SAP, Compaq. E gjitha kjo ndihmoi Red Hat t\u00eb konsolidohej n\u00eb segmentin enterprise.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb moment kthes\u00eb n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Red Hat Linux ishte viti 2002-2003, kur kompania e ndryshoi emrin e produktit t\u00eb saj kryesor n\u00eb Red Hat Enterprise Linux dhe hoqi dor\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht nga shp\u00ebrndarja e lir\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb saj. Q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb, ajo u orientua p\u00ebrfundimisht n\u00eb segmentin e korporatave dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre u b\u00eb lideri i tij \u2014 tani kompanit\u00eb i takon<\/a><\/noindex> z\u00ebn\u00eb rreth nj\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00ebn e tregut t\u00eb server\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Por gjithsesi Red Hat nuk u largua nga softi i lir\u00eb. Pasardh\u00ebsi i kompanis\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb u b\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarja Fedora, versioni i par\u00eb i s\u00eb cil\u00ebs (doli n\u00eb vitin 2003) u bazua<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb b\u00ebrthamat 2.4.22 t\u00eb Red Hat Linux. Sot Red Hat e mb\u00ebshtet n\u00eb \u00e7do m\u00ebnyr\u00eb zhvillimin e Fedora dhe p\u00ebrdor arritjet e ekipit n\u00eb produktet e saj.<\/p>\n

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\n\/ Flickr \/ Eli Duke<\/a><\/noindex> \/ CC BY-SA<\/a><\/noindex><\/i><\/p>\n

Fillimi i konkurrenc\u00ebs<\/h2>\n

\nGjasht\u00ebmujori i par\u00eb i k\u00ebtij artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse krejt\u00ebsisht i dedikuar Red Hat. Por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se zhvillime t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb ekosistemin Linux nuk kan\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb sistemit operativ. Red Hat n\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte p\u00ebrcaktoi drejtimin zhvillimor t\u00eb sistemit operativ dhe t\u00eb shum\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjeve, por madje edhe n\u00eb segmentin e korporatave, kompania nuk ishte lojtari i vet\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 saj, k\u00ebtu punonin SUSE, TurboLinux, Caldera dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt gjithashtu g\u00ebzonin popullaritet dhe 'mbusheshin' me nj\u00eb komunitet besnik. Dhe kjo veprimtari nuk kaloi pa u v\u00ebn\u00eb re nga konkurruesit, sidomos Microsoft.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1998, Bill Gates b\u00ebri deklarata duke k\u00ebrkuar t\u00eb minimizonte r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e Linux. P\u00ebr shembull, ai pretendoi<\/a><\/noindex>, se 'nuk ishte d\u00ebgjuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb nga klient\u00ebt p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sistem operativ t\u00eb till\u00eb'.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin vit n\u00eb raportin e tij vjetor p\u00ebr Komisioni p\u00ebr Vlerat e Posa\u00e7me t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb, Microsoft e renditi<\/a><\/noindex> Linux midis konkurruesve t\u00eb tij. Po at\u00ebher\u00eb ndodhi rrjedhja e ashtuquajtur Dokumentet e Halloween-it<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 sh\u00ebnime t\u00eb nj\u00eb punonj\u00ebsi t\u00eb Microsoft-it, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat analizoheshin rreziqet konkuruese nga Linux dhe softi me kod t\u00eb hapur.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar t\u00eb gjitha frik\u00ebrat e Microsoft-it, n\u00eb vitin 1999 qindra p\u00ebrdorues t\u00eb Linux nga e gjith\u00eb bota n\u00eb nj\u00eb dit\u00eb u d\u00ebrguan<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb zyrat e korporat\u00ebs. Atyre u duheshin t\u00eb rikthenin parat\u00eb p\u00ebr sistemin Windows t\u00eb parainstaluar n\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebt e tyre, si pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb aksioni nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar - Dita e Kthimit t\u00eb Windows. K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebrdoruesit shprehnin pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr monopol t\u00eb sistemit operativ t\u00eb Microsoft n\u00eb tregun e PC.<\/p>\n

Konflikti i heshtur n\u00eb mes t\u00eb gjigantit IT dhe komunitetit Linux vazhdoi t\u00eb rritej n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 2000. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, Linux mbante<\/a><\/noindex> m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb t\u00eb kat\u00ebrt\u00ebn e tregut t\u00eb Serverave dhe vazhdimisht po rritej pjes\u00ebmarrja e saj. Sipas k\u00ebtyre raporteve, CEO i Microsoft, Steve Ballmer, u detyrua t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb hapur Linux si konkurrentin kryesor edhe n\u00eb tregun e server\u00ebve. P\u00ebraf\u00ebrsisht n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, ai e quajti<\/a><\/noindex> e quajti sistemin operativ t\u00eb hapur \u00abkancer\u00bb t\u00eb pron\u00ebs intelektuale dhe n\u00eb fakt u shpreh kund\u00ebr \u00e7do zhvillimi me licenc\u00ebn GPL.<\/p>\n

\nNe n\u00eb\u00a01cloud<\/a><\/noindex>\u00a0mbledh\u00ebm statistikat e sistemeve operative p\u00ebr serverat aktiv\u00eb t\u00eb klient\u00ebve tan\u00eb.<\/p>\n

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\n
\nN\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr distribucionet e ve\u00e7anta, m\u00eb i popullarizuar midis klient\u00ebve t\u00eb 1cloud mbetet Ubuntu - 45%, pas saj ndjek CentOS (28%) dhe me nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl Debian (26%).<\/p>\n

\nNj\u00eb front tjet\u00ebr i luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Microsoft me komunitetin e zhvilluesve ishte dalja e sistemit operativ Lindows bazuar n\u00eb b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux, emri i t\u00eb cilit kopjonte Windows. N\u00eb vitin 2001, Microsoft paraqiti nj\u00eb padi<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb SHBA ndaj kompanis\u00eb zhvilluese t\u00eb sistemit operativ, duke k\u00ebrkuar q\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshonte emrin. Ajo, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje, p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb pranonte t\u00eb pavlefshm\u00ebrisht t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e Microsoft mbi nj\u00eb nga fjal\u00ebt angleze dhe p\u00ebrkatesat e saj. Dy vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrplasje fitoi korporata - emri LindowsOS u ndryshua<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb Linspire. Megjithat\u00eb, zhvilluesit e sistemit operativ t\u00eb hapur e pranuan k\u00ebt\u00eb vendim n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb vullnetar\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur padit\u00eb nga Microsoft n\u00eb vendet e tjera t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb tyre operativ.<\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb ndodhi me b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn Linux?<\/h2>\n

\nPavar\u00ebsisht t\u00eb gjitha p\u00ebrplasjeve t\u00eb korporatave dhe deklaratave t\u00eb ashpra n\u00eb adres\u00eb t\u00eb softuerit t\u00eb lir\u00eb nga menaxher\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb kompanive t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, komuniteti Linux vazhdoi t\u00eb zhvillohej. Zhvilluesit punonin mbi distribucionet e reja t\u00eb hapura dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsonin b\u00ebrtham\u00ebn. Fal\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb internetit, b\u00ebhej \u00e7do her\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebhej kjo. N\u00eb vitin 1994 u l\u00ebshua versioni 1.0.0 i b\u00ebrtham\u00ebs Linux, dhe dy vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb - 2.0. Me secilin l\u00ebshim, sistemi operativ mb\u00ebshteste funksionimin n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb madh procesor\u00ebsh dhe mainframe-\u00ebsh.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb mes t\u00eb viteve '90, Linux, tashm\u00eb i njohur nd\u00ebr zhvilluesit, evoluoi jo vet\u00ebm si nj\u00eb produkt teknologjik, por edhe si nj\u00eb mark\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 1995, u zhvillua<\/a><\/noindex> Ekspozita dhe konferenca e par\u00eb Linux Expo, ku fol\u00ebs t\u00eb njohur n\u00eb komunitet ishin t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Mark Ewing. Pas disa vjet\u00ebsh, Expo u b\u00eb nj\u00eb nga ngjarjet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb Linux.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1996, bota pa p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb logon me pingun e famsh\u00ebm Taksom<\/a><\/noindex>, i cili vazhdon t\u00eb shoq\u00ebroj\u00eb produktet Linux. Ai u vizatua<\/a><\/noindex> nga programuesi dhe dizajneri Larry Ewing bazuar n\u00eb i njohur<\/a><\/noindex> histori p\u00ebr \"pingun e eg\u00ebr\", i cili nj\u00eb her\u00eb sulmoi Linus Torvalds dhe e infektroi me nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb quajtur \"pingvinizmi\".<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\nN\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve '90, nj\u00ebra pas tjetr\u00ebs, dol\u00ebn n\u00eb treg dy produkte t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb historin\u00eb e Linux - GNOME dhe KDE. Fal\u00eb k\u00ebtyre mjeteve, sistemet Unix, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Linux, mor\u00ebn nd\u00ebrfaqe grafike komode me platforma t\u00eb ndryshme. Dalja e k\u00ebtyre mjeteve mund t\u00eb quhet nj\u00eb nga hapat e par\u00eb drejt tregut masiv. M\u00eb shum\u00eb lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb Linux do t\u00eb flasim n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb blogun korporativ 1cloud:<\/h5>\n