{"id":30258,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:32","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/netbios-v-rukah-hakera\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:32","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:32","slug":"netbios-v-rukah-hakera","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/netbios-v-rukah-hakera","title":{"rendered":"NetBIOS n\u00eb duar t\u00eb nj\u00eb hakeri","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Ky\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e shkurt\u00ebr rreth asaj q\u00eb mund t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb nj\u00eb objekt i zakonsh\u00ebm si NetBIOS<\/i>. \u00c7far\u00eb informacioni mund t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb ai p\u00ebr nj\u00eb potencialisht t\u00eb keqardhur\/tester t\u00eb siguris\u00eb.<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Fusha e demonstruar e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb teknikave t\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebs lidhet me rrjetet e brendshme, t\u00eb izoluara dhe t\u00eb pamundura p\u00ebr t'u mb\u00ebrritur nga jasht\u00eb. T\u00eb tilla rrjete jan\u00eb zakonisht t\u00eb pranishme n\u00eb \u00e7do kompanin\u00eb, madje edhe n\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb voglat.<\/p>\n

I vet\u00eb NetBIOS<\/i> p\u00ebrdoret zakonisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb emrin e rrjetit. Dhe kjo do t\u00eb mjaftoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 4 gj\u00ebra.<\/p>\n

Zbulimi i hosteve<\/b>
\nFal\u00eb faktit se NetBIOS mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb UDP si transport, shpejt\u00ebsia e funksionimit t\u00eb tij lejon zbulimin e hosteve n\u00eb rrjete shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. P\u00ebr shembull, mjeti nbtscan<\/i>, i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb paket\u00ebn me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin em\u00ebr, mund t\u00eb zgjidh\u00eb adresat e rrjetit t\u00eb tipit 192.168.0.0\/16 brenda vet\u00ebm 2 sekondash (mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb bllokim t\u00eb rrjetit), nd\u00ebrsa skanimi tradicional TCP do t\u00eb marr\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra minuta. Ky ve\u00e7or\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret si nj\u00eb teknik\u00eb p\u00ebr zbulimin e hosteve (host sweep) n\u00eb rrjete shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat nuk dihet asgj\u00eb, para se t\u00eb ekzekutohet nmap. Megjith\u00ebse rezultati nuk garanton 100% zbulim, pasi kryesisht do t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen hostet windows dhe jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, ai gjithsesi do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet se n\u00eb cilat rrethina ndodhen hostet aktiv\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Identifikimi i hosteve<\/b>
\nDuke p\u00ebrdorur rezultatet e marrjes s\u00eb emrave nga adresat IP:<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\n
\nmund t\u00eb shihet: p\u00ebrve\u00e7 faktit se emri zbulohet pronarin e stacionit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs (edhe pse kjo ndodh jo gjithmon\u00eb), nj\u00eb nga adresat duket qartazi e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb nga t\u00eb tjerat. Mund t\u00eb shohim se \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb emri KALI<\/i>. Ky sjellje \u00ebsht\u00eb karakteristike, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, p\u00ebr unix<\/i>-implementimin SMB\/NetBIOS<\/i> n\u00eb paket\u00ebn e softuerit samba<\/i> apo shum\u00eb t\u00eb vjetra Windows 2000<\/i>.
\nMarrja e emrit KALI<\/i>, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb hostet e tjera kjo <unknown<\/i>> tregon p\u00ebr pranin\u00eb e ashtuquajturit null-session<\/i>. N\u00eb cil\u00ebsimet e parazgjedhura SMB<\/i>-server\u00ebt jan\u00eb linux<\/i> t\u00eb prirur p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Null-session<\/i> vet\u00ebm lejon plot\u00ebsisht anonimisht (dhe ne nuk kemi futur ndonj\u00eb fjal\u00ebkalim, si\u00e7 duket n\u00eb screenshot) t\u00eb marrim nj\u00eb informacion t\u00eb konsideruesh\u00ebm shtes\u00eb, si politika lokale e fjal\u00ebkalimeve, lista e p\u00ebrdoruesve lokal\u00eb, grupeve dhe lista e burimeve t\u00eb ndara (shar):<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\nShpesh n\u00eb linux SMB<\/i>-servery publikisht n\u00eb dispozicion jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim, por madje edhe p\u00ebr shkruar. Prania e t\u00eb dyjave p\u00ebrmban k\u00ebrc\u00ebnime t\u00eb ndryshme, p\u00ebrdorimi i t\u00eb cilave shkon p\u00ebrtej k\u00ebtij artikulli.<\/p>\n

NetBIOS<\/i> po ashtu lejon t\u00eb marrim emrat e t\u00eb gjitha tipeve q\u00eb ruan stacioni i pun\u00ebs:<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\n
\nn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast kjo lejon t\u00eb zbulojm\u00eb se host-i \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb kontrollues domeni ARRIVA<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu vlen t\u00eb vihet re se NetBIOS<\/i> lejon t\u00eb marr\u00eb mac<\/i>-adres\u00ebn. N\u00eb dallim nga k\u00ebrkesat arp, k\u00ebrkesat NetBIOS jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrtej n\u00ebndeg\u00ebs. Kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e dobishme n\u00ebse, p\u00ebr shembull, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb gjendet nj\u00eb laptop ose ndonj\u00eb harduer specifik, duke ditur prodhuesin e tij. Meqen\u00ebse tre oktetat e para mac<\/i>-adres\u00ebs identifikojn\u00eb prodhuesin, mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojm\u00eb t\u00eb tilla NetBIOS<\/i>-k\u00ebrkon n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha subnetet e njohura p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur pajisjen e nevojshme (http:\/\/standards-oui.ieee.org\/oui.txt).<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrcaktimi i p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr domainin<\/a><\/b>
\nShpesh, kur l\u00ebvizim brenda rrjeteve t\u00eb brendshme korporative, duhet t\u00eb sulmojm\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht stacionin e pun\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb domen (p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur privilegjet n\u00eb nivelin e administratorit t\u00eb domenit) ose anasjelltas. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast NetBIOS<\/i> ndihma mund t\u00eb vij\u00eb nga:<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, me an\u00eb t\u00eb NetBIOS<\/i> u mor\u00ebn t\u00eb gjitha emrat e llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme. Mes tyre mund t\u00eb shihni, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 emrit t\u00eb PC-s\u00eb (ato q\u00eb kishim marr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb), edhe emrin e grupit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paracaktuar p\u00ebr windows<\/i> ai zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka si WORKGROUP<\/i> ose IVAN-PC<\/i>, por, n\u00ebse stacioni i pun\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb domen, at\u00ebher\u00eb grupi i tij i pun\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb emri i domenit.
\nK\u00ebshtu, me ndihm\u00ebn e NetBIOS<\/i> mund t\u00eb zbulohet n\u00ebse stacioni i pun\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb domen, dhe, n\u00ebse po, n\u00eb cilin.
\nN\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb hosteve t\u00eb domenit brenda subnetit, mjafton nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb e vetme e transmetimit me emrin e domenit t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar:<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\n
\nn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje do t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen t\u00eb gjitha hostet q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb dom\u00ednio.<\/p>\n

Zbulesa e hosteve multihomed<\/b>
\nDhe n\u00eb fund, nj\u00eb teknik\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb pak e njohur, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht e paz\u00ebvend\u00ebsueshme p\u00ebr gjetja e rrug\u00ebve<\/i> n\u00eb rrjeta t\u00eb mbrojtura, ndoshta edhe fizikisht t\u00eb izoluar. K\u00ebto mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb rrjetet e punishtes s\u00eb kompanive, t\u00eb mbushura me kontroler\u00eb. Qakses n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sulmues do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ai mund t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb n\u00eb procesin teknologjik, dhe p\u00ebr kompanin\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rreziku i humbjes s\u00eb madhe.
\nPra, thelbi \u00ebsht\u00eb se edhe n\u00ebse rrjeti \u00ebsht\u00eb i izoluar nga rrjeti korporativ, shpesh disa administratore, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb lenien, ose ndonj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, p\u00eblqejn\u00eb t\u00eb aktivizojn\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr kart\u00eb rrjeti n\u00eb kompjuter\u00ebt e tyre p\u00ebr akses n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet. Kjo ndodh natyrisht n\u00eb shkelje t\u00eb \u00e7do rregulli t\u00eb firewalleve korporative. \u00cbsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb, apo jo, por nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e sigurt; n\u00ebse ju thyejn\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb ju do t\u00eb b\u00ebheni nj\u00eb ur\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet dhe do t\u00eb mbani p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi.
\nMegjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr sulmuesin k\u00ebtu ka nj\u00eb problem \u2014 t\u00eb gjej\u00eb at\u00eb administratorin q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ky\u00e7ur n\u00eb rrjetin e mbrojtur n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paligjshme. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb edhe p\u00ebr drejtuesit e siguris\u00eb s\u00eb rrjetit. N\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjet e m\u00ebdha, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlikuar, si t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb nj\u00eb gjilp\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb grumbull me t\u00eb fshira.
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb, do t\u00eb ishte e qart\u00eb q\u00eb hakeri do t\u00eb kishte dy mund\u00ebsi:
\n1. t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb \u00e7do PC n\u00eb rrjetin korporativ si nj\u00eb kalim p\u00ebr n\u00eb rrjetin e k\u00ebrkuar. Kjo do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb e dobishme, por ndodh rrall\u00eb, sepse n\u00eb windows<\/i> hostet ip forwarding<\/i> g almost always is disabled. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se kaq, nj\u00eb kontroll i till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i mundur vet\u00ebm brenda rrjetit t\u00eb vet, dhe k\u00ebrkon q\u00eb hakeri t\u00eb dij\u00eb sakt\u00ebsisht adres\u00ebn e synuar nga nj\u00eb rrjet i izoluar.
\n2. t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb hyj\u00eb n\u00eb distanc\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do host dhe t\u00eb ekzekutoj\u00eb nj\u00eb komand\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme ipconfig\/ifconfig<\/i>. Dhe k\u00ebtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka kaq e leht\u00eb. Edhe n\u00ebse hakeri ka siguruar t\u00eb drejta si administrator i domainit, askush nuk e ka anuluar mbrojtjen e rrjetit dhe firewall-et lokale. Pra, kjo detyr\u00eb nuk automatizohet plot\u00ebsisht. Si rezultat, mbetet t\u00eb hyhet paq\u00ebsisht n\u00eb \u00e7do host, duke kap\u00ebrcyer mbrojtjet e rrjetit (t\u00eb cilat shpesh bllokojn\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht portin 445\/tcp), n\u00eb shpres\u00eb t\u00eb shihen p\u00ebrfundimisht nd\u00ebrfaqet e d\u00ebshiruara t\u00eb rrjetit.<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, gjith\u00e7ka \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb. Ekziston nj\u00eb teknik\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e thjesht\u00eb, e cila lejon t\u00eb merret lista e nd\u00ebrfaqeve t\u00eb rrjetit nga ajo ose ajo host. Le t\u00eb supozojm\u00eb se kemi nj\u00eb host:<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\n
\nkjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje e kund\u00ebrt IP-address \u2192 emri i rrjetit. N\u00ebse tani p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb emri i rrjetit \u2192 IP-address:<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\n
\nat\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se ky host \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb port\u00eb (duket) n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet tjet\u00ebr. Duhet theksuar se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast k\u00ebrkesa shkonte n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb. N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, do t\u00eb d\u00ebgjohet nga host-et vet\u00ebm n\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjetin e sulmuesit.
\nN\u00ebse host-i q\u00eb synohet \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrtej n\u00ebnrrjetit, at\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb e targetuar:<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, duket se synimi \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrtej n\u00ebnrrjetit t\u00eb sulmuesit. Me \u00e7el\u00ebsin -B u tregua se k\u00ebrkesa duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb adres\u00eb specifike, e jo n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb.
\nTani mbetet vet\u00ebm t\u00eb mbledhim shpejt informacion nga e gjith\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjeta e interesit, jo nga nj\u00eb adres\u00eb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb python<\/i>-skrit:<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\n
\nDhe pas disa sekondash:<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\n
\nHost-i i p\u00ebrcaktuar, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast t\u00eb improvizuar do t\u00eb ishte objekti i par\u00eb i sulmuesit, n\u00ebse ai do t\u00eb ndiqte rrjetin 172.16.1\/24.<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\n
\nEmrat e p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur n\u00eb IP t\u00eb ndryshme tregojn\u00eb se host-i gjithashtu ka dy karta rrjeti, por tashm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebnrrjet. Duhet theksuar se NetBIOS<\/i> nuk e zbulojm\u00eb alias<\/i>-\u00ebt (t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb llogariten leht\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebrkesave arp si ip me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin mac<\/i>). N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast IP-adresave<\/a> kan\u00eb ndryshme mac<\/i>.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb shembull tjet\u00ebr i p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj teknike \u00ebsht\u00eb Wi-Fi publik. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb hasni nj\u00eb situat\u00eb kur midis pajisjeve mysafire q\u00eb lidhen me rrjetin publik, stafi q\u00eb punon n\u00eb nj\u00eb segment t\u00eb mbyllur korporativ lidhet gjithashtu. At\u00ebher\u00eb, me ndihm\u00ebn e k\u00ebsaj teknike spiunazhi, nj\u00eb autor do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktoj\u00eb shum\u00eb shpejt nj\u00eb itinerar p\u00ebr t\u00eb hyr\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetin e mbyllur:<\/p>\n

\"NetBIOS
\n
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, midis 65 klient\u00ebve t\u00eb Wi-Fi publik u gjet\u00ebn dy stacione pune q\u00eb kishin nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqe shtes\u00eb, e cila ndoshta \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e rrjetit korporativ.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb midis segmenteve t\u00eb rrjetit ose direkt n\u00eb stacionet e pun\u00ebs ka filtrimin e trafik\u00ebve n\u00eb portin 445\/tcp, i cili pengon hyrjen e larg\u00ebt n\u00eb sistem (ekzekutimin e larg\u00ebt t\u00eb kodit), at\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast p\u00ebrdoret porti 137\/udp p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e emrave, bllokimi i t\u00eb cilit nuk ndodh shpesh, pasi do t\u00eb d\u00ebmtonte shum\u00eb komoditetin e pun\u00ebs n\u00eb rrjet, p\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb zhduket mjedisi rrjetor etj. NetBIOS<\/i> p\u00ebrdoret porta 137\/udp, bllokimi i saj pothuajse nuk ndodh, sepse do t\u00eb d\u00ebmtonte shum\u00eb komfortin e pun\u00ebs n\u00eb rrjet, p\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb zhduket ambienti rrjetor etj.<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 thot\u00eb populli, enumerimi \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi<\/i>
\nA ka mbrojtje nga kjo? Nuk ka, sepse kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb as nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr vulnerabilitet. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm funksionaliteti standard i asaj pak q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion. windows<\/i> (n\u00eb linux<\/i> m\u00ebnyra e sjelljes paksa ndryshon). Dhe n\u00ebse, p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb rast, jeni lidhur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb paautorizuar me nj\u00eb segment t\u00eb mbyllur, at\u00ebher\u00eb nj\u00eb sulmues do t'ju gjej\u00eb patjet\u00ebr dhe do ta b\u00ebj\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb shpejt.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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