{"id":30317,"date":"2019-10-31T21:34:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-vse-nachinalos-opticheskie-diski-i-ih-istoriya\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:34:50","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:34:50","slug":"kak-vse-nachinalos-opticheskie-diski-i-ih-istoriya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/kak-vse-nachinalos-opticheskie-diski-i-ih-istoriya","title":{"rendered":"Si si gjith\u00e7ka nisi: disqet optike dhe historia e tyre","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Si
\n
\nOptical compact discs became publicly available in 1982, though prototypes were seen even earlier \u2014 in 1979. Initially, discs were developed as a replacement for vinyl records, offering a higher quality and more reliable medium. It is believed that laser discs are the result of a collaborative effort by the teams from two technology corporations \u2014 Japan's Sony and the Netherlands' Philips.<\/p>\n

The foundational technology of 'cold lasers,' which made the emergence of laser discs possible, was developed by Soviet scientists. Alexander Prokhorov<\/a><\/noindex> dhe Nikolai Basov<\/a><\/noindex>. For their invention, they were awarded the Nobel Prize. Subsequently, the technology evolved, and in the 1970s, Philips developed a method for recording compact discs, which laid the groundwork for the CD. Initially, the company's engineers created ALP (audio long play) as an alternative to vinyl records.
\n <\/a><\/noindex>
\nThe diameter of ALP discs was approximately 30 centimeters. Shortly thereafter, engineers reduced the diameter of the discs, which decreased the playback time to 1 hour. Laser discs and the devices for playing them were first demonstrated<\/a><\/noindex> by Philips in 1979. After that, the company sought a partner for further development of the project \u2014 the technology was envisioned by its developers as international, and it was difficult to elevate and popularize it on their own.<\/p>\n

The beginning of it all<\/h3>\n

\nThe management decided to try to establish contacts with technology companies from Japan, which at the time was at the forefront of hi-end technologies. Delegates from Philips went to the country, and they managed to meet with the president of Sony, who expressed interest in the technology. <\/p>\n

Almost immediately there was \u00ebsht\u00eb formuar<\/a><\/noindex> ekipi i ingjinier\u00ebve t\u00eb Philips-Sony, ata jan\u00eb ata q\u00eb zhvilluan specifikimet e para t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb. N\u00ebnkryetari i Sony insistoi p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur kapacitetin e diskut, ai d\u00ebshironte q\u00eb kompakti t\u00eb kishte kapacitetin p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur simfonin\u00eb e n\u00ebnt\u00eb t\u00eb Beethoven-it, p\u00ebr \u00e7ka kapaciteti i diskut u zgjerua nga 1 or\u00eb n\u00eb 74 minuta (ka edhe mendime q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht nj\u00eb histori interesante marketingu). Kapaciteti i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave q\u00eb mund t\u00eb mbahen n\u00eb nj\u00eb disk t\u00eb till\u00eb arriti n\u00eb 640 MB. Inxhinier\u00ebt gjithashtu zhvilluan parametrat e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb z\u00ebrit. P\u00ebr shembull, frekuenca e mostrave t\u00eb sinjaleve stereos u rregullua n\u00eb nivelin 44.1 kHz (p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kanal 22.05 kHz) me nj\u00eb thell\u00ebsi prej 16 bit\u00ebsh. K\u00ebshtu u shfaq standardi Red Book.<\/p>\n

Emri i teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb re nuk u shfaq papritur - ai u zgjodh nga disa variante, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Minirack, Mini Disc, Compact Rack. N\u00eb fund, zhvilluesit e bashkuan dy emra, duke arritur n\u00eb hibridin Compact Disc. Jo pak nga kjo em\u00ebr u zgjodh p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb popullaritetit n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb kasetave audio (teknologjia Compact Cassette<\/a><\/noindex>).<\/p>\n

Philips dhe Sony gjithashtu luajt\u00ebn nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb zhvillimin e specifikimit t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb kompakt-disk\u00ebve dixhital\u00eb, i cili mori emrin Yellow Book ose CD-ROM. Specifikimi i ri lejoi ruajtjen n\u00eb disqe jo vet\u00ebm audio, por edhe t\u00eb dh\u00ebna tekstuale dhe grafike. Identifikimi i llojit t\u00eb diskut dukej automatikisht gjat\u00eb leximit t\u00eb titullit. Problemi ishte se kompakt-disku q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushte standardin Yellow Book mund t\u00eb punonte vet\u00ebm me nj\u00eb tip t\u00eb caktuar t\u00eb ruajt\u00ebsve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk ishin universale.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb 17 gusht 1982, n\u00eb fabrik\u00ebn e Philips n\u00eb qytetin gjerman Langenhagen u prodhua CD-ja e par\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb ishte regjistruar albumi The Visitors<\/a><\/noindex> i grupit ABBA. Duhet theksuar se mbulimi i lakuesh\u00ebm i disqeve t\u00eb para nuk ishte shum\u00eb cil\u00ebsor, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb bler\u00ebsit e kompakt\u00ebve shpesh i d\u00ebmtonin ato. Me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, cil\u00ebsia e disqeve u p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsua. Gjat\u00eb disa viteve t\u00eb para, ato u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn ekskluzivisht n\u00eb pajisje hi-fi, ato u p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn si z\u00ebvend\u00ebsim p\u00ebr pllak\u00ebt vinile dhe kasetat.<\/p>\n

\"Si
\n
\nQ\u00eb nga viti 2000, disqet me kapacitet 700 MB filluan t\u00eb shfaqen n\u00eb treg, duke ofruar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb regjistruar muzik\u00eb me nj\u00eb koh\u00eb totale deri n\u00eb 80 minuta. Ato e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuan plot\u00ebsisht disqet me kapacitet 650 MB. Ka edhe mediume me kapacitet 800 MB, por ato nuk ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha lexuesit, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb k\u00ebto disqe nuk u p\u00ebrhap\u00ebn shum\u00eb. Rritja e kapacitetit p\u00ebr ruajtjen e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave u arrit p\u00ebrmes reduktimit t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs midis kanaleve. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr disqet me kapacitet 650 MB, distanca midis kanaleve \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.7 mikrometra, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr disqet 800 MB ky tregues \u00ebsht\u00eb reduktuar n\u00eb 1.5 mikrometra. Po ashtu, shpejt\u00ebsia e disqeve t\u00eb par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.41 m\/s, kurse e t\u00eb dyt\u00ebve 1.39 m\/s.<\/p>\n

\"Si
\n <\/p>\n

Si funksionon kjo<\/h3>\n

\nDisku p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga disa shtresa. N\u00ebnt\u00ebshkrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb polikarbonat, me trash\u00ebsi 1.2 mm dhe diamet\u00ebr 120 mm. N\u00eb n\u00ebnshkrim vendoset nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u2014 metal (kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ari, argjendi, ose, m\u00eb shpesh \u2014 alumini). M\u00eb pas, shtresa metalike mbrohet me nj\u00eb lyerje, mbi t\u00eb cil\u00ebn vendoset grafika. N\u00ebnt\u00ebshkrimi mbron sigurisht shtres\u00ebn metalike, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb grithjet shum\u00eb t\u00eb thella pengojn\u00eb lexueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb. Diametri i vrim\u00ebs n\u00eb disk \u00ebsht\u00eb 15 mm.<\/p>\n

Formati i ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr disqet \u00ebsht\u00eb Red Book<\/a><\/noindex> (p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin u p\u00ebrmend m\u00eb sip\u00ebr). Gabimet gjat\u00eb leximit korrigjohen p\u00ebrmes kodit t\u00eb Reed-Solomon, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb grithjet e lehta nuk e zvog\u00eblojn\u00eb lexueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e disqeve.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb disk regjistrohen n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb spirale me t\u00eb ashtuquajturat pits (depresione), t\u00eb cilat shtypen n\u00eb baz\u00ebn polikarbonate. Thell\u00ebsia e \u00e7do piti \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 100 nm, gjer\u00ebsia \u2014 500 nm. Gjat\u00ebsia e piteve varion nga 850 nm deri n\u00eb 3.5 mikrometra. Pitet shp\u00ebrndajn\u00eb ose thithin drit\u00ebn, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00ebnshkrimi reflekton. K\u00ebshtu, disku i regjistruar \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull i shk\u00eblqyer i nj\u00eb grilje reflektive difraktive.<\/p>\n

Disku lexohet me nj\u00eb rreze laseri me gjat\u00ebsi vale 780 nm, e cila emetohet nga nj\u00eb lazer gjysm\u00ebp\u00ebr\u00e7ues. Parimi i leximit q\u00ebndron n\u00eb regjistrimin e ndryshimit t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb drit\u00ebs s\u00eb reflektuar. K\u00ebshtu, rreza e lasers p\u00ebrqendrohet n\u00eb shtres\u00ebn informative, diametri i njoll\u00ebs s\u00eb drit\u00ebs n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.2 mikrometra. Signali maksimal regjistrohet midis piteve. N\u00eb rast se rrezeja bie n\u00eb nj\u00eb pit, regjistron nj\u00eb intensitet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt drit\u00eb. Ndryshimet e intensitetit konvertohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb sinjal elektrik, me t\u00eb cilin punon aparatura.<\/p>\n

Si krijohet disku<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n