{"id":30675,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ispolzovanie-teplovyh-potentsialov-dlya-analiza-territorij\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:50","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:50","slug":"ispolzovanie-teplovyh-potentsialov-dlya-analiza-territorij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/ispolzovanie-teplovyh-potentsialov-dlya-analiza-territorij","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebrdorimi i potencialeve termike p\u00ebr analiza territoriale","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nshembuj i kalkulimit t\u00eb potencialit termik p\u00ebr rrjetin rrugor t\u00eb qytetit Nizhny Novgorod<\/i><\/p>\n

Territori i qytetit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem kompleks dhe heterogjen, i ndodhur n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm. T\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruash territorin dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebsh nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb ambientit urban mund t\u00eb arrihet p\u00ebrmes objekteve hap\u00ebsinore (faktor\u00ebve). Faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb territorin jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm sipas natyr\u00ebs s\u00eb ndikimit (pozitiv, negativ) dhe konfiguracionit gjeometrik (pik\u00eb, linj\u00eb, poligon). <\/p>\n

Shpesh, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet shkalla e ndikimit t\u00eb \u00e7do objekti individual n\u00eb nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit si nj\u00eb e t\u00ebr\u00eb ose ndonj\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb tij. Sot, problemi i p\u00ebrcaktimit dhe p\u00ebrshkrimit t\u00eb koncepteve si \"kultura\", \"sfera sociale\", \"tensioni social\", \"jeto e mir\u00eb\", \"zhvillimi ekonomik\", \"sh\u00ebndeti i popullsis\u00eb\" po b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb aktual. Paqart\u00ebsia e k\u00ebtyre koncepteve rritet n\u00ebse duam t'i aplikojm\u00eb ato n\u00eb lidhje me grupe t\u00eb ndryshme sociale, popullsin\u00eb e moshave dhe gjinive t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, duhet t\u00eb theksohet se kufijt\u00eb e qytetit n\u00eb kuptimin modern jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb kushtuar. Migrimi ditor i popullsis\u00eb, aksesueshm\u00ebria e transportit n\u00eb zonat e larg\u00ebta \"shkruan\" kufirin e qytetit edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Termi i p\u00ebrdorur gjer\u00ebsisht aglomerate n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi reflekton kufijt\u00eb e qytetit, por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb e b\u00ebn konceptin e kufirit t\u00eb qytetit edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb paqart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht problemeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara m\u00eb lart, analiza dhe vler\u00ebsimi i territor\u00ebve sot jan\u00eb disa nga drejtat e perspektiv\u00ebs dhe interesante, duke ofruar zgjidhje p\u00ebr shum\u00eb probleme aktuale t\u00eb ambientit urban.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Ky artikull propozon shqyrtimin e nj\u00eb metode p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e territorit duke p\u00ebrdorur modelin \"termik\". N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj metode \u00ebsht\u00eb studimi i potencialeve, t\u00eb krijuara nga objekte (faktor\u00eb) t\u00eb natyrave t\u00eb ndryshme (pikore, linjore dhe sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore). Analiza e territorit me k\u00ebt\u00eb metod\u00eb ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar nga nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash hap\u00ebsinore (faktor\u00ebsh) q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb territorin, n\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb sakt\u00eb numerik (t\u00eb pik\u00ebve) n\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit. <\/p>\n

Potencialet e analizuar gjat\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb territorit kan\u00eb nj\u00eb interpretim fizik \u2013 shp\u00ebrndarja e nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb ambiente me dimensione t\u00eb ndryshme (2D, 3D). Ky fenomen mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsohet n\u00eb form\u00ebn e imazheve 't\u00eb nxehta' ('hartave t\u00eb nxehta' t\u00eb territorit), q\u00eb japin nj\u00eb ide p\u00ebr nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb ngjyr\u00ebs s\u00eb imazhit. <\/p>\n

Faktor\u00ebt e territorit<\/b><\/h3>\n

Analiza e territorit n\u00ebnkupton k\u00ebrkimin dhe p\u00ebrpunimin e informacionit rreth faktor\u00ebve q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb territor dhe indikator\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre. Faktor\u00ebt e ndikimit p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb objekte q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb territorin p\u00ebrreth, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb nj\u00eb grup karakteristikash dhe koordinata hap\u00ebsinore. Shembuj t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb ndikimit mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb dyqanet, objektet industriale, rrug\u00ebt, pyjet, objektet ujore.<\/p>\n

Indikator\u00ebt e ndikimit jan\u00eb objekte q\u00eb reflektojn\u00eb<\/i> ndikimin e objekteve dhe gjithashtu kan\u00eb nj\u00eb grup karakteristikash dhe koordinata hap\u00ebsinore. Shembuj t\u00eb indikator\u00ebve t\u00eb ndikimit: bankomatet, shenjat reklamuese, monumentet.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb paraqitjet e m\u00ebpasshme do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim termi faktor\u00eb t\u00eb ndikimit, duke bashkuar t\u00eb dy termat \u2013 faktor\u00ebt dhe indikator\u00ebt e ndikimit.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb posht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave hap\u00ebsinore, t\u00eb cilat sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si faktor\u00eb ndikimi.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\n
\nNj\u00eb nga fazat ky\u00e7e t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebve mbi analiz\u00ebn e territoreve \u00ebsht\u00eb faza e mbledhjes dhe p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb informacionit fillestar. Aktualisht, ka mjaft informacion rreth faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb ndikimit n\u00eb territor me nivele t\u00eb ndryshme detaje. <\/p>\n

Informacioni mund t\u00eb merret nga burime t\u00eb hapura ose burime me qasje t\u00eb kufizuar. N\u00eb shum\u00eb raste, informacioni i hapur \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn, edhe pse, zakonisht, k\u00ebrkon p\u00ebrpunim mjaft pun\u00ebtor.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb mes burimeve t\u00eb hapura, lider \u00ebsht\u00eb, sipas mendimit ton\u00eb, burimi \u2014 OpenStreetMap (OSM). Informacioni q\u00eb merret nga kjo burim p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet \u00e7do dit\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Informacioni i burimit OpenStreetMap (OSM) \u00ebsht\u00eb i prezantuar n\u00eb formatet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n

\u2014 Formati OSM. Formati kryesor me zgjerim '.osm' p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar imazhet grafike, XML \u2013 nyjat, rrug\u00ebt, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet.<\/p>\n

\u2014 'Formati polak'. Nj\u00eb format tekstual me zgjerim '.mp' p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr pun\u00eb me grafik\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Formati PBF. Formati i ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me zgjerim '.osm.pbf'.<\/p>\n

Si burime informacioni gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren:<\/p>\n

\u2014 2GIS<\/b>
\nBurimi p\u00ebrmban informacion t\u00eb kualitetit t\u00eb lart\u00eb, i p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsuar \u00e7do muaj, me nj\u00eb klasifikues t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer 3-niv\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet dhe organizatat. <\/p>\n

\u2014 Skedar\u00ebt KML (Keyhole Markup Language)<\/b>
\nSkedar\u00ebt KML (Keyhole Markup Language) jan\u00eb nj\u00eb format skedari q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb paraqitur t\u00eb dh\u00ebna gjeografike n\u00eb programet Google Planet, Hartat Google dhe Hartat Google p\u00ebr pajisjet mobile. <\/p>\n

Me skedar\u00ebt KML mund t\u00eb:
\n \u2014 vendosni simbole t\u00eb ndryshme dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebni mbishkrime p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar vende n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e Tok\u00ebs
\n \u2014 krijoni k\u00ebnde t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr objektet e zgjedhura, duke ndryshuar pozit\u00ebn e kamer\u00ebs
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrdorni imazhe t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb mbivendosura
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrcaktoni stile p\u00ebr t\u00eb personalizuar paraqitjen e objektit, aplikoni kodin HTML p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar hiperlidhje dhe imazhe t\u00eb integruara
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrdorni dosje p\u00ebr grupimin hierarkik t\u00eb elementeve
\n \u2014 merrni dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoni skedar\u00ebt KML nga nodet e rrjetit t\u00eb larg\u00ebt ose lokal
\n \u2014 merrni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna KML n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me ndryshimet n\u00eb mjetin e pamjes tridimensionale<\/p>\n

\u2014 Sh\u00ebrbimi Federal i Regjistrimit Shtet\u00ebror, Kadastr\u00ebs dhe Kartografis\u00eb 'Rosreestr'<\/b>
\nInformacioni n\u00eb portalin e Rosreestr-it \u00ebsht\u00eb i vlefsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmbajtjen dhe aktualitetin e saj, por, fatkeq\u00ebsisht, nuk ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb grafik\u00eb mbi objektet e nd\u00ebrtimit kapital dhe tokat pa pages\u00eb. Portali i Rosreestr-it gjithashtu ka nj\u00eb volum t\u00eb madh informacioni me akses t\u00eb kufizuar.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Organe statistikore<\/b>
\nT\u00eb dh\u00ebnat statistikore jan\u00eb nj\u00eb burim legjitim informacioni p\u00ebr territorin, megjithat\u00eb, aktualisht t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e organeve statistikore jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb caktuar treguesish, kryesisht n\u00eb raportet e organeve statistikore dhe raportet e qeveris\u00eb rajonale.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Sistemet informacioni t\u00eb organeve t\u00eb qeverisjes<\/b>
\nInformacioni i kualitetit gjendet n\u00eb sistemet informacioni t\u00eb organeve t\u00eb qeverisjes, megjithat\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e vog\u00ebl e tyre publikohet n\u00eb akses t\u00eb hapur dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Analiza e territoreve nuk v\u00eb ndonj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e informacionit, n\u00eb thelb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur, informacioni nga burime t\u00eb lira zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb i nd\u00ebrvepruesh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb theksohet se edhe informacioni i vet\u00ebm i marr\u00eb nga burimi OSM \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb teritor t\u00eb panjohur.<\/p>\n

Analiza e territorit duke p\u00ebrdorur modelin \"t\u00eb nxehtit\". Interpretimi fizik i potencialeve.<\/b><\/h3>\n

Si\u00e7 u tha m\u00eb par\u00eb, analiza e territorit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb aktuale dhe nj\u00eb mjet i fuqish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr investime t\u00eb argumentuara n\u00eb zhvillimin e Infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb mjediseve t\u00eb ndryshme urbane.<\/p>\n

Diversiteti i detyrave q\u00eb zgjidhen me an\u00eb t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb territoreve mund t\u00eb grupohen n\u00eb disa drejtime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. <\/p>\n

\u2014 Marrja e nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsimi sa m\u00eb t\u00eb interpretuar dhe t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb territorit n\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb tij.
\nDuke zgjidhur detyr\u00ebn e vendosur, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb merret nj\u00eb grup vlerash me pik\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit, duke ofruar nj\u00eb paraqitje t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, si dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. Nj\u00eb fush\u00eb e till\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, kultura, industria, tregtia, etj. <\/p>\n

\u2014 P\u00ebrcaktimi i vendeve m\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme p\u00ebr vendosjen e objekteve investuese t\u00eb nj\u00eb lloji t\u00eb caktuar (p\u00ebr shembuj, banka, dyqane profesionale, qendra tregtare dhe arg\u00ebtuese, etj.) n\u00eb territorin e zgjedhur.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Analiza e p\u00ebrdorimit m\u00eb efektiv t\u00eb territorit.
\nKy drejtim lejon kryerjen e nj\u00eb studimi t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb karakteristikave t\u00eb territorit, situat\u00ebs s\u00eb tregut q\u00eb ka dal\u00eb n\u00eb territorin e hulumtuar, identifikimin e mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuara. <\/p>\n

\u2014 P\u00ebrcaktimi i kontributit t\u00eb nj\u00eb faktori n\u00eb modelin e kostos, p\u00ebr shembull, shfaqja e rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb reja dhe rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb reja. <\/p>\n

\u2014 Analiza e aspekteve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb nj\u00eb territori dhe analiza e territoreve t\u00eb ndryshme (krahasimi i territoreve).<\/p>\n

Originaliteti i metod\u00ebs s\u00eb propozuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e territorit duke p\u00ebrdorur modelin \"t\u00eb nxehtit\" q\u00ebndron n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e treguesve t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit \u2014 potencialeve, t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb shprehje numerike dhe q\u00eb pasqyrojn\u00eb shkall\u00ebn e ndikimit t\u00eb objektit (faktorit t\u00eb ndikimit) n\u00eb territor.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar thelbin e studimit, duhet t\u00eb themi disa fjal\u00eb rreth potencialit termik, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb atij nj\u00eb interpretim fizik.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fizik\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb termat si fusha e forc\u00ebs<\/i> dhe funksioni i forc\u00ebs<\/i>. Fusha e forc\u00ebs ka dimensionin e energjis\u00eb, funksioni i forc\u00ebs ka dimensionin e forc\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ligjin e gravitetit universal, fusha e forc\u00ebs definohet me formul\u00ebn:<\/p>\n

F=k\/r2, ku
\nk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb konstant\u00eb;
\nr \u00ebsht\u00eb distanca midis objekteve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprim.<\/p>\n

Funksioni i forc\u00ebs \u03d5 p\u00ebrcaktohet me shprehjen: <\/p>\n

d\u03d5=-F*dr, ku
\n\u03d5 \u00ebsht\u00eb potenciali i fush\u00ebs s\u00eb forc\u00ebs;
\nd\u03d5, dr jan\u00eb diferenciat;
\nr \u00ebsht\u00eb distanca midis objekteve n\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprim,<\/p>\n

prandaj \u03d5=k\/r. <\/p>\n

Kuptimi fizik i potencialit t\u00eb fush\u00ebs s\u00eb forc\u00ebs \u03d5 \u00ebsht\u00eb puna E, e kryer nga fusha e forc\u00ebs gjat\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb rruge t\u00eb caktuar. N\u00eb rastin e ligjit t\u00eb gravitetit universal, gjat\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb distanc\u00ebs deri te objekti nga r2 n\u00eb r1, funksioni i forc\u00ebs p\u00ebrcaktohet me formul\u00ebn<\/p>\n

E=k*(1\/r1-1\/r2), ku
\nE \u00ebsht\u00eb puna, e kryer nga fusha e forc\u00ebs gjat\u00eb kalimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb rruge;
\nr1, r2 jan\u00eb pozita fillestare dhe p\u00ebrfundimtare t\u00eb objektit. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr problemin e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb territorit, ndikimi i objekteve (faktor\u00ebve) n\u00eb territor mund t\u00eb konsiderohet si forc\u00eb (funksioni i forc\u00ebs<\/i>), nd\u00ebrsa niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit si potenciali termik total (fusha e forc\u00ebs<\/i>) nga t\u00eb gjitha objektet (faktor\u00ebt). N\u00eb problemet e fizik\u00ebs, potenciali termik \u00ebsht\u00eb temperatura, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb problemet e analizave t\u00eb territorit duke p\u00ebrdorur modelin \"termik\", potenciali p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson ndikimin total t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha faktor\u00ebve n\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit. <\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat hap\u00ebsinore p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga pika, linja, poligone. P\u00ebr t\u00eb llogaritur potencialet, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat hap\u00ebsinore t\u00eb gjat\u00eb ndahen n\u00eb fragmente t\u00eb vogla. P\u00ebr secil\u00ebn fragment llogaritet potenciali nga pika me nj\u00eb faktor t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e fragmentit t\u00eb objektit (faktorit). <\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat ndahen n\u00eb grupe semantike sipas parimit t\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb af\u00ebrt. P\u00ebr shembull, objektet tregtare jan\u00eb t\u00eb grupuara sipas produkteve. Ekzistojn\u00eb grupe objektesh pyjore, ujore, vendbanimesh, ndalesash transporti etj. Grupi i bashkuar sipas kuptimit p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb faktor. Duke kaluar p\u00ebrmes t\u00eb gjitha objekteve (faktor\u00ebve), merrni nj\u00eb grup potencialesh termike, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunim t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i potencialeve (\u00abhartave termike\u00bb) lejon kalimin nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat hap\u00ebsinore n\u00eb imazhe \u00abtermike\u00bb t\u00eb objekteve (faktor\u00ebve) q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb territor (vizualizimi i potencialeve). Ky kalim ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar shkall\u00ebn e pranis\u00eb s\u00eb faktor\u00ebve n\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer analiz\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme, dmth. t\u00eb visualizohen drejtimet e ndryshme t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb qytetit n\u00eb ngjyr\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, do t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb shk\u00eblqim t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm p\u00ebr \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit.<\/p>\n

Shembuj t\u00eb imazheve \u00abtermike\u00bb t\u00eb territorit t\u00eb qytetit t\u00eb Nizhny Novgorod p\u00ebr disa faktor\u00eb jan\u00eb paraqitur m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nHart\u00eb \u00abtermike\u00bb e qytetit N. Novgorod, q\u00eb pasqyron faktorin \u00abRrjeti i farmacive\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nHart\u00eb \u00abtermike\u00bb e qytetit N. Novgorod, q\u00eb pasqyron faktorin \u00abPoliklinikat p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nHart\u00eb \u00abtermike\u00bb e qytetit N. Novgorod, q\u00eb pasqyron faktorin \u00abPoliklinikat p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nHart\u00eb \u00abtermike\u00bb e qytetit N. Novgorod, q\u00eb pasqyron faktorin \u00abZonat industriale\u00bb<\/i><\/p>\n

Imazhet \u00abtermike\u00bb t\u00eb territorit lejojn\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet koncentrimi i potencialeve nga objekte t\u00eb ndryshme ndikimi. M\u00eb pas, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb bashkohen potencialet e marra n\u00eb nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb t\u00eb integruar, q\u00eb lejon vler\u00ebsimin e territorit sipas nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh faktor\u00ebsh. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, nevojitet nj\u00eb metod\u00eb q\u00eb lejon analizimin e nj\u00eb volumi t\u00eb madh informacioni, njihni objekte dhe gjithashtu reduktoni dimensionin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, duke humbur sa m\u00eb pak informacion. Nj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto metoda \u00ebsht\u00eb analiza e komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb (Principal component analysis, PCA). M\u00eb shum\u00eb mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb metod\u00eb mund t\u00eb lexoni n\u00eb Wikipedia<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Thelbi i metod\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetja e nj\u00eb kombinimi linear t\u00eb parametrave fillestar\u00eb, q\u00eb ndryshon m\u00eb fort n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e analiz\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat hap\u00ebsinore \u2013 ndryshimi m\u00eb i madh n\u00eb territor.<\/p>\n

Metoda e komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb identifikon objekte (faktor\u00eb) q\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb territor. Si rezultat i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb metod\u00ebs, krijohen variabla t\u00eb rinj \u2013 komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb, q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb informues n\u00eb krahasim me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat fillestare, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt leht\u00ebsojn\u00eb analizimin, p\u00ebrshkrimin dhe visualizimin e territorit, duke leht\u00ebsuar nd\u00ebrtimin e modeleve. <\/p>\n

Komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb shprehje analitike - shum\u00ebn e potencialeve t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve burimor\u00eb me disa koeficient\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb faktor ka nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb territor, por nuk ndryshon n\u00eb territorin e analizuar, metoda e komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faktor n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb renditen sipas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb informacionit \u2013 dmth, p\u00ebrhapjes n\u00eb territor. Komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb mbajn\u00eb brenda nj\u00eb informacioni shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madh se faktor\u00ebt e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb mir\u00eb territorin. Zakonisht, kur p\u00ebrdoren rreth nj\u00ebqind faktor\u00eb, komponenti i par\u00eb kryesor mban rreth 50% t\u00eb gjith\u00eb informacionit (diskrezionit) n\u00eb territor. Komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb nuk korrelacionohen me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr modelet si karakteristika t\u00eb territorit n\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Komponenti kryesor, si nj\u00eb tregues i llogaritur abstraktisht p\u00ebr territorin, nuk ka nj\u00eb em\u00ebr dhe klasifikim t\u00eb qart\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, grumbulli i faktor\u00ebve q\u00eb korrelacionojn\u00eb fort me komponentin kryesor lejon interpretimin e komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb. Zakonisht, me komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb korrelacionojn\u00eb faktor\u00ebt e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm: <\/p>\n

\u2014 niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs;
\n \u2014 komponenti transportues i territorit;
\n \u2014 zonat klimatike;
\n \u2014 niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb;
\n \u2014 potenciali ekonomik i territorit.<\/p>\n

Analiza e m\u00ebtejshme, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb grumbullimin, vazhdon me disa nga komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb figura mund t\u00eb shihni shfaqjen grafike t\u00eb komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb territorin e disa qyteteve t\u00eb Federat\u00ebs Ruse.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane n\u00eb N. Novgorod.<\/i> <\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane n\u00eb Ekaterinburg.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane n\u00eb Kazan.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane n\u00eb Perm.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane n\u00eb Samara.<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane n\u00eb Khabarovsk.<\/i><\/p>\n

Karakteristikat integrale: grumbullimi<\/b><\/h3>\n

Faza e m\u00ebtejshme e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb territoreve p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson procesin e k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb zonave t\u00eb mjedisit urban, t\u00eb homogjene sipas cil\u00ebsis\u00eb. Ky k\u00ebrkim bazohet n\u00eb analiz\u00ebn e vlerave t\u00eb komponenteve kryesore n\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit. Detyra e identifikimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre zonave homogjene mund t\u00eb zgjidhet p\u00ebrmes grumbullimit \u2013 nj\u00eb proces q\u00eb grupon territoret sipas af\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb karakteristikave t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta. <\/p>\n

Grumbullimi i territoreve ndjek dy objektiva:<\/p>\n

\u2014 krijimin e nj\u00eb vizualizimi m\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb territorit;
\n \u2014 identifikimin e zonave p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e modeleve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta.<\/p>\n

Territet grumbullohen sipas faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb zgjedhur p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb. K\u00ebta faktor\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb faktor\u00eb q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb formimin e \u00e7mimeve ose faktor\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb ndonj\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit, p\u00ebr shembull, sfer\u00ebn sociale. <\/p>\n

Ekzistojn\u00eb dy metoda klasike t\u00eb zakonshme p\u00ebr grumbullim: metoda K-means dhe metoda e dendrogramit. Kur punoni me territore, metoda K-means ka treguar performanc\u00eb t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht duke iu bashkuar objektivave t\u00eb reja me pikat e rritjes. Avantazhi i metod\u00ebs K-means \u00ebsht\u00eb se ajo funksionon n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me procesin natyror t\u00eb formimit t\u00eb territoreve: integron t\u00eb ngjashmit, dhe jo ndan t\u00eb paaf\u00ebrt.<\/p>\n

Me metod\u00ebn K-means jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb llogaritjet p\u00ebr Nizhny Novgorod (ilustrimi m\u00eb posht\u00eb).<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nP\u00ebrputhja e grupeve me nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit n\u00eb shembullin e qytetit Nizhny Novgorod<\/i><\/p>\n

Me qasjen e propozuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb merret nj\u00eb ide p\u00ebr territorin n\u00eb tema t\u00eb ndryshme. Temat q\u00eb na interesojn\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane, niveli i \"elit\u00ebs\" s\u00eb territorit, niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs, p\u00ebrb\u00ebrja sociale e zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit. K\u00ebto tema jan\u00eb koncepte integrale t\u00eb keqdefinuara dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhur.<\/p>\n

Me nj\u00eb algorit\u00ebm t\u00eb caktuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e parametrave p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb (duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb angazhimin e ekspert\u00ebve), ne do t\u00eb marrim karta tematike q\u00eb e paraqesin nj\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebn karakteristikat integrale kuptojm\u00eb komponentet e para kryesore, para s\u00eb gjithash komponentin m\u00eb informues t\u00eb par\u00eb kryesor, dhe grumbullimin e territoreve sipas parametrave t\u00eb zgjedhur. <\/p>\n

Hartat tematike t\u00eb komponenteve t\u00eb para kryesore mbi aspekte t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb zhvillimit jan\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb figurat m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nHarta tematike \"Objektet e kultur\u00ebs\" p\u00ebr shembullin e qytetit N. Novgorod<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nHarta tematike \"Sfera sociale\" p\u00ebr shembullin e qytetit N. Novgorod<\/i><\/p>\n

Karakteristikat integrale ofrojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar karakteristikat e territorit, duke operuar me shum\u00eb faktor\u00eb me humbje minimale t\u00eb informacionit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, duhet t\u00eb theksohet edhe nj\u00eb her\u00eb se analiza e territoreve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faz\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb zgjidhjen e problemeve t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb ambientit urban, zgjedhjes s\u00eb vendeve p\u00ebr investim n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim, k\u00ebrkimin e vendndodhjes m\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme t\u00eb objekteve t\u00eb reja dhe detyrave t\u00eb tjera. <\/p>\n

Metoda e propozuar n\u00eb artikull p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e territorit duke p\u00ebrdorur modelin \"termik\" nga faktor\u00eb t\u00eb natyrave t\u00eb ndryshme nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kritike p\u00ebr p\u00ebrzgjedhjen e faktor\u00ebve, pra nuk vendos kufizime dhe k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr informacionin burimor.<\/p>\n

Diversiteti dhe teprica e informacionit burimor, si dhe mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb hapura ofron perspektiva t\u00eb pakufizuara p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e \u00e7do territori<\/i> t\u00eb bot\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb publikimet q\u00eb vijn\u00eb, t\u00eb dedikuara p\u00ebr detyrat e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb territoreve, planifikojm\u00eb t\u00eb zbulojm\u00eb ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e modelimit duke p\u00ebrdorur komponentet kryesore dhe metodat e realizimit t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr detyra t\u00eb tilla si: <\/p>\n

\u2014 zgjedhja e vendit m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr vendosjen e nj\u00eb objekti t\u00eb ri;
\n \u2014 nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe \u00e7mimi p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kategori t\u00eb caktuar objektesh duke p\u00ebrdorur vler\u00ebn e tregut;
\n -vler\u00ebsimi i p\u00ebrfitimeve t\u00eb nj\u00eb aktiviteti t\u00eb caktuar n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb vendndodhjes s\u00eb objekteve.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, kemi n\u00eb plan t\u00eb prezantojm\u00eb metodat e kalimit prapa nga komponentet kryesore n\u00eb faktor\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb lejon n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00eb nj\u00eb model nga faktor\u00ebt p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb territor.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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