{"id":30675,"date":"2019-10-31T21:36:50","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/ispolzovanie-teplovyh-potentsialov-dlya-analiza-territorij\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:36:50","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:36:50","slug":"ispolzovanie-teplovyh-potentsialov-dlya-analiza-territorij","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/novosti-interneta\/ispolzovanie-teplovyh-potentsialov-dlya-analiza-territorij","title":{"rendered":"P\u00ebrdorimi i potencialeve t\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e territoreve.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nShembulli i llogaritjes s\u00eb potencialit t\u00eb nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr rrjetin urban t\u00eb qytetit t\u00eb Nizhni Novgorod<\/i><\/p>\n

Territori i qytetit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem kompleks, heterogjen, q\u00eb ndodhet n\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm. P\u00ebrshkrimi i territorit dhe vler\u00ebsimi i mjedisit urban mund t\u00eb realizohet p\u00ebrmes objekteve hap\u00ebsinore (faktor\u00ebve). Faktor\u00ebt, q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb territorin, ndryshojn\u00eb sipas karakterit t\u00eb ndikimit (pozitiv, negativ) dhe form\u00ebs geometrike (pik\u00eb, linj\u00eb, poligon). <\/p>\n

Shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet shkalla e ndikimit t\u00eb \u00e7do objekti t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb mbi nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi ose n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb tij. Aktualisht, problemi i p\u00ebrcaktimit dhe p\u00ebrshkrimit t\u00eb koncepteve si 'kultura', 'sfera sociale', 'tensioni social', 'jet\u00eb e mir\u00eb', 'zhvillimi ekonomik', 'sh\u00ebndeti i popullsis\u00eb' po b\u00ebhet gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. Paqart\u00ebsia e k\u00ebtyre koncepteve rritet n\u00ebse duam t'i aplikojm\u00eb ato n\u00eb lidhje me grupe t\u00eb ndryshme sociale, popullat\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb mosh\u00eb dhe gjini.<\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, duhet theksuar se kufijt\u00eb e qytetit n\u00eb kuptimin modern jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuar. Migrimi i popullsis\u00eb gjat\u00eb dit\u00ebs, aksesibiliteti i trafikut n\u00eb zonat e larg\u00ebta 'shkrijn\u00eb kufirin' e qytetit edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Koncepti i aglomeratave, i p\u00ebrdorur gjer\u00ebsisht tani, p\u00ebrmbledh n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi kufijt\u00eb e qytetit, por n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb e b\u00ebn konceptin e kufirit t\u00eb qytetit edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb paqart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht problemeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, analiza dhe vler\u00ebsimi i territoreve sot jan\u00eb disa nga drejtimet e perspektiv\u00ebs dhe interesant q\u00eb lejojn\u00eb zgjidhjen e shum\u00eb problemeve t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb mjedisit urban.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Ky artikull propozon nj\u00eb metod\u00eb analize t\u00eb territorit duke p\u00ebrdorur modelin 'nxehtor'. Ky metod \u00ebsht\u00eb i bazuar n\u00eb studimin e potencialeve t\u00eb krijuara nga objekte (faktor\u00eb) t\u00eb natyrave t\u00eb ndryshme (pikore, linjore dhe sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore). Analiza e territorit me ndihm\u00ebn e k\u00ebsaj metode mund\u00ebson kalimin nga nj\u00eb grup t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash hap\u00ebsinore (faktor\u00ebsh) q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb territorin, n\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb sakt\u00eb numerik (n\u00eb pik\u00eb) n\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit. <\/p>\n

Potencialet e studiuara n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb territorit kan\u00eb nj\u00eb interpretim fizik - shp\u00ebrndarja e nxeht\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb mjedise me dimensione t\u00eb ndryshme (2D, 3D). Ky fenomen mund t\u00eb paraqitet n\u00eb form\u00ebn e pamjeve 'nxehtore' ('hartave' termike t\u00eb territorit), q\u00eb japin nj\u00eb ide mbi shkall\u00ebn e zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb ngjyr\u00ebs s\u00eb pamjes. <\/p>\n

Faktor\u00ebt e territorit<\/b><\/h3>\n

Analiza e territorit n\u00ebnkupton k\u00ebrkimin dhe p\u00ebrpunimin e informacionit mbi faktor\u00ebt e ndikimit n\u00eb territor dhe mbi indikator\u00ebt e tyre. Faktor\u00ebt e ndikimit jan\u00eb objekte q\u00eb ndikon n\u00eb territorin p\u00ebrreth, duke pasur nj\u00eb grup karakteristikash dhe koordinatash hap\u00ebsinore. Shembuj t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb ndikimit mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb dyqanet, objektet industriale, rrug\u00ebt, pyjet, objektet akvatike.<\/p>\n

Indikator\u00ebt e ndikimit jan\u00eb objekte, q\u00eb pasqyrojn\u00eb<\/i> ndikimin e objekteve dhe gjithashtu kan\u00eb nj\u00eb grup karakteristikash dhe koordinatash hap\u00ebsinore. Shembuj t\u00eb indikator\u00ebve t\u00eb ndikimit: ATM, tabela reklamuese, monumente.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vazhdimin e p\u00ebrshkrimit do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim termin faktor\u00eb ndikimi, i cili p\u00ebrfshin t\u00eb dy termin\u00ebt - faktor\u00ebt dhe indikator\u00ebt e ndikimit.<\/p>\n

M\u00eb posht\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave hap\u00ebsinore q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb si faktor\u00eb ndikimi.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\n
\nNj\u00eb nga etapat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb pun\u00ebve p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e territoreve \u00ebsht\u00eb etapa e mbledhjes dhe p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb informacionit fillestar. Sot, informacioni mbi faktor\u00ebt e ndikimit n\u00eb territor me nivel t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm detaji \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i bollsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

Informacioni mund t\u00eb merret nga burime t\u00eb hapura ose burime me qasje t\u00eb kufizuar. N\u00eb shum\u00eb raste, informacioni i hapur \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb, si rregull, ai ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpunim t\u00eb pun\u00ebtoris\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb lodhshme.<\/p>\n

Mes burimeve t\u00eb hapura, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs, sipas mendimit ton\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb burimi - OpenStreetMap (OSM). Informacioni q\u00eb merret nga kjo burim p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohet n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

Informacioni i burimit OpenStreetMap (OSM) paraqitet n\u00eb formatet e m\u00ebposhtme:<\/p>\n

\u2014 Formati OSM. Formati kryesor me zgjerimin '.osm' p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshkrimin e imazheve grafike XML - nyje, rrug\u00eb, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie.<\/p>\n

\u2014 'Formati polak'. Formati tekstual me zgjerimin '.mp' p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn me grafik\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Formati PBF. Formati i ruajtjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me zgjerimin '.osm.pbf'.<\/p>\n

Si burime informacionesh gjithashtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren:<\/p>\n

\u2014 2GIS<\/b>
\nBurimi p\u00ebrmban informacion t\u00eb kualitetit t\u00eb lart\u00eb, i p\u00ebrpunuar \u00e7do muaj, me nj\u00eb klasifikues t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer n\u00eb 3 nivele p\u00ebr sip\u00ebrmarrjet dhe organizatat. <\/p>\n

\u2014 skedar\u00ebt KML (Keyhole Markup Language)<\/b>
\nSkedar\u00ebt KML (Keyhole Markup Language) jan\u00eb nj\u00eb format filesh q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur t\u00eb dh\u00ebna gjeografike n\u00eb programe si Google Earth, Google Maps dhe Google Maps p\u00ebr celular\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Me skedar\u00ebt KML, mund t\u00eb:
\n \u2014 vendosni simbole t\u00eb ndryshme dhe t\u00eb shtoni etiketat p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar vende n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e Tok\u00ebs
\n \u2014 krijoni perspektiva t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr objektet e p\u00ebrzgjedhura, duke ndryshuar pozitat e kamer\u00ebs
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrdorni imazhe t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb mbivendosura
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrcaktoni stile p\u00ebr t\u00eb rregulluar shfaqjen e objektit, t\u00eb aplikoni kodin HTML p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar hiperlidhje dhe imazhe t\u00eb integruara
\n \u2014 p\u00ebrdorni dosje p\u00ebr grupimin hijeorik t\u00eb elementeve
\n \u2014 merrni dhe p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsoni skedar\u00ebt KML n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb dinamike nga nodet e larg\u00ebta ose lokale t\u00eb rrjetit
\n \u2014 merrni t\u00eb dh\u00ebna KML n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me ndryshimet n\u00eb mjetin e shikimit 3D<\/p>\n

\u2014 Sh\u00ebrbimi Federal i Regjistrimit Shtet\u00ebror, Kadastr\u00ebs dhe Kartografis\u00eb \u00abRosreestr\u00bb<\/b>
\nInformacioni n\u00eb portalin Rosreestr \u00ebsht\u00eb i vlefsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmbajtjen dhe aktualitetin e tij, por, fatkeq\u00ebsisht, nuk ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb grafik\u00eb mbi objektet e nd\u00ebrtimit dhe tokat n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb pa pages\u00eb. Portali Rosreestr gjithashtu p\u00ebrmban nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe informacioni me qasje t\u00eb kufizuar.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Organe statistikore<\/b>
\nT\u00eb dh\u00ebnat statistikore jan\u00eb nj\u00eb burim legjitim informacioni p\u00ebr territorin, por aktualisht t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat nga organet statistikore jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr disa tregues, kryesisht n\u00eb raportet e organeve statistikore dhe raportet e autoriteteve rajonale.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Sistemet informacioni t\u00eb organeve qeveritare<\/b>
\nInformacioni cil\u00ebsor gjendet n\u00eb sistemet informacioni t\u00eb organeve qeveritare, por vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e vog\u00ebl e tij publikohet n\u00eb qasje t\u00eb hapur dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e disponueshme p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Analiza e territoreve nuk vendos ndonj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar p\u00ebr p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e informacionit; n\u00eb thelb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetur, informacioni nga burimet e hapura n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb i nd\u00ebrvepruesh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, duhet theksuar se madje vet\u00ebm informacioni i marra nga burimi OSM \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb territori t\u00eb panjohur.<\/p>\n

Analiza e territorit duke p\u00ebrdorur modelin 'termos'. Interpretimi fizik i potencialeve<\/b><\/h3>\n

Si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb par\u00eb, analiza e territorit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tem\u00eb aktuale dhe nj\u00eb mjet t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr investime n\u00eb zhvillimin e infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb ambienteve urbane t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Disa detyra q\u00eb zgjidhen p\u00ebrmes analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb territoreve mund t\u00eb grupohen n\u00eb disa drejtime kryesore: <\/p>\n

\u2014 Marrja e nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsimi sa m\u00eb t\u00eb interpretuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb detajuar p\u00ebr territorin n\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb tij.
\nDuke zgjidhur detyr\u00ebn e parashtruar, mund t\u00eb merrni nj\u00eb grup vlerash n\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit, q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb paraqitje mbi nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi, si dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. Nj\u00eb fush\u00eb e till\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, kultura, industria, tregtia, etj. <\/p>\n

\u2014 P\u00ebrcaktimi i vendeve m\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme p\u00ebr vendosjen e objekteve t\u00eb investimeve t\u00eb nj\u00eb tipi t\u00eb caktuar (p\u00ebr shembull, banka, dyqane profesionale, qendra tregtare dhe arg\u00ebtuese, etj.) n\u00eb territorin e zgjedhur.<\/p>\n

\u2014 Analiza e p\u00ebrdorimit m\u00eb efikas t\u00eb territorit.
\nKy drejtim lejon kryerjen e nj\u00eb hulumtimi t\u00eb detajuar p\u00ebr karakteristikat e territorit, situat\u00ebn e tregut t\u00eb krijuar n\u00eb territorin e studiuar, identifikimin e opsioneve t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuara. <\/p>\n

\u2014 P\u00ebrcaktimi i kontributeve t\u00eb nj\u00eb faktori n\u00eb modelin e vler\u00ebs, duke ilustruar shembuj si shfaqja e rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb reja dhe korridoreve t\u00eb reja. <\/p>\n

\u2014 Analiza e aspekteve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb nj\u00eb territori dhe analiza e territoreve t\u00eb ndryshme (krahasimi i territoreve).<\/p>\n

Origjinaliteti i metod\u00ebs s\u00eb propozuar n\u00eb artikull p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e territorit duke p\u00ebrdorur modelin 'termos' q\u00ebndron n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e treguesve t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit \u2014 potencialeve, t\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb shprehje numerike dhe q\u00eb reflektojn\u00eb grad\u00ebn e ndikimit t\u00eb objektit (faktorit t\u00eb ndikimit) n\u00eb territor.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar thelbin e k\u00ebrkimit, duhet t\u00eb themi disa fjal\u00eb rreth vet\u00eb potencialit termik, duke e dh\u00ebn\u00eb interpretimin e tij fizik.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb fizik\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb nocione t\u00eb tilla si fusha e forc\u00ebs<\/i> dhe funksioni i forc\u00ebs<\/i>. Fusha e forc\u00ebs ka dimension energjie, funksioni i forc\u00ebs \u2013 dimensionin e forc\u00ebs. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr ligjin e gravitacionit universale, fusha e forc\u00ebs p\u00ebrcaktohet nga formula:<\/p>\n

F=k\/r2, ku
\nk \u2013 konstant\u00eb;
\nr \u2013 distanca midis objekteve q\u00eb interagojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Funksioni i forc\u00ebs \u03d5 p\u00ebrcaktohet nga shprehja: <\/p>\n

d\u03d5=-F*dr, ku
\n\u03d5 \u2014 potenciali i fush\u00ebs s\u00eb forc\u00ebs;
\nd\u03d5, dr \u2013 diferencialet;
\nr \u2014 distanca midis objekteve q\u00eb interagojn\u00eb,<\/p>\n

prandaj \u03d5=k\/r. <\/p>\n

Kuptimi fizik i potencialit t\u00eb fush\u00ebs s\u00eb forc\u00ebs \u03d5 \u00ebsht\u00eb puna E, e kryer nga fusha e forc\u00ebs gjat\u00eb kalimit p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rruge t\u00eb caktuar. N\u00eb rastin e ligjit t\u00eb gravitetit universal, kur ndryshon distanca deri te objekti nga r2 n\u00eb r1, funksioni i forc\u00ebs p\u00ebrcaktohet sipas formul\u00ebs<\/p>\n

E=k*(1\/r1-1\/r2), ku
\nE \u00ebsht\u00eb puna e kryer nga fusha e forc\u00ebs gjat\u00eb kalimit p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb rruge;
\nr1, r2 jan\u00eb pozita fillestare dhe p\u00ebrfundimtare e objektit. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr detyr\u00ebn e analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb territorit, ndikimi i objekteve (faktor\u00ebve) mbi territorin mund t\u00eb konsiderohet si forc\u00eb (funksioni i forc\u00ebs<\/i>), nd\u00ebrsa niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit si potenciali i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm termik (fusha e forc\u00ebs<\/i>) nga t\u00eb gjitha objektet (faktor\u00ebt). N\u00eb detyrat e fizik\u00ebs, potenciali termik \u00ebsht\u00eb temperatura, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb detyrat e analizave t\u00eb territoreve q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin modelin 'termik', potenciali paraqet ndikimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha faktor\u00ebve mbi nj\u00eb pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit. <\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat hap\u00ebsinore p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb pika, linja, poligone. P\u00ebr llogaritjen e potencialeve, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat hap\u00ebsinore t\u00eb zgjatura p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb fragmente t\u00eb vogla. P\u00ebr \u00e7do fragment, llogaritet potenciali nga pika me faktor t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me madh\u00ebsin\u00eb e fragmentit t\u00eb objektit (faktorit). <\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat ndahen n\u00eb grupe semantike sipas parimit t\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb af\u00ebrt. P\u00ebr shembull, objektet tregtare grupohen sipas produkteve. Ka grupe t\u00eb objekteve t\u00eb pyllit, objekteve ujore, vendbanimeve, ndalesave t\u00eb transportit, etj. Grupe t\u00eb bashkuara p\u00ebrkujtimor p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor. Duke kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb objektet (faktor\u00ebt), marrim nj\u00eb set potencialesh termike, t\u00eb gatshme p\u00ebr p\u00ebrpunim t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrdorimi i potencialeve ('hartave termike') lejon kalimin nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat hap\u00ebsinore n\u00eb imazhe 'termike' t\u00eb objekteve (faktor\u00ebve) q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb territor (visualizimi i potencialeve). Ky kalim ofron mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar shkall\u00ebn e pranishm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb faktor\u00ebve n\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb analiza t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme, dmth. p\u00ebr t\u00eb ilustruar drejtime t\u00eb ndryshme zhvillimi t\u00eb qytetit me ngjyr\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, do t\u00eb kemi shk\u00eblqim t\u00eb intensitetit t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm p\u00ebr secil\u00ebn pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit.<\/p>\n

Shembuj t\u00eb imazheve 'termike' t\u00eb territorit t\u00eb qytetit Nizhny Novgorod p\u00ebr disa faktor\u00eb jan\u00eb paraqitur m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\n'Harta termike' e qytetit N. Novgorod, q\u00eb reflekton faktorin 'Rrjeti i Barnave'<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\n'Harta termike' e qytetit N. Novgorod, q\u00eb reflekton faktorin 'Poliklinikat p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur'<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\n'Harta termike' e qytetit N. Novgorod, q\u00eb reflekton faktorin 'Poliklinikat p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00eb'<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\n'Harta termike' e qytetit N. Novgorod, q\u00eb reflekton faktorin 'Zonat industriale'<\/i><\/p>\n

'Imazhet termike' t\u00eb territorit lejojn\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktimin e p\u00ebrqendrimit t\u00eb potencialeve nga objekte t\u00eb ndryshme ndikimi. M\u00eb pas, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb bashkohen potencialet e marra n\u00eb nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb integrale q\u00eb lejon vler\u00ebsimin e territorit nga nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh faktor\u00ebsh. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme nj\u00eb metod\u00eb q\u00eb lejon analizimin e nj\u00eb sasie t\u00eb madhe informacioni, njohjen e objekteve, si dhe zvog\u00eblimin e dimensioneve t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, duke humbur sa m\u00eb pak informacion t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur. Nj\u00eb nga metodat e tilla \u00ebsht\u00eb analiza e komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb (Principal Component Analysis, PCA). M\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb metod\u00eb mund t\u00eb lexoni n\u00eb Wikipedia<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Natyra e metod\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb gjetja e nj\u00eb kombinimi linear t\u00eb parametrave fillestar\u00eb, q\u00eb ndryshon m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e analiz\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat hap\u00ebsinore - m\u00eb shum\u00eb q\u00eb ndryshon n\u00eb territor.<\/p>\n

Metoda e komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb identifikon objektet (faktor\u00ebt) q\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb territor. Si rezultat i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb metod\u00ebs, krijohen variabla t\u00eb rinj - komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb m\u00eb informative krahasuar me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat fillestare, duke i b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lehta analizimin, p\u00ebrshkrimin dhe vizualizimin e territorit, mbi t\u00eb cilin \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohen modele. <\/p>\n

Komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb shprehje analitike - shum\u00ebn e potencialeve t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve fillestar\u00eb me disa koeficient\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse ndonj\u00eb faktor ka nj\u00eb ndikim t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm mbi territorin, por nuk ndryshohet n\u00eb territorin e analizuar, metoda e komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb nuk do ta p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb faktor n\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebrjen e komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb renditen sipas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb informacionit - dmth. shp\u00ebrndarja n\u00eb territor. Komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb mbartin nj\u00eb informacion t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb madh sesa faktor\u00ebt e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe e p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb mir\u00eb territorin. Si rregull, gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb rreth nj\u00eb qind faktor\u00ebve, komponenti kryesor i par\u00eb mban rreth 50% t\u00eb gjith\u00eb informacionit (variasionit) mbi territorin. Komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb nuk korrelacionojn\u00eb mes tyre dhe mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr modele si karakteristika t\u00eb territorit n\u00eb secil\u00ebn pik\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Komponenta kryesore, si nj\u00eb tregues abstrakt i llogaritur i territorit, nuk ka nj\u00eb em\u00ebr dhe klasifikim t\u00eb qart\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, kombinimi i faktor\u00ebve q\u00eb korrelacionojn\u00eb fort me komponent\u00ebn kryesore lejon interpretimin e komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb. Zakonisht, faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb korrelacionojn\u00eb me komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb jan\u00eb: <\/p>\n

\u2014 niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb Infrastruktur\u00ebs;
\n \u2014 komponenti transportues i territorit;
\n \u2014 zona klimatike;
\n \u2014 niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb;
\n \u2014 potenciali ekonomik i territorit.<\/p>\n

Analozi i m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb klasterizimin, vazhdon me disa komponent\u00eb kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb ilustrime mund t\u00eb shihet paraqitja grafike e komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb territorit t\u00eb disa qyteteve t\u00eb Federat\u00ebs Ruse.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb Infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane t\u00eb qytetit N. Novgorod<\/i> <\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb Infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane t\u00eb qytetit Ekaterinburg<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb Infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane t\u00eb qytetit Kazan<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb Infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane t\u00eb qytetit Perm<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb Infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane t\u00eb qytetit Samara<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nKomponenti i par\u00eb kryesor, q\u00eb karakterizon nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb Infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane t\u00eb qytetit Khabarovsk<\/i><\/p>\n

Karakteristikat integrale: klasterizimi<\/b><\/h3>\n

Hapi tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb analiz\u00ebn e territoreve \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrkimi i zonave urbane, homogjene sipas cil\u00ebsis\u00eb. K\u00ebrkimi i till\u00eb bazohet n\u00eb analiz\u00ebn e vlerave t\u00eb komponent\u00ebve kryesor\u00eb n\u00eb \u00e7do pik\u00eb t\u00eb territorit. Detyra e k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre zonave homogjene mund t\u00eb zgjidhet p\u00ebrmes klasterizimit \u2013 nj\u00eb proces grupimi t\u00eb territoreve sipas parimit t\u00eb af\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb grupit t\u00eb karakteristikave. <\/p>\n

Klasterizimi i territorit ka dy q\u00ebllime:<\/p>\n

\u2014 krijimi i nj\u00eb vizualizimi m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb territorit;
\n \u2014 identifikimi i fushave p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar modele t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta.<\/p>\n

Territorit klasterizohen n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me faktor\u00ebt e p\u00ebrzgjedhur p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb. K\u00ebta faktor\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb faktor\u00eb q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb formimin e \u00e7mimeve ose faktor\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb ndonj\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit, p\u00ebr shembull, sfer\u00ebn sociale. <\/p>\n

Ekzistojn\u00eb dy metoda klasike t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb klasterizimit: metoda K-means dhe metoda dendrogram. Duke punuar me territoret, metoda K-means ka treguar vler\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, ve\u00e7oria e saj \u00ebsht\u00eb \"rritja\" e klasterit, duke bashkuar objekte t\u00eb reja me pikat e rritjes. Avantazhi i metod\u00ebs K-means q\u00ebndron n\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebrin\u00eb e saj me procesin natyror t\u00eb formimit t\u00eb territoreve: integrimi i t\u00eb ngjashm\u00ebve, jo ndarja e t\u00eb ndryshm\u00ebve.<\/p>\n

Me metod\u00ebn K-means \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb llogaritja p\u00ebr Nizhniy Novgorod (ilustrimi m\u00eb posht\u00eb).<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nP\u00ebrputhja e klaster\u00ebve me nivelin e zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit n\u00eb shembullin e qytetit N. Novgorod<\/i><\/p>\n

Me qasjen e propozuar mund t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e territorit rreth temave t\u00eb ndryshme. Temat q\u00eb na interesojn\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb Infrastruktur\u00ebs urbane, niveli i \"elitizmit\" t\u00eb territorit, niveli i zhvillimit t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs, komponenti social i zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit. K\u00ebto tema jan\u00eb koncepte t\u00eb integruara t\u00eb dob\u00ebta dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga nj\u00eb num\u00ebr faktor\u00ebsh t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlidhur.<\/p>\n

Me nj\u00eb algoritem p\u00ebrzgjedhjeje t\u00eb parametrave p\u00ebr analiz\u00eb (duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb angazhimin e ekspert\u00ebve), ne do t\u00eb marrim mapa tematike q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje mbi nj\u00eb aspekt t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb territorit. <\/p>\n

N\u00ebn karakteristikat integrale kuptojm\u00eb komponent\u00ebt e par\u00eb kryesor\u00eb, para s\u00eb gjithash komponentin e par\u00eb m\u00eb informues, dhe klasterizimin e territorit sipas parametrave t\u00eb p\u00ebrzgjedhur. <\/p>\n

Mapat tematike t\u00eb komponent\u00ebve t\u00eb par\u00eb kryesor\u00eb p\u00ebr aspekte t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb zhvillimit jan\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb ilustrimet m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nHarta tematike \"Objektet Kulturore\" n\u00eb shembullin e qytetit N. Novgorod<\/i><\/p>\n

\"P\u00ebrdorimi
\nHarta tematike \"Sfera Sociale\" n\u00eb shembullin e qytetit N. Novgorod<\/i><\/p>\n

Karakteristikat integrale ofrojn\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e territorit, duke operuar me nj\u00eb num\u00ebr faktor\u00ebsh me humbje minimale informacioni.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, ia vlen t\u00eb theksohet s\u00ebrish se sot, analiza e territoreve \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb hap tejet i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb zgjidhjen e problemeve t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb mjedisit urban, p\u00ebrzgjedhjes s\u00eb vendeve p\u00ebr investime n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim, k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb vendndodhjes m\u00eb t\u00eb favorshme t\u00eb objekteve t\u00eb reja dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb tjera. <\/p>\n

Metoda e propozuar n\u00eb artikull p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e territorit duke p\u00ebrdorur modelin 'termal' nga faktor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb kritike p\u00ebr grupin e faktor\u00ebve, dmth nuk p\u00ebrcakton kufizime dhe k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr informacionin fillestar.<\/p>\n

Shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebria dhe shkalla e tep\u00ebrt e informacionit fillestar, si dhe mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb dh\u00ebna t\u00eb hapura ofrojn\u00eb perspektiva t\u00eb pakufizuara p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e \u00e7do territori<\/i> n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb publikimet e ardhshme, t\u00eb dedikuara detyrave t\u00eb analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb territor\u00ebve, ne planifikojm\u00eb t\u00eb zbulojm\u00eb ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e p\u00ebrgatitjes s\u00eb modeleve duke p\u00ebrdorur komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb dhe metodat e implementimit t\u00eb tyre p\u00ebr detyra t\u00eb tilla si: <\/p>\n

\u2014 zgjedhja e vendit m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebr vendosjen e nj\u00eb objekti t\u00eb ri;
\n \u2014 nd\u00ebrtimi i nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe \u00e7mimi p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kategori t\u00eb caktuar objektesh duke p\u00ebrdorur vler\u00ebn e tregut;
\n \u2014 vler\u00ebsimi i kthenis\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj aktiviteti n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb vendndodhjes s\u00eb objekteve.<\/p>\n

Po ashtu, n\u00eb plane \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitja e metodave p\u00ebr kalimin mbrapsht nga komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb n\u00eb faktor\u00eb, q\u00eb nga ana tjet\u00ebr lejon t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb model nga faktor\u00ebt p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb territor.
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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Territori i qytetit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem i komplikuar, i ndrysh\u00ebm dhe n\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsi n\u00eb ndryshim. P\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar territorin dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb ambientit urban, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren objekte hap\u00ebsinore (faktor\u00eb). Faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb territorin ndryshojn\u00eb sipas karakterit t\u00eb ndikimit (pozitiv, negativ) dhe konfiguracionit gjeometrik (pik\u00eb, linj\u00eb, poligone). 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