{"id":30858,"date":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:37:49","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:37:49","slug":"pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/pervyj-kompyuternyj-genom-mozhet-privesti-k-sozdaniyu-sinteticheskih-form-zhizni","title":{"rendered":"Gjenioma i par\u00eb kompjuterik mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb krijimin e formave sintetike t\u00eb jet\u00ebs","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00eb gjitha sekuencat e ADN-s\u00eb t\u00eb organizmave t\u00eb jet\u00ebs t\u00eb studiuara nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt ruhen n\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash q\u00eb i p\u00ebrket Qendr\u00ebs Komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr Informacion mbi Bioteknologjin\u00eb n\u00eb SHBA. Dhe m\u00eb 1 prill, n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave shfaqet nj\u00eb regjistrim i ri: \u00abCaulobacter ethensis-2.0\u00bb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb gjenomi sintetik i par\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb modeluar plot\u00ebsisht n\u00eb kompjuter dhe pastaj sintetizuar, i zhvilluar nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e ETH Zurich (Shkolla e Lart\u00eb Teknologjike e Zvicr\u00ebs). Megjithat\u00eb, duhet theksuar se, ndon\u00ebse gjenomi C. ethensis-2.0 \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb si nj\u00eb molekul\u00eb t\u00eb madhe ADN-je, organizmi i gjall\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs ende nuk ekziston.<\/p>\n

\"Gjenioma<\/p>\n

Punimin k\u00ebrkues e kryen Bit Kristen, profesor i biologjis\u00eb sistemore eksperimentale, dhe v\u00ebllai i tij Matthias Kristen \u2013 kimist. Gjenomi i ri, i quajtur Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, u krijua duke pastruar dhe optimizuar kodin natyror t\u00eb bakterit Caulobacter crescentus \u2013 nj\u00eb bakter t\u00eb pad\u00ebmsh\u00ebm q\u00eb jeton n\u00eb uj\u00ebrat e \u00ebmbla n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn.  <\/p>\n

\"Gjenioma
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M\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, nj\u00eb ekip i udh\u00ebhequr nga gjenetisti Craig Venter krijoi bakterin\u00eb e par\u00eb \u00absintetike\u00bb. Gjat\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt sintetizuan nj\u00eb kopje t\u00eb gjenomit Mycoplasma mycoides, e cila m\u00eb pas u implantua n\u00eb nj\u00eb qeliz\u00eb mbajt\u00ebse, e cila pas k\u00ebsaj doli t\u00eb ishte plot\u00ebsisht e jetueshme dhe ruajti aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u vet\u00eb-riprodhuar.<\/p>\n

Studimi i ri e vazhdon pun\u00ebn e Craig-it. Ndryshe nga her\u00ebt kur shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt krijuan nj\u00eb model dixhital t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb organizmi real dhe n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb saj sintetizuan nj\u00eb molekul\u00eb, projekti i ri shkon m\u00eb tej, duke p\u00ebrdorur kodin origjinal t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e kan\u00eb rip\u00ebrdorur at\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme para se ta sintetizojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb verifikojn\u00eb funksionalitetin e tij.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebrkuesit filluan me gjenomin origjinal C. crescentus, i cili ka 4000 gjene. Si n\u00eb \u00e7do organiz\u00ebm t\u00eb gjall\u00eb, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e k\u00ebtyre gjeneve nuk p\u00ebrmban informacion dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00abDNK e mbetur\u00bb. Pas nj\u00eb analize, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se vet\u00ebm rreth 680 prej tyre jan\u00eb t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur jet\u00ebn e bakterit n\u00eb laborator.<\/p>\n

Pas heqjes s\u00eb \u00abDNK-s\u00eb s\u00eb mbetur\u00bb dhe marrjes s\u00eb gjenomit minimal t\u00eb C. crescentus, ekipi vazhdoi pun\u00ebn. ADN-ja e organizmave t\u00eb gjall\u00eb karakterizohet nga prania e tep\u00ebrt, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se sinteza e t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit protein\u00eb kodifikohet nga gene t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb disa vende t\u00eb zinxhirit. K\u00ebrkuesit z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuan m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1\/6 e 800,000 shkronjave t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb gjat\u00eb optimizimit p\u00ebr heqjen e kodit t\u00eb dyfishuar.<\/p>\n

«Fal\u00eb algoritmit ton\u00eb, ne e rip\u00ebrdor\u00ebm plot\u00ebsisht genomin n\u00eb nj\u00eb sekvenc\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb shkronjave t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb, e cila m\u00eb nuk i ngjan origjinales», thot\u00eb Bit Kristen, bashkautori i studimit. «Megjithat\u00eb, funksioni biologjik n\u00eb nivelin e sintez\u00ebs s\u00eb proteinave mbeti i pandrySHuar».<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00ebse zinxhiri i marr\u00eb do t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb duhur n\u00eb nj\u00eb qeliz\u00eb t\u00eb gjall\u00eb, hulumtuesit rrit\u00ebn nj\u00eb stam bakteresh, t\u00eb cilat kishin n\u00eb ADN-n\u00eb e tyre si genomin natyror Caulobacter, ashtu edhe segmente t\u00eb genom\u00ebs sintetike. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt \u00e7aktivizuan gjene t\u00eb natyrshme t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta dhe testuan aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e analogeve t\u00eb tyre artificiale p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin rol biologjik. Rezultati rezultoi mjaft mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebs: rreth 580 nga 680 gjene artificiale rezultuan funksionale.<\/p>\n

«Fal\u00eb njohurive t\u00eb marra, ne do t\u00eb jemi n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojm\u00eb algoritmin ton\u00eb dhe t\u00eb zhvillojm\u00eb nj\u00eb version t\u00eb ri t\u00eb genomit 3.0», thot\u00eb Kristen. «Ne besojm\u00eb se n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen e af\u00ebrt do t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb qeliza bakteriale t\u00eb gjalla me nj\u00eb genom\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht sintetike».<\/p>\n

N\u00eb faz\u00ebn e par\u00eb, k\u00ebto hulumtime do t\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb gjenez\u00ebt t\u00eb verifikojn\u00eb sakt\u00ebsin\u00eb e njohurive t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb kuptimin e ADN-s\u00eb dhe rolin e gjeneve t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta n\u00eb t\u00eb, pasi \u00e7do gabim n\u00eb sintez\u00ebn e zinxhirit do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb vdekjen e organizmit me genom\u00eb t\u00eb re. N\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, ato do t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb krijimin e mikroorganizmave sintetike, t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb krijohen p\u00ebr detyra t\u00eb paracaktuara. Virus\u00ebt artificiale do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb luftojn\u00eb me ata natyror\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa bakteret speciale do t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb vitamina ose ila\u00e7e.<\/p>\n

Hulumtimi u publikua n\u00eb revist\u00ebn PNAS.<\/p>\n

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Burimi: 3dnews.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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