{"id":30915,"date":"2019-10-31T21:38:10","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:38:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sravnenie-sistem-kosmicheskoj-svyazi\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:38:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:38:10","slug":"sravnenie-sistem-kosmicheskoj-svyazi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sravnenie-sistem-kosmicheskoj-svyazi","title":{"rendered":"Krahasimi i sistemeve t\u00eb komunikimit hap\u00ebsinor","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Miq, si\u00e7 e dini, ne jemi duke u p\u00ebrgatitur me shpejt\u00ebsi projektit t\u00eb ri geek<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 \"Server n\u00eb re 2.0\", ose \"Datacenter Hap\u00ebsinor\". N\u00eb dy fjali: m\u00eb 12 Prill do t\u00eb l\u00ebshojm\u00eb nj\u00eb server t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar vet\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb stratosfer\u00eb n\u00eb lart\u00ebsi rreth 30 km, do t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojm\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmes sistemit t\u00eb komunikimit hap\u00ebsinor, dhe nga serveri do t\u00eb transmetojm\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat n\u00eb Tok\u00eb p\u00ebrmes radios. <\/p>\n

Dhe sot duam t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr tri sisteme t\u00eb komunikimit hap\u00ebsinor q\u00eb do t'i testojm\u00eb n\u00eb projektin ton\u00eb \u2014 Iridium, GlobalStar dhe \"Gon\u0435\u0446\". P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, do t\u00eb montojm\u00eb pajisjet e pranimit pran\u00eb serverit ton\u00eb n\u00eb re.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasimi<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Historia e shkurt\u00ebr<\/h1>\n

\nT\u00eb tri sistemet e p\u00ebrshkruara jan\u00eb krijuar dhe vendosur rreth t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs periudh\u00eb, n\u00eb vitet 1990. Amerikania Iridium \u00ebsht\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm m\u00eb e vjetra nga k\u00ebto (punimet filluan n\u00eb vitin 1990), por gjithashtu dhe m\u00eb e madhe - fillimisht ishte parapar\u00eb t\u00eb lansoheshin 77 satelit\u00eb, q\u00eb korrespondon me numrin atomik t\u00eb iridiumit, megjithat\u00eb sot n\u00eb orbit\u00eb punojn\u00eb 66 satelit\u00eb (+ 6 rezerv\u00eb). Shfryt\u00ebzimi komercial i sistemit filloi n\u00eb vitin 1998. Pas vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb viti, kompania falimentoi, dhe n\u00eb vitin 2000, asetet e saj u blejn\u00eb nga nj\u00eb kompani q\u00eb vepronte n\u00eb interes t\u00eb Ministris\u00eb s\u00eb Mbrojtjes s\u00eb SHBA. N\u00eb vitin 2001, shfryt\u00ebzimi komercial fillon p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, dhe n\u00eb vitin 2009, pronari i Iridium p\u00ebrs\u00ebri ndryshoi. Q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb, kjo rrjet\u00eb satelitore po jeton dhe funksionon si\u00e7 duhet.<\/p>\n

GlobalStar gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb themeluar n\u00eb SHBA, ndon\u00ebse n\u00eb projekt jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb korporata nga Franca, Anglia, Germania dhe Koreja e Jugut. Filluan t\u00eb vendosin grupin satelitor n\u00eb vitin 1998, dhe n\u00eb vitin 2000 GlobalStar u lansua n\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzim komercial. K\u00ebtu gjithashtu nuk mungoi falimentimi, rrjeti n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 2000 nd\u00ebrroi pronar. Sot n\u00eb orbit\u00eb punojn\u00eb 48 satelit\u00eb GlobalStar (+ 4 rezerv\u00eb). <\/p>\n

Sistemi rus \u00abGonets\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb projekt q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim nuk ishte privat, por shtet\u00ebror. Zhvillimi i tij filloi n\u00eb vitin 1989, dhe lan\u00e7imet e satelit\u00ebve t\u00eb par\u00eb filluan n\u00eb vitin 1996. N\u00eb fillim, ishte planifikuar q\u00eb grupi t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhej nga 24 satelit\u00eb, por sot jan\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim vet\u00ebm 12. N\u00eb vitet e ardhshme \u00ebsht\u00eb planifikuar t\u00eb lancohen edhe disa dhjetra satelit\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ata q\u00eb do t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsojn\u00eb t\u00eb vjetruarit.<\/p>\n

Karakteristikat dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

Iridium<\/h3>\n

\nIridium ka mbulimin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh me shpejt\u00ebsit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Satelit\u00ebt e saj rrotullohen p\u00ebrreth Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi prej 780 km n\u00eb orbita me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkulje prej 86,5\u00b0, dhe mbulojn\u00eb me lidhje t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e planetit, nga poli n\u00eb poli. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nAktualisht, shpejt\u00ebsia e transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ideale arrin 352 Kbit\/s n\u00eb Iridium, dhe deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit planifikohet t\u00eb arrihen 704\/352 Kbit\/s (pranimi dhe transmetimi). Por, vlerat reale jan\u00eb natyrisht m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta. Kur flitet me z\u00eb, cil\u00ebsia e tingullit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e mir\u00eb, dhe vihen re disa deformime. <\/p>\n

\"Krahasimi
\n
\nN\u00eb Iridium mb\u00ebshtetet komunikimi i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet satelit\u00ebve, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb formalisht sistemi mund t\u00eb anashkaloj\u00eb stacionet e shumta t\u00eb portave n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb transmetuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb internet dhe rrjetin e telefonave tok\u00ebsor\u00eb, ndryshe nga GlobalStar, dhe n\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trafiku p\u00ebrmes rrjetit satelitor d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb stacionin kryesor t\u00eb port\u00ebs, i vendosur n\u00eb SHBA. Megjithat\u00eb, ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebr q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e komunikimit, stacionet e portave akoma nd\u00ebrtohen, megjithat\u00eb, jo aq shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Telefon\u00ebt p\u00ebr Iridium jan\u00eb disa nga m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjt\u00ebt n\u00eb treg, edhe pse dallohen p\u00ebr paketimin e pasur dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb. Jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion modem\u00eb celular\u00eb dhe pajisje celulare p\u00ebr komunikim me tekst (shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lira se lidhja me z\u00eb). P\u00ebr t\u00eb transferuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna p\u00ebrmes Iridiumit, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 telefonit vet\u00eb, nevojitet nj\u00eb kompjuter mbi t\u00eb cilin instalohen programet e mark\u00ebs Iridium Data Kit. Sh\u00ebrbimet e komunikimit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet satelitor jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta sesa ato t\u00eb konkurent\u00ebve. P\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb voucheri vjetor p\u00ebr 250 minuta brenda RF-s\u00eb kushton 28,700 rubla, nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb voucheri dy muajsh p\u00ebr 150 minuta n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb 17,400 rubla. N\u00eb tarifat postpagim, nj\u00eb minut\u00eb bised\u00eb fillon nga 58 rubla, SMS nga 22 rubla, dhe abonimi nga 12,000 rubla (p\u00ebr m\u00eb pak se gjasht\u00eb muaj) dhe nga 3,100 rubla (p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjasht\u00eb muaj). P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, kompania deri m\u00eb tani nuk ka lidhur marr\u00ebveshje roaming me ask\u00ebnd, prandaj kartat SIM t\u00eb operator\u00ebve GSM n\u00eb pajisjet Iridium nuk do t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb, vet\u00ebm ato \"m\u00ebm\u00eb\".<\/p>\n

GlobalStar<\/h3>\n

\nN\u00eb GlobalStar, satelit\u00ebt fluturojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi prej 1400 km dhe kan\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebnd orbitash prej 52o. Satelit\u00ebt nuk shk\u00ebmbejn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, prandaj sistemi p\u00ebrfshin nj\u00eb rrjet stacionesh portale, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb lidh\u00ebsi mes satelit\u00ebve p\u00ebrcjell\u00ebs, internetit dhe rrjetit telefonik n\u00eb tok\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Satelit\u00ebt Iridium jan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar me t\u00eb kuqe, ata t\u00eb GlobalStar me blu:<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nMbulimi i lidhjes nga GlobalStar \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb modest \u2014 deri n\u00eb 70o latitud\u00eb veriore dhe jugore, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet nuk e mbulon zona polare. Megjithat\u00eb, sipas komenteve, mbulimi n\u00eb latituda t\u00eb tjera ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i paq\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse sateliti \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb pamje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, nuk do t\u00eb keni probleme me lidhjen. Shpejt\u00ebsia e transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga GlobalStar \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se ajo e Iridium, por cil\u00ebsia e z\u00ebrit gjat\u00eb bisedave \u00ebsht\u00eb krahasuese me bised\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb telefon celular.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasimi
\n
\nFormalisht, rrjeti mb\u00ebshtet standardet CDMA dhe GSM, por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, jo t\u00eb gjitha stacionet e portave funksionojn\u00eb me GSM, megjithat\u00eb kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr vendin ton\u00eb. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e vendeve, mund t\u00eb vendosni kartat SIM t\u00eb operator\u00ebve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm celular n\u00eb telefonat q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb pajtuesh\u00ebm me GlobalStar. Pajisjet p\u00ebr GlobalStar jan\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb lira se ato p\u00ebr Iridium. N\u00eb treg ka telefona me nivele t\u00eb ndryshme avancimi, nj\u00eb pajisje p\u00ebr komunikim tekstual me nj\u00eb tastier\u00eb mekanike, hotspote, ndjek\u00ebs p\u00ebr vendosje n\u00eb transporte ose p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim personal, dhe shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjera. Nuk ka tarif\u00eb abonimi, dhe sh\u00ebrbimet e komunikimit jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lira se ato t\u00eb Iridium: p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb paket\u00eb p\u00ebr thirrjet brenda RF p\u00ebr gjasht\u00eb muaj dhe 250 minuta kushton 9,800 rubla, n\u00eb tarifat postpay, minuta fillojn\u00eb nga 44 rubla, SMS nga 4 rubla, dhe qasje n\u00eb internet fillon nga 13 rubla.<\/p>\n

\u00abGon\u0435\u0446\u00bb<\/h3>\n

\nSatelit\u00ebt e k\u00ebtij sistemi rrotullohen rreth planetit n\u00eb lart\u00ebsin\u00eb 1500 km n\u00eb orbitat me nj\u00eb k\u00ebnd t\u00eb pjerr\u00ebt prej 82.5o. Si rezultat, mbulimi i sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i plot\u00eb, por jo n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nN\u00eb territorin e Rusis\u00eb jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar 3 stacione portash (nj\u00eb e kat\u00ebrt \u00ebsht\u00eb planifikuar), t\u00eb cilat lidhin grupin satelitor me internetin.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasimi
\n
\nE \u00e7uditshme q\u00eb \u00abGonets\u00bb nuk konkurron me sistemet e tjera n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e komunikimit me z\u00eb. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, projekti rus specializohet n\u00eb d\u00ebrgimin e mesazheve tekstuale. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb blini nj\u00eb pajisje abonimi dhe nj\u00eb anten\u00eb, dhe t'i lidhni ato me nj\u00eb smartphone, laptop ose korrespondent desktop. N\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje, \u00ebndrrat e nj\u00eb introverti \u2014 gjith\u00eb komunikimi vet\u00ebm n\u00eb chat dhe asnj\u00eb telefonat\u00eb e papritur.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasimi
\n
\ngjithashtu, \u00abGonets\u00bb ofron sh\u00ebrbime M2M p\u00ebr monitorimin automatik t\u00eb gjendjes dhe marrjen e telemetris\u00eb nga objekte t\u00eb ndryshme, si statike ashtu edhe dinamike.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasimi
\n
\nDhe plus sh\u00ebrbime shtes\u00eb si retranslacioni i koordinatave gjeografike t\u00eb transportit dhe d\u00ebrgimi i njoftimeve. <\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebrbimet e komunikimit n\u00eb rrjet paguhen n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb tarif\u00ebs s\u00eb abonimit \u2014 n\u00eb thelb, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb paket\u00eb parapaguese mujore e kilobajtave t\u00eb trafikut. P\u00ebr shembull, kur tarifa e abonimit \u00ebsht\u00eb zero, merrni 26 rubla p\u00ebr \u00e7do kilobajt t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash t\u00eb d\u00ebrguara, dhe ka nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb paketash nga 470 rubla (30 Kb) deri n\u00eb 8,650 rubla (2,000 Kb). Plus 10 rubla p\u00ebr \u00e7do mesazh q\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb rrjetet celulare t\u00eb RF. \u00c7do kilobajt mbi kufirin paguhet ve\u00e7mas, nga 11 deri n\u00eb 26 rubla. <\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb t\u00eb zgjojm\u00eb?<\/h1>\n

\nD\u00ebshirat tona jan\u00eb: t\u00eb pajisim serverin 'n\u00eb re' me nj\u00eb tracker p\u00ebr p\u00ebrcjelljen e vendndodhjes dhe nj\u00eb modul p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebrmes satelitit. Teorikisht, k\u00ebto karakteristika mund t'i ofrojn\u00eb t\u00eb tre rrjetet. Ne tashm\u00eb kemi bler\u00eb modemet Iridium dhe GlobalStar, nd\u00ebrsa pajisja nga 'Gonca' \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr ne. Sigurisht, do t'ju tregojm\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb p\u00ebr sistemin ton\u00eb t\u00eb komunikimit n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga publikimet e ardhshme.<\/p>\n

\"Krahasimi<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, ju ftojm\u00eb t\u00eb merrni pjes\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb eksperimentin ton\u00eb, t\u00eb parashikoni pik\u00ebn e uljes s\u00eb sond\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb fitoni \u00e7mimin kryesor \u2014 nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim n\u00eb Baikonur.<\/p>\n

Mos u disconnectoni!<\/p>\n

\"Krahasimi<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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