{"id":30915,"date":"2019-10-31T21:38:10","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:38:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/sravnenie-sistem-kosmicheskoj-svyazi\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:38:10","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:38:10","slug":"sravnenie-sistem-kosmicheskoj-svyazi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/sravnenie-sistem-kosmicheskoj-svyazi","title":{"rendered":"Comparative Analysis of Space Communication Systems","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

Miq\u00eb t\u00eb dashur, si\u00e7 e dini tashm\u00eb, po punojm\u00eb me t\u00eb gjitha forcat projekti i ri geek<\/a><\/noindex> \u2014 \u00abServer n\u00eb re 2.0\u00bb, ose \u00abQendra e T\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave Koosmike\u00bb. N\u00eb dy fjal\u00eb: m\u00eb 12 prill do t\u00eb lansojm\u00eb nj\u00eb server t\u00eb vet\u00eb-b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb stratostat n\u00eb nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi prej rreth 30 km, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrcjellim t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb sistemi komunikimi kozmik, dhe nga serveri do t\u00eb transmetojm\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb Tok\u00eb p\u00ebrmes radiokomunikimit. <\/p>\n

Dhe sot d\u00ebshirojm\u00eb t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr tre sisteme t\u00eb komunikimit kozmik q\u00eb do t\u2019i testojm\u00eb n\u00eb projektin ton\u00eb \u2014 Iridium, GlobalStar dhe \u00abGonets\u00bb. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, do t\u00eb montohet pajisja prit\u00ebse pran\u00eb serverit ton\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"Comparative<\/a><\/noindex><\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Historia e shkurt\u00ebr<\/h1>\n

\nT\u00eb tri sistemet e p\u00ebrshkruara jan\u00eb krijuar dhe vendosur rreth t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs koh\u00eb, n\u00eb vitet 1990. Iridium amerikane \u00ebsht\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm m\u00eb e vjetra n\u00eb koncept (punimet filluan n\u00eb vitin 1990), por gjithashtu edhe m\u00eb e madhe \u2014 fillimisht ishte parashikuar q\u00eb t\u00eb lan\u00e7ohet 77 satelit\u00eb, q\u00eb p\u00ebrkon me numrin atomik t\u00eb iridiumit, por sot n\u00eb orbit\u00eb punojn\u00eb 66 satelit\u00eb (+ 6 rezerv\u00eb). Shfryt\u00ebzimi komercial i sistemit filloi n\u00eb vitin 1998. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, brenda nj\u00eb viti kompania falimentoi, dhe n\u00eb vitin 2000 asetet e saj u blen\u00eb nga nj\u00eb kompani q\u00eb vepronte n\u00eb interes t\u00eb Ministris\u00eb s\u00eb Mbrojtjes t\u00eb SHBA. N\u00eb vitin 2001 filloi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri shfryt\u00ebzimi komercial, dhe n\u00eb vitin 2009 pronari i Iridiumit ndryshoi p\u00ebrs\u00ebri. Q\u00eb nga at\u00ebher\u00eb, kjo rrjet\u00eb e komunikimit satelitor vazhdon t\u00eb jetoj\u00eb e sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

GlobalStar gjithashtu u themelua n\u00eb SHBA, megjithat\u00eb n\u00eb projekt marrin pjes\u00eb korporata nga Franca, Anglia, Gjermania dhe Koreja e Jugut. Filluan t\u00eb angazhojn\u00eb grupin e satelit\u00ebve n\u00eb vitin 1998, dhe n\u00eb vitin 2000 GlobalStar u lan\u00e7ua n\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzim komercial. Edhe k\u00ebtu nuk kishte munges\u00eb t\u00eb falimentimeve, rrjeta n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 2000 nd\u00ebrruan pronar. Sot n\u00eb orbit\u00eb punojn\u00eb 48 satelit\u00eb GlobalStar (+ 4 rezerv\u00eb). <\/p>\n

Sistemi rus \u00abGonets\u00bb \u2014 nj\u00eb projekt q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb privat, por shtet\u00ebror. Zhvillimi i tij filloi n\u00eb vitin 1989, dhe lansimet e satelit\u00ebve t\u00eb par\u00eb filluan n\u00eb vitin 1996. Fillimisht ishte parashikuar q\u00eb grupi t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebhej nga 24 satelit\u00eb, por sot n\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzim ndodhen vet\u00ebm 12. N\u00eb vitet n\u00eb vijim jan\u00eb parashikuar lansimi i disa dhjetra satelit\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar ata t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Karakteristikat dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb<\/h1>\n

<\/p>\n

Iridium<\/h3>\n

\nP\u00ebrhapja m\u00eb e madhe me shpejt\u00ebsit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u00ebsht\u00eb e Iridium. Satelit\u00ebt e saj rrotullohen rreth Tok\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi prej 780 km n\u00eb orbitat me nj\u00eb k\u00ebnd p\u00ebrpjes\u00ebtimi prej 86,5o, dhe mbulojn\u00eb me lidhje t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqen e planetit, nga veshin n\u00eb vesh nga pola n\u00eb pol. <\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nTani shpejt\u00ebsia e transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ideale arrin deri n\u00eb 352 Kbit\/s te Iridium, dhe deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit planifikohet q\u00eb t\u00eb arrij\u00eb deri n\u00eb 704\/352 Kbit\/s (pranimi dhe d\u00ebrgimi). Por vlerat reale, sigurisht, jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta. Gjat\u00eb bised\u00ebs me z\u00eb, cil\u00ebsia e z\u00ebrit nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e mir\u00eb, ka dhe ndotje. <\/p>\n

\"Comparative
\n
\nN\u00eb Iridium mb\u00ebshtetet lidhja e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb midis satelit\u00ebve, prandaj n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb formale sistemi mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb pa num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh t\u00eb stacioneve t\u00eb portit n\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr transferimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb internet dhe rrjetin telefonik t\u00eb tok\u00ebs, ndryshe nga GlobalStar, dhe n\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, e gjith\u00eb trafiku p\u00ebrmes rrjetit satelitor transferohet n\u00eb stacionin kryesor t\u00eb portit, i vendosur n\u00eb SHBA. Megjithat\u00eb, ndoshta p\u00ebr besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e lidhjes, stacionet e portit ndodhen gjithsesi, p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, jo aq shum\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Telefon\u00ebt p\u00ebr Iridium jan\u00eb disa nga m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjjt\u00eb n\u00eb treg, megjithat\u00eb dallohen p\u00ebr paketimin e pasur dhe mund\u00ebsit\u00eb. Jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme edhe modeme celular\u00eb dhe pajisje celulare p\u00ebr komunikim tekstual (shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lira se lidhja e z\u00ebrit). P\u00ebr transferimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebrmes Iridium, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 telefonit vet\u00eb, nevojitet nj\u00eb kompjuter, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin instalohet programi i firm\u00ebs Iridium Data Kit. Sh\u00ebrbimet e komunikimit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rrjet satelitor jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se ato t\u00eb konkurrent\u00ebve. P\u00ebr shembull, vau\u00e7eri vjetor p\u00ebr 250 minuta brenda RF - 28,700 rubla, vau\u00e7eri dypal\u00ebsh p\u00ebr 150 minuta n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn - 17,400 rubla. N\u00eb tarifat postpay, nj\u00eb minut\u00eb bised\u00eb nga 58 rubla, SMS - 22 rubla, + tarifa mujore nga 12,000 rubla (m\u00eb pak se gjasht\u00eb muaj) dhe nga 3,100 rubla (m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjasht\u00eb muaj). Dhe p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, kompania aktualisht nuk ka lidhur marr\u00ebveshje roaming me ask\u00ebnd, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kartat SIM t\u00eb operator\u00ebve GSM n\u00eb pajisjet Iridium nuk do t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb, vet\u00ebm \"t\u00eb prind\u00ebrve\".<\/p>\n

GlobalStar<\/h3>\n

\nTe GlobalStar satelit\u00ebt fluturojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi prej 1400 km dhe kan\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjes\u00ebtim orbite prej 52o. Satelit\u00ebt nuk shk\u00ebmbejn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin, prandaj n\u00eb sistem p\u00ebrfshihet nj\u00eb rrjet stacionesh porti, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb lidh\u00ebsi midis satelit\u00ebve-riprodhues, internetit dhe rrjetit telefonik t\u00eb tok\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe jan\u00eb treguar satelit\u00ebt Iridium, me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb kalt\u00ebr - GlobalStar:<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nGlobalStar ka nj\u00eb mbulueshm\u00ebri m\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuar \u2013 deri n\u00eb 70o latitude veriore dhe jugore, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se zonat polarizate nuk mbulohen nga kjo rrjet. Megjithat\u00eb, sipas komenteve, mbulimi n\u00eb latitudat e tjera \u00ebsht\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb i paq\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse sateliti \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb linj\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, nuk do t\u00eb keni probleme me komunikimin. Shbrimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave me GlobalStar \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt se me Iridium, por cil\u00ebsia e z\u00ebrit gjat\u00eb komunikimeve telefonike \u00ebsht\u00eb e ngjashme me bisedat p\u00ebrmes telefonit celular.<\/p>\n

\"Comparative
\n
\nFormalisht, rrjeti mb\u00ebshtet standartet CDMA dhe GSM, por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, jo t\u00eb gjith\u00eb stacionet gateway punojn\u00eb me GSM, megjith\u00ebse p\u00ebr vendin ton\u00eb kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aktuale. N\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e vendeve, mund t\u00eb fusni kartat SIM t\u00eb operator\u00ebve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm celular\u00eb n\u00eb telefonat e p\u00ebrputhsh\u00ebm me GlobalStar. Pajisat p\u00ebr GlobalStar jan\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb lira se ato p\u00ebr Iridium. N\u00eb treg ka telefona t\u00eb niveleve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb avancimit, nj\u00eb veg\u00ebl p\u00ebr komunikim tekstual me nj\u00eb tastier\u00eb mekanike, hotspot, ndjek\u00ebs p\u00ebr instalim n\u00eb transport ose p\u00ebr mbajtje personale, dhe shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr. Nuk ka tarif\u00eb abonimi dhe sh\u00ebrbimet e komunikimit jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lira se ato t\u00eb Iridium: p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb paket\u00eb p\u00ebr thirrje n\u00eb RF p\u00ebr gjasht\u00eb muaj dhe 250 minuta kushton 9,800 rubla, n\u00eb tarifat post-pay minuta fillon nga 44 rubla, SMS \u2013 4 rubla, th\u00ebnie n\u00eb internet \u2013 nga 13 rubla.<\/p>\n

Gonets<\/h3>\n

\nSatelit\u00ebt e k\u00ebtij sistemi rrotullohen rreth planetit n\u00eb nj\u00eb lart\u00ebsi prej 1500 km n\u00eb orbitat me nj\u00eb inklinacion prej 82,5o. Si rezultat, mbulimi i sip\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb Tok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i plot\u00eb, por jo nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht.<\/p>\n

\r\n \"Luaj\r\n
<\/div>\r\n <\/div><\/center>
\nN\u00eb territorin e Rusis\u00eb jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar 3 stacione gateway (dhe nj\u00eb e till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e planifikuar), t\u00eb cilat lidhin grupin satelitor me internetin.<\/p>\n

\"Comparative
\n
\n\u00cbsht\u00eb e \u00e7uditshme q\u00eb Gonets nuk konkuron me sistemet e tjera n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e komunikimeve z\u00eb. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, projekti rus specializohet n\u00eb transmetimin e mesazheve tekstuale. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb blini nj\u00eb pajisje abonimi dhe nj\u00eb anten\u00eb, dhe t\u2019i lidhni atyre nj\u00eb smartphone, laptop ose kompjuter desktop. N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim, \u00ebnd\u00ebrr e introspektiv\u00ebve \u2013 e gjith\u00eb komunikimi vet\u00ebm n\u00eb \u00e7atin\u00eb dhe asnj\u00eb telefonat\u00eb t\u00eb papritur.<\/p>\n

\"Comparative
\n
\nGonets gjithashtu ofron sh\u00ebrbime M2M p\u00ebr monitorimin automatik t\u00eb gjendjes dhe marrjen e telemetris\u00eb s\u00eb objekteve t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb pal\u00ebvizshme dhe t\u00eb l\u00ebvizshme.<\/p>\n

\"Comparative
\n
\nDhe plus sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb tjera si rilokimi i koordinatave gjeografike t\u00eb transportit dhe d\u00ebrgimi i njoftimeve. <\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebrbimet e komunikacionit n\u00eb rrjet paguhen mbi baz\u00ebn e tarif\u00ebs mujore \u2014 n\u00eb thelb, jan\u00eb paketa parapaguese mujore t\u00eb kilobyteve t\u00eb trafikut. P\u00ebr shembull, me tarif\u00eb mujore zero, ata ngarkojn\u00eb 26 rubla p\u00ebr \u00e7do kilobajt t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash t\u00eb transferuara, dhe ka nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb paketash nga 470 rubla (30 Kb) deri n\u00eb 8,650 rubla (2,000 Kb). Gjithashtu, 10 rubla p\u00ebr \u00e7do mesazh t\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb rrjetet celulare t\u00eb RF. \u00c7do kilobajt mbi limit paguhet ve\u00e7mas, nga 11 deri n\u00eb 26 rubla. <\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00eb t\u00eb zgjedhim?<\/h1>\n

\nD\u00ebshirat tona jan\u00eb k\u00ebto: t\u00eb pajisim serverin \"n\u00eb re\" me nj\u00eb tracker p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndjekur lokacionin, dhe nj\u00eb modul p\u00ebr shk\u00ebmbimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebrmes satelitit. Teorikisht, k\u00ebto karakteristika mund t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb t\u00eb tre rrjetet. Ne tashm\u00eb kemi bler\u00eb modem\u00ebt Iridium dhe GlobalStar, dhe pajisja nga \"Gonci\" \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00eb p\u00ebr ne. Sigurisht, do t\u00eb flasim m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje p\u00ebr sistemin ton\u00eb t\u00eb komunikacionit n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga publikimet e ardhshme.<\/p>\n

\"Comparative<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, ju ftojm\u00eb t\u00eb merrni pjes\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex> n\u00eb eksperimentin ton\u00eb, t\u00eb gjeni pik\u00ebn e uljes s\u00eb sond\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb fitoni \u00e7mimin kryesor \u2014 nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim n\u00eb Bajkonur.<\/p>\n

Mos u shk\u00ebputni!<\/p>\n

\"Comparative<\/a><\/noindex>
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u043a-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u2014 \u00ab\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0445 2.0\u00bb, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u041a\u043e\u0441\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0426\u041e\u0414\u00bb. \u0412 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445: 12 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043c\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0447\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0443 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