{"id":31439,"date":"2019-10-31T21:41:16","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:41:16","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:41:16","slug":"vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/news\/vypusk-sistemnogo-menedzhera-systemd-242","title":{"rendered":"L\u00ebshimi i menaxherit t\u00eb sistemit systemd 242","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Pas dy muaj zhvillimi, u prezantua versioni i menaxherit sistematik systemd 242. Nga risit\u00eb, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr tunelat L2TP, mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e menaxhimit t\u00eb sjelljes s\u00eb systemd-logind gjat\u00eb rinisjes p\u00ebrmes variablave t\u00eb ambientit, mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr seksionet e zgjeruara t\u00eb ngarkimit XBOOTLDR p\u00ebr montimin n\u00eb \/boot, mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e ngarkimit me seksionin rr\u00ebnj\u00eb n\u00eb overlayfs, si dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh cil\u00ebsimesh t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr lloje t\u00eb ndryshme nj\u00ebsish.<\/p>\n<p>Ndryshimet kryesore: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb systemd-networkd \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr tunelat L2TP;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb sd-boot dhe bootctl \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr seksionet XBOOTLDR (Extended Boot Loader), t\u00eb destinuara p\u00ebr montimin n\u00eb \/boot, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 seksioneve ESP, t\u00eb montuara n\u00eb \/efi ose \/boot\/efi. B\u00ebrthamat, cil\u00ebsimet, imazhet initrd dhe EFI tani mund t\u00eb ngarkohen si nga seksionet ESP, ashtu edhe nga seksionet XBOOTLDR. Ndryshimi i p\u00ebrmendur lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e ngarkuesit sd-boot n\u00eb skenar\u00eb m\u00eb konservator\u00eb, kur ngarkuesi vet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb ESP, nd\u00ebrsa b\u00ebrthamat e ngarkuara dhe metadatat e lidhura jan\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb nj\u00eb seksion t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb;\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar opsioni p\u00ebr ngarkim me transmetimin e opsionit &#171;systemd.volatile=overlay&#187;, i cili lejon vendosjen e ndarjes rr\u00ebnj\u00ebsore n\u00eb overlayfs dhe organizimin e funksionimit mbi nj\u00eb imazh rr\u00ebnjor q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexim, duke b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshimet n\u00eb nj\u00eb katalog t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb tmpfs (ndryshimet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb konfigurim humbasin pas rinisjes). N\u00eb analogji, n\u00eb systemd-nspawn \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni &#171;&#8212;volatile=overlay&#187; p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur funksionalitet t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm n\u00eb kontejner\u00eb;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb systemd-nspawn \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni &#171;&#8212;oci-bundle&#187;, i cili lejon p\u00ebrdorimin e grupeve t\u00eb runtime p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb nisje t\u00eb izoluar t\u00eb kontejner\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrputhen me k\u00ebrkesat e specifikimit Open Container Initiative (OCI). P\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim n\u00eb linj\u00ebn e komand\u00ebs dhe nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e nspawn, \u00ebsht\u00eb propozuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr opsione t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara n\u00eb specifikimin OCI, p\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtuar pjes\u00eb t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb skedar\u00ebve mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren cil\u00ebsimet &#171;&#8212;inaccessible&#187; dhe &#171;Inaccessible&#187;, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr konfigurimin e rrjedhave t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb daljes jan\u00eb shtuar opsionet &#171;&#8212;console&#187; dhe &#171;&#8212;pipe&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar mund\u00ebsia e menaxhimit t\u00eb sjelljes s\u00eb systemd-logind p\u00ebrmes variablave t\u00eb ambientit: $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_TO_FIRMWARE_SETUP,<br \/>\n          $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_TO_BOOT_LOADER_MENU dhe<br \/>\n          $SYSTEMD_REBOOT_TO_BOOT_LOADER_ENTRY. Me k\u00ebto variabla mund t\u00eb lidhen proceset e rinisjes ( \/run\/systemd\/reboot-to-firmware-setup, \/run\/systemd\/reboot-to-boot-loader-menu dhe<br \/>\n          \/run\/systemd\/reboot-to-boot-loader-entry) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 (\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 false);<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Tek ekipi &#171;systemctl reboot&#187; jan\u00eb shtuar opsionet &#171;&#8212;boot-load-menu=&#187; dhe<br \/>\n          &#171;&#8212;boot-loader-entry=&#187;, t\u00eb cilat lejojn\u00eb pas rinisjes t\u00eb zgjidhni nj\u00eb pik\u00eb specifike n\u00eb menun\u00eb e ngarkimit ose n\u00eb modin e ngarkimit;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar komanda e re e izolimit t\u00eb sandboxit &#171;RestrictSUIDSGID=&#187;, duke p\u00ebrdorur seccomp p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar krijimin e skedar\u00ebve me flamujt SUID\/SGID;\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar zbatimin si parazgjedhje t\u00eb kufizimeve &#171;NoNewPrivileges&#187; dhe &#171;RestrictSUIDSGID&#187; n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet me aktivizimin e m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb gjenerimit dinamik t\u00eb identitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit (&#171;DynamicUser&#187;);\n<li class=\"l\"> Cil\u00ebsimi i aplikuar si parazgjedhje n\u00eb skedar\u00ebt .link p\u00ebr politik\u00ebn e adres\u00ebs MAC=policy=persistent \u00ebsht\u00eb ndryshuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb pajisje. Nd\u00ebrfaqet e urave t\u00eb rrjetit, tunelave (tun, tap) dhe lidhjeve t\u00eb aggreguara (bond) nuk identifikohen p\u00ebrve\u00e7se me emrin e nd\u00ebrfaqes s\u00eb rrjetit, prandaj ky em\u00ebr tani p\u00ebrdoret si baz\u00eb p\u00ebr lidhjen e adresave MAC dhe IPv4. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar cil\u00ebsimi &#171;MACAddressPolicy=random&#187;, i cili mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr lidhjen e adresave MAC dhe IPv4 n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme;\n<li class=\"l\"> Skedar e krijuara p\u00ebrmes systemd-fstab-generator, skedar\u00ebt e nj\u00ebsive &#171;.device&#187; tani nuk p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse &#171;.mount&#187; si var\u00ebsi n\u00eb seksionin &#171;Wants=&#187;. Nj\u00eb lidhje e thjesht\u00eb e pajisjes tani nuk \u00e7on n\u00eb fillimin automatik t\u00eb nj\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr montimin, por nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e tilla ende mund t\u00eb fillohen p\u00ebr arsye t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr shembull, si pjes\u00eb e local-fs.target ose si var\u00ebsi nga nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e tjera, t\u00eb varura nga local-fs.target;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb komandat &#171;networkctl list\/status\/lldp&#187; \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr maska (&#171;*&#187; etj.) p\u00ebr filtrimin e grupeve t\u00eb caktuara t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeve rrjet n\u00eb lidhje me emrin e tyre;\n<li class=\"l\"> Variabla e mjedisit $PIDFILE tani vendoset duke p\u00ebrdorur rrug\u00ebn absolute, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb konfiguruar n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime p\u00ebrmes parametrin &#171;PIDFile=;&#187;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb numrin e server\u00ebve rezerv\u00eb DNS q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00ebse DNS-i kryesor nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar qart\u00eb, jan\u00eb shtuar publik\u00ebt <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/server\/\"   title=\"server\u00ebt\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"1823\">server\u00ebt<\/a>  Cloudflare (1.1.1.1). P\u00ebr t\u00eb anuluar list\u00ebn e server\u00ebve DNS rezerv\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret opsioni &#171;-Ddns-servers=&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> Kur zbulohet nj\u00eb kontrollor i pajisjes USB (USB Device Controller), sigurohet fillimi automatik i trajtuesit t\u00eb ri usb-gadget.target (kur sistemi funksionon n\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje periferike USB);\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr skedar\u00ebt e nj\u00ebsive \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar konfigurimi &#171;CPUQuotaPeriodSec=&#187;, i cili p\u00ebrcakton periudh\u00ebn e koh\u00ebs, n\u00eb lidhje me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn matet kuota p\u00ebr koh\u00ebn e procesorit, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb vendosur p\u00ebrmes konfigurimit &#171;CPUQuota=&#187;;\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr skedar\u00ebt e nj\u00ebsive \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar konfigurimi &#171;ProtectHostname=&#187;, q\u00eb ndalon sh\u00ebrbimet t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb informacionin e emrit t\u00eb hostit, edhe n\u00ebse kan\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsi t\u00eb \u00e7ertifikuara;\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr skedar\u00ebt e nj\u00ebsive \u00ebsht\u00eb realizuar konfigurimi &#171;NetworkNamespacePath=&#187;, q\u00eb lejon lidhjen e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb emrave me sh\u00ebrbimet ose nj\u00ebsit\u00eb socket p\u00ebrmes p\u00ebrcaktimit t\u00eb rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebr skedarin e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs s\u00eb emrave n\u00eb pseudofiskin \/proc;\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7aktivizuar z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e variablave t\u00eb mjedisit p\u00ebr proceset e nxisura p\u00ebrmes konfigurimit &#171;ExecStart=&#187;, duke shtuar simbolin &#171;:&#187; p\u00ebrpara komand\u00ebs s\u00eb nisjes;\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebr timer\u00ebt (nj\u00ebsit\u00eb .timer) jan\u00eb propozuar flamuj t\u00eb rinj &#171;OnClockChange=&#187; dhe<br \/>\n&#171;OnTimezoneChange=&#187;, me ndihm\u00ebn e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve mund t\u00eb kontrollohet thirrja e nj\u00ebsis\u00eb me ndryshimin e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb sistemit ose zon\u00ebs hidrike;<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> Shtuar parametra t\u00eb rinj &#171;ConditionMemory=&#187; dhe &#171;ConditionCPUs=&#187;, q\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb kushtet p\u00ebr thirrjen e nj\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb memories dhe numrit t\u00eb b\u00ebrthamave t\u00eb CPU (p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor shum\u00eb burime mund t\u00eb niset vet\u00ebm n\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb nevojshme t\u00eb RAM-it);\n<li class=\"l\"> \u00cbsht\u00eb shtuar nj\u00eb nj\u00ebs i ri time-set.target, q\u00eb merr or\u00ebn sistemike t\u00eb vendosur lokal, pa p\u00ebrdorur sinkronizimin me server\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm t\u00eb koh\u00ebs t\u00eb sakt\u00eb p\u00ebrmes nj\u00ebsit time-sync.target. Nj\u00ebs i ri mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret nga sh\u00ebrbimet q\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr sakt\u00ebsi t\u00eb or\u00ebve lokale q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb sinkronizuara;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb &#171;systemctl start&#187; dhe komanda t\u00eb ngjashme \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni &#171;&#8212;show-transaction&#187;, me t\u00eb cilin paraqitet nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje e t\u00eb gjitha pun\u00ebve q\u00eb jan\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb radh\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb operacionit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb systemd-networkd \u00ebsht\u00eb implementuar nj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb re t\u00eb quajtur 'enslaved', e cila p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 'degraded' ose 'carrier' p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrfaqet rrjet\u00ebsore q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb pjes\u00eb n\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb agreguara ose ura rrjet\u00ebsore. P\u00ebr nd\u00ebrfaqet primare, n\u00eb rast problemesh me nj\u00eb nga lidhjet p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebse, \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar gjendja 'degraded-carrier';\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb .network \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni \u00abIgnoreCarrierLoss=\u00bb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur cil\u00ebsimet rrjet\u00ebsore n\u00eb rast t\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerjes s\u00eb lidhjes;\n<li class=\"l\"> P\u00ebrmes cil\u00ebsimit \u00abRequiredForOnline=\u00bb n\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb .network tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet gjendja minimale e lidhjes e nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar nd\u00ebrfaqen rrjet\u00ebsore n\u00eb \u00abonline\u00bb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb aktivizuar trajtuesin systemd-networkd-wait-online;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb systemd-networkd-wait-online \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni \u00ab--any\u00bb p\u00ebr t\u00eb pritur gatishm\u00ebrin\u00eb e ndonj\u00eb prej nd\u00ebrfaqeve rrjet\u00ebsore t\u00eb caktuara n\u00eb vend t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha, si dhe opsioni \u00ab--operational-state=\u00bb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar gjendjen e lidhjes q\u00eb tregon gatishm\u00ebrin\u00eb;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb .network jan\u00eb shtuar cil\u00ebsimet \u00abUseAutonomousPrefix=\u00bb dhe \u00abUseOnLinkPrefix=\u00bb, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb injoruar prefikset gjat\u00eb marrjes;<br \/>\nt\u00eb njoftimit nga rrug\u00ebzuesi IPv6 (RA, Router Advertisement);<\/p>\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb .network jan\u00eb shtuar cil\u00ebsimet \u00abMulticastFlood=\u00bb, \u00abNeighborSuppression=\u00bb dhe \u00abLearning=\u00bb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar parametrat e funksionimit t\u00eb ur\u00ebs rrjet\u00ebsore, si dhe cil\u00ebsimi \u00abTripleSampling=\u00bb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar modin TRIPLE-SAMPLING t\u00eb nd\u00ebrfaqeve virtuale CAN;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb nj\u00ebsit\u00eb .netdev jan\u00eb shtuar cil\u00ebsimet \u00abPrivateKeyFile=\u00bb dhe \u00abPresharedKeyFile=\u00bb, me ndihm\u00ebn e t\u00eb cilave mund t\u00eb specifikohen \u00e7el\u00ebsat private dhe t\u00eb ndar\u00eb (PSK) p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrfaqet WireGuard; <a class=\"wpil_keyword_link\" href=\"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/vpn\/\"   title=\"VPN\" data-wpil-keyword-link=\"linked\"  data-wpil-monitor-id=\"31\">VPN<\/a>;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb \/etc\/crypttab jan\u00eb shtuar opsionet same-cpu-crypt dhe submit-from-crypt-cpus, q\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb sjelljen e planifikuesit gjat\u00eb migrimit midis b\u00ebrthamave CPU t\u00eb pun\u00ebve t\u00eb lidhura me enkriptimin;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb systemd-tmpfiles \u00ebsht\u00eb siguruar trajtimi i skedarit t\u00eb bllokimit p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb kryhen operacione n\u00eb kataloget me skedar\u00eb p\u00ebrkoh\u00ebsor\u00eb, duke lejuar q\u00eb gjat\u00eb ekzekutimit t\u00eb disa veprimeve t\u00eb ndalohet puna p\u00ebr pastrimin e skedar\u00ebve t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr (p.sh., gjat\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb arkivi tar n\u00eb \/tmp, mund t\u00eb zbulohet skedar\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb fshihen deri sa t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb veprimi me to);\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb komand\u00ebn \u00absystemd-analyze cat-config\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar analiza e konfigurimit t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb disa skedare, p\u00ebr shembull, cil\u00ebsimet paraprake t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesve dhe atyre sistemore, p\u00ebrmbajtja e tmpfiles.d dhe sysusers.d, rregullat e udev etj.\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb \u00abjournalctl\u00bb \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar opsioni \u00ab--cursor-file=\u00bb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar skedarin p\u00ebr ngarkimin dhe ruajtjen e treguesit t\u00eb pozicionit;\n<li class=\"l\"> N\u00eb systemd-detect-virt \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar p\u00ebrcaktimi i hipervizor\u00ebve ACRN dhe n\u00ebnshkrimi WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) p\u00ebr deg\u00ebzim t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm me ndihm\u00ebn e operatorit kushtor \u00abConditionVirtualization\u00bb;\n<li class=\"l\"> Gjat\u00eb instalimit t\u00eb systemd (n\u00eb realizimin e \u00abninja install\u00bb) \u00ebsht\u00eb ndaluar krijimi i lidhjeve simbolike n\u00eb katalogun \/etc p\u00ebr skedar\u00ebt systemd-networkd.service, systemd-networkd.socket,<br \/>\n          systemd-resolved.service, remote-cryptsetup.target, remote-fs.target,<br \/>\n          systemd-networkd-wait-online.service dhe systemd-timesyncd.service. P\u00ebr krijimin e k\u00ebtyre skedar\u00ebve tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb ekzekutoni komand\u00ebn \u00absystemctl preset-all\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Burimi: <a content=\"nofollow\" rel=\"nofollow\" href=\"https:\/\/www.opennet.ru\/opennews\/art.shtml?num=50497\">opennet.ru<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 systemd 242. \u0418\u0437 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0443\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 L2TP, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c systemd-logind \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432 XBOOTLDR \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \/boot, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432 overlayfs, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u044e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0412 systemd-networkd [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[702],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-31439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-news"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One 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