{"id":31805,"date":"2019-10-31T21:43:13","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:43:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/tsifrovoe-radio-dab-kak-eto-rabotaet-i-nuzhno-li-ono-voobshhe\/"},"modified":"2021-02-01T11:37:14","modified_gmt":"2021-02-01T09:37:14","slug":"tsifrovoe-radio-dab-kak-eto-rabotaet-i-nuzhno-li-ono-voobshhe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/tsifrovoe-radio-dab-kak-eto-rabotaet-i-nuzhno-li-ono-voobshhe","title":{"rendered":"Radio dixhital DAB+ \u2014 si funksionon dhe a \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje Habr.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitet e fundit, n\u00eb territorin e Rusis\u00eb, Ukrain\u00ebs dhe Bjellorusis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb debatuar p\u00ebr hyrjen e Standardit t\u00eb Radios Digitale DAB+. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Rusi procesi derim\u00eb tani nuk ka p\u00ebrparuar, n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb dhe Bjellorusi duket se kan\u00eb kaluar tashm\u00eb n\u00eb transmetimin testues.<\/p>\n

\"Radio<\/p>\n

Si funksionon kjo, cilat jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimet dhe disavantazhet, dhe a \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme? Detajet m\u00eb posht\u00eb.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Shkenca<\/h2>\n

Ideja e radios digjitale filloi t\u00eb formohej n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve '80, kur u b\u00eb e qart\u00eb se \"hap\u00ebsirat\" n\u00eb band\u00ebn e zakonshme FM nuk mjaftonin p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb d\u00ebshmitar\u00ebt - n\u00eb qytetet e m\u00ebdha, spektri i lir\u00eb n\u00eb band\u00ebn 88-108 MHz ishte shfryt\u00ebzuar. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim, DAB konsiderohej nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb e mir\u00eb - ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb standard digjital, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin fal\u00eb kodimit m\u00eb efikas, mund t\u00eb vendosen m\u00eb shum\u00eb stacione. N\u00eb versionin e par\u00eb DAB p\u00ebrdorej kodeku MP2, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb versionin e dyt\u00eb (DAB+) p\u00ebrdoret HE-AAC m\u00eb i ri. Ky standard vet\u00eb, sipas masave moderne, \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i vjet\u00ebr - stacioni i par\u00eb DAB nisi pun\u00ebn n\u00eb vitin 1995, nd\u00ebrsa stacioni DAB+ n\u00eb vitin 2007. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, \"mosh\u00ebn\" e standardit e b\u00ebn at\u00eb nj\u00eb avantaj, sepse tani nuk ka problem t\u00eb blesh nj\u00eb radio-prit\u00ebs sipas d\u00ebshir\u00ebs dhe financave.<\/p>\n

Dallimet midis DAB dhe FM-s\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00ebse t\u00eb shumta. Problemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm se nj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \"digjital\" dhe tjetri \"analog\". Dallojn\u00eb edhe parimet e transmetimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes. N\u00eb FM secila stacion transmeton vet\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb DAB+ t\u00eb gjitha stacionet jan\u00eb t\u00eb bashkuara n\u00eb nj\u00eb \"multiplex\", n\u00eb secilin prej t\u00eb cilave mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb deri n\u00eb 16 stacione. Kanale t\u00eb ndryshme frekuencash jan\u00eb parashikuar, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb vende t\u00eb ndryshme mund t\u00eb zgjedhin ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb lira nga sh\u00ebrbimet e tjera.
\n\"Radio<\/p>\n

Nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i biznesit, ky ndryshim shkakton nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb diskutimesh mes transmetuesve n\u00eb lidhje me m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e transmetimit n\u00eb multiplex. M\u00eb par\u00eb, transmetuesit merrnin vet\u00eb licenc\u00ebn p\u00ebr frekuenc\u00ebn, blinin anten\u00ebn dhe transmetuesin, tani licenca do t'u jepet operatorit t\u00eb multiplex-it, i cili do t\u00eb qiriste kanalet stacioneve radio. A \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb kjo apo m\u00eb keq, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuash, disa e kan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka t\u00eb tyre, disa e preferojn\u00eb qiran\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, DAB ka nj\u00eb disavantazh t\u00eb madh p\u00ebr d\u00ebgjuesit - \u00e7mimi i qiras\u00eb s\u00eb multiplex-it varet nga bitrate-i<\/u>. N\u00ebse duam t\u00eb zgjedhim mes 192 dhe 64kbps... mendoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se cila do t\u00eb zgjidhet. N\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb transmetosh n\u00eb FM me cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb dob\u00ebt, n\u00eb DAB kjo madje inkurajohet ekonomikisht (e qart\u00eb q\u00eb kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb faji i zhvilluesve t\u00eb standardit, por megjithat\u00eb). \u00c7mimet ruse p\u00ebr momentin jan\u00eb natyrisht t\u00eb panjohura, por p\u00ebr shembull, \u00e7mimet angleze mund t\u00eb shqyrtohen. k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Nga nj\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim teknik, multipeksti DAB+ p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb sinjal t\u00eb gj\u00ebr\u00eb, me nj\u00eb gjer\u00ebsi spektri rreth 1.5MHz, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb mir\u00eb i duksh\u00ebm me an\u00eb t\u00eb transmetuesit RTL-SDR.
\n\"Radio<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar n\u00eb PDF mund t\u00eb gjendet. k\u00ebtu<\/a><\/noindex>.<\/p>\n

Standarde konkurruese<\/h2>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, nuk jan\u00eb aq shum\u00eb. N\u00eb Evrop\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret DAB+, n\u00eb SHBA standardi HD Radio<\/a><\/noindex>, n\u00eb Indi jan\u00eb kryer eksperimente me standardin DRM<\/a><\/noindex>, por \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet se si kan\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar ato.<\/p>\n

Karta \u00ebsht\u00eb paksa e vjet\u00ebr (n\u00eb Rusi gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb testuar DRM, por u braktis), por mund t\u00eb kuptohet ideja e p\u00ebrgjithshme:
\n\"Radio
\n(burimi e2e.ti.com\/blogs_\/b\/behind_the_wheel\/archive\/2014\/10\/08\/sdr-solves-the-digital-radio-conundrum<\/a><\/noindex>)<\/p>\n

Ndryshe nga DAB, krijuesit e standardit HD Radio ndjek\u00ebn nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u2014 sinjali digjital vendoset pik\u00ebrisht af\u00ebr analogut, duke lejuar transmetuesit t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin antenat dhe kullat e tyre.
\n\"Radio<\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, kjo nuk zgjidh problemin p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin filloi gjith\u00e7ka \u2014 problemin e munges\u00ebs s\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb lira n\u00eb spektrin. Po ashtu, gjeografikisht (dhe ndoshta politikisht), n\u00eb vendet ish-Sovjetike, prania e standardit evropian duket m\u00eb logjike se sa p\u00ebrdorimi i atij amerikan \u2014 b\u00ebhet m\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb blihen produkte evropiane dhe marr\u00ebs. N\u00eb vitin 2011 kishte ende p\u00ebrmendje<\/a><\/noindex>e standardit rus RAVIS<\/p>\n

Testimi<\/h2>\n

, por gjith\u00e7ka ndaloi (dhe faleminderit p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, sepse nj\u00eb standard digjital t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht i papajtuesh\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e keqja q\u00eb mund t\u00eb imagjinohet p\u00ebr radio-d\u00ebgjuesit).<\/p>\n

M\u00eb n\u00eb fund, le t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn praktike, dmth. testimin. Aktualisht n\u00eb Rusi DAB nuk funksionon, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim regjistrimet SDR nga multipeksti holandez. T\u00eb interesuarit nga vendet e tjera gjithashtu mund t\u00eb bashkohen dhe t\u00eb m\u00eb d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb regjistrime n\u00eb format IQ, un\u00eb do t'i p\u00ebrpunoj dhe do t\u00eb b\u00ebj nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse. \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb n\u00eb DAB? Duke qen\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb standard digjital, mund ta dekodosh me nj\u00eb kompjuter dhe transmetuesin rtl-sdr. Ka dy programe \u2014<\/a><\/noindex> dhe qt-dab<\/a><\/noindex>Welle.io<\/p>\n

, t\u00eb dyja funksionojn\u00eb me rtl-sdr.<\/a><\/noindex> duket si nj\u00eb punim kursi t\u00eb studentit dhe autori duket se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr dizajnin - shkrifti nuk p\u00ebrshtatet n\u00eb kontrolla, dritaret nuk zmadhohen. Por p\u00ebr ne, m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmja \u00ebsht\u00eb se ajo lejon leximin dhe shkrimin e skedar\u00ebve IQ.
\n\"Radio<\/p>\n

qt-dab<\/a><\/noindex> ndodhet ende n\u00eb faz\u00ebn beta, me gjith\u00eb at\u00eb punon shum\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb dhe dekodon me cil\u00ebsi m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb. Gjithashtu, ka mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb shum\u00eb informacione shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr debugging:
\n\"Radio<\/p>\n

Por welle.io ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb punoj\u00eb me skedar\u00ebt iq, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim Qt-dab.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr testim kam ngarkuar 3 skedar\u00eb n\u00eb cloud.mail.ru, secili ka nj\u00eb regjistrim nj\u00ebminut\u00ebsh t\u00eb DAB multiplex, me nj\u00eb madh\u00ebsi skedari rreth 500MB (kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb madh\u00ebsia e regjistrimeve IQ p\u00ebr SDR me gjer\u00ebsi bande 2.4MHz). Skedar\u00ebt mund t\u00eb hapen n\u00eb Qt-dab, lidhja p\u00ebr shkarkimin e t\u00eb cilit \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb lart.<\/p>\n

Skedari-1<\/b>: DAB-8A.sdr \u2014 cloud.mail.ru\/public\/97hr\/2QjuURtDq<\/a><\/noindex>. Muxha 8A punon n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 195.136MHz dhe p\u00ebrmban 16 stacione. Bitrate-i i t\u00eb gjitha stacioneve \u00ebsht\u00eb 64Kbps.
\n\"Radio<\/p>\n

Skedari-2<\/b>: DAB-11A.sdr \u2014 cloud.mail.ru\/public\/3VVR\/2mvjUjKQD<\/a><\/noindex>. Muxha 11A n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 216.928MHz. Ai p\u00ebrmban 6 stacione, me bitrate 48, 48, 48, 48, 64 dhe 48KBps p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht.
\n\"Radio<\/p>\n

Skedari-3<\/b>: DAB-11C.sdr \u2014 cloud.mail.ru\/public\/3pHT\/2qM4dTK4s<\/a><\/noindex>. Muxha 11C n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 220.352MHz, p\u00ebrmban gjithashtu 16 stacione. Bitrate-t e t\u00eb gjitha stacioneve jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht: 80, 80, 80, 80, 56, 96, 80, 64, 56, 48, 64, 64, 64, 96, 80 dhe 64Kbps.
\n\"Radio<\/p>\n

Si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, nuk ka probleme me numrin e stacioneve, por problemi kryesor \u00ebsht\u00eb bitrate i ul\u00ebt. Sa i p\u00ebrket vet\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjes, shijet jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme dhe nuk do ta diskutoj at\u00eb, ata q\u00eb duan mund ta shkarkojn\u00eb skedarin dhe ta d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb vet\u00eb. N\u00eb regjistrime nuk p\u00ebrfshihen t\u00eb gjitha muxhat, por ideja e p\u00ebrgjithshme, shpresoj, \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimet<\/h2>\n

N\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr perspektiv\u00ebn e transmetimit digjital t\u00eb radio-s, fatkeq\u00ebsisht, ato jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb trishtueshme. Avantazhi kryesor i DAB \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimi m\u00eb efikas i spektrit, q\u00eb lejon vendosjen n\u00eb eter t\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb stacioneve. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt, DAB+ ka kuptim vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr ato qytete ku nuk ka m\u00eb vend t\u00eb lir\u00eb n\u00eb FM. P\u00ebr Rusin\u00eb, ndoshta vet\u00ebm Moska dhe Sh\u00ebn Petersburg, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha qytetet e tjera nuk ka probleme t\u00eb tilla.<\/p>\n

Sa sajtit t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tingullit, teknikisht, DAB+ mund t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb nj\u00eb bitrate deri n\u00eb 192KBit\/s, q\u00eb do t\u00eb jap\u00eb nj\u00eb tingull pothuajse HiFi. N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, si\u00e7 e kemi par\u00eb m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, stacionet kursyejn\u00eb dhe nuk e kalojn\u00eb as nivelin 100KBit\/s. Nga tri multiplex, u gjet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb (!) stacion q\u00eb transmeton n\u00eb 96Kbps (dhe transmetimi i muzik\u00ebs me 48kbps nuk mund ta quaj ndryshe ve\u00e7se nj\u00eb ofendim \u2014 duhet t\u00eb hiqen licencat nga k\u00ebta transmetues;). Pra, me keqardhje, mund t\u00eb themi me siguri 99% se kalimi nga FM n\u00eb DAB do t\u00eb sjell\u00eb cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb tingullit m\u00eb e dob\u00ebt se ajo q\u00eb ishte<\/u>. Sigurisht, ndoshta n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera situata \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb, por p\u00ebr shembull, nj\u00eb shqyrtim anglez n\u00eb youtube me nj\u00eb titull q\u00eb flet vet\u00eb Pse DAB ting\u00ebllon kaq KEQ<\/a><\/noindex>. Teknikisht DAB \u00ebsht\u00eb i mir\u00eb dhe nuk ka ankes\u00eb ndaj tij, por ekonomikisht, \"para fitoi mbi t\u00eb keqen\".<\/p>\n

Duke u kthyer n\u00eb Rusin\u00eb, a duhet t\u00eb merremi me DAB? Nga pik\u00ebpamja e prestigjit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar, ndoshta po, q\u00eb t\u00eb mos dukemi si nj\u00eb vend i prapambetur n\u00eb syt\u00eb e fqinj\u00ebve tan\u00eb, dhe si nj\u00eb bonus, q\u00eb automjetet dhe radio-prer\u00ebsit e bler\u00eb n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb t\u00eb mund t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha stacionet. Por nga pik\u00ebpamja e d\u00ebgjuesve dhe cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tingullit, me sa duket, p\u00ebrdoruesit nuk do t\u00eb marrin asnj\u00eb plus n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e tingullit apo p\u00ebrmbajtjes.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse mendojm\u00eb p\u00ebr perspektivat afatgjata, ndoshta n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen radio-prer\u00ebsi do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb pajisje me nj\u00eb kart\u00eb e-sim t\u00eb integruar dhe nj\u00eb abonim n\u00eb Yandex-Music, Spotify ose Apple Music me blerjen. E ardhmja \u00ebsht\u00eb padyshim p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbime streaming dhe p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb personalizuar. Sa shpejt do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb kjo, do ta shohim, koha do t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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