{"id":32952,"date":"2019-10-31T21:49:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/kak-zavisit-perevod-termina-trunk-ot-vendora-kommutatorov\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:49:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:55","slug":"kak-zavisit-perevod-termina-trunk-ot-vendora-kommutatorov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/kak-zavisit-perevod-termina-trunk-ot-vendora-kommutatorov","title":{"rendered":"Si ndikon p\u00ebrkthimi i termit trunk nga prodhuesi i k\u00ebmbyesve?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

E vura re k\u00ebt\u00eb gabim (ose, n\u00ebse doni, keqkuptim) gjat\u00eb kontrollit t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthimit t\u00eb k\u00ebmbyesve NETGEAR. \u00c7\u00ebshtja \u00ebsht\u00eb se gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrkthimit t\u00eb termit \"trunk\"<\/strong> duhet patjet\u00ebr t\u00eb merret parasysh se cil\u00ebs interpretim i p\u00ebrmbahet prodhuesi \u2014 Cisco<\/strong> \u0438\u043b\u0438 HP<\/strong>, pasi midis tyre ka nj\u00eb kuptim shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm teknik.
\nLe t\u00eb merremi me k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/p>\n

T\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb problemin p\u00ebrmes shembujve t\u00eb m\u00ebposht\u00ebm:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1. Cisco<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Si<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2. HP<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Si<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Lexuesi i kujdessh\u00ebm do t\u00eb v\u00ebrej\u00eb se \"trunk\"<\/strong> n\u00eb k\u00ebto shembuj ka nj\u00eb kuptim t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Po fillojm\u00eb \"t\u00eb thellojm\u00eb\".<\/p>\n

<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Versioni i Cisco<\/h2>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Si<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Cisco<\/strong> n\u00eb \"trunk<\/strong>\u2019o\" kupton kanalin e tipit \"pik\u00eb-n\u00eb-pik\u00eb\"<\/em> (kanali i komunikimit q\u00eb lidh drejtp\u00ebrdrejt dy pajisje)<\/em>, e cila lidh nj\u00eb k\u00ebmbyes me nj\u00eb pajisje tjet\u00ebr rrjeti, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr k\u00ebmbyes ose nj\u00eb ruter. Detyra e tij \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb transmetoj\u00eb trafikun e disa VLAN-eve p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb kanali dhe t'u siguroj\u00eb atyre qasje n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rrjetin<\/em>. N\u00eb fjal\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme quhet \"trunk\"<\/strong>, gj\u00eb q\u00eb ka kuptim. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Principi i funksionimit<\/h3>\n

<\/p>\n

T\u00eb fillojm\u00eb me at\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb VLAN?<\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

VLAN<\/strong> n\u00ebnkupton Virtual Local Area Network<\/em> ose rrjeti lokal virtual. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb teknologji q\u00eb lejon ndarjen e nj\u00eb rrjeti fizik n\u00eb disa logjik\u00eb, duke funksionuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje ka departamentin e burimeve njer\u00ebzore<\/strong>, financ\u00ebn<\/strong> dhe departamenti IT<\/strong>. Ata kan\u00eb k\u00ebmbyes t\u00eb tyre, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb lidhur p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb k\u00ebmbyesi qendror n\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet t\u00eb vetme, dhe k\u00ebto rrjete departamentesh duhet t\u00eb ndahen nga nj\u00ebra-tjetra. K\u00ebshtu, teknologjia VLAN vjen n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Si<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu duket nj\u00eb rrjet i ndar\u00eb n\u00eb VLAN-e (rrjeta virtuale).<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Shpesh p\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar VLAN-in p\u00ebrdoren ngjyra t\u00eb ndryshme. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Si<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu, portet e sh\u00ebnuara me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb gjelb\u00ebr i p\u00ebrkasin nj\u00eb VLAN-i, nd\u00ebrsa portet e sh\u00ebnuara me ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb kuqe i p\u00ebrkasin nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. K\u00ebshtu, kompjuter\u00ebt q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb nj\u00eb VLAN, mund t\u00eb bashk\u00ebveprojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin<\/strong>, por me kompjuter\u00ebt n\u00eb VLAN t\u00eb tjet\u00ebr nuk mund t\u00eb bashk\u00ebveprojn\u00eb. <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Ndryshimet n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrlidhjes n\u00eb VLAN<\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/p>\n

Kur krijohen VLAN-e, n\u00eb tabel\u00ebn e nd\u00ebrlidhjes t\u00eb k\u00ebmbyesve shtohet nj\u00eb fush\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, ku tregohen identifikuesit e VLAN-it. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb kjo duket k\u00ebshtu: <\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"Si<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

K\u00ebtu shohim se portet 1 dhe 2 i p\u00ebrkasin VLAN-it 2, nd\u00ebrsa portet 3 dhe 4 \u2013 VLAN-it 10.<\/em><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

T\u00eb vazhdojm\u00eb. N\u00eb nivelin e kanalit t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat transmetohen n\u00eb form\u00ebn e kadrove (frames<\/em>). Kur transferimin e kader\u00ebve nga nj\u00eb switch n\u00eb tjetrin, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme informacioni se p\u00ebr cilin VLAN i p\u00ebrket ai ose ai kad\u00ebr. Ky informacion shtohet n\u00eb kad\u00ebrin e transferuar. Aktualisht, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb qellim, p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb standard i hapur. IEEE 802.1Q<\/strong>. Evolucioni hap pas hapi i kaderit n\u00eb VLAN<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Kompjuteri gjeneron dhe d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb kad\u00ebr t\u00eb zakont\u00eb (frami, i njohur gjithashtu si paketa e nivelit t\u00eb kanalit, pra, niveli i switches)<\/em>, pa shtuar asgj\u00eb. Ky kad\u00ebr duket k\u00ebshtu:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    <\/p>\n

    \"Si<\/p>\n

    <\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Switchi merr kad\u00ebr. Sipas tabel\u00ebs s\u00eb kalimit, ai kupton nga cili kompjuter ka ardhur kadri dhe cili VLAN e p\u00ebrket ky kompjuter. At\u00ebher\u00eb switchi vet\u00eb shton n\u00eb kad\u00ebr informacionin sh\u00ebrbyes, t\u00eb ashtuquajturin etiket\u00eb.<\/em> Etiketa \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fush\u00eb pas adres\u00ebs MAC t\u00eb d\u00ebrguesit, q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, numrin e VLAN-it. K\u00ebshtu duket kadri me etiket\u00eb:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      <\/p>\n

      \"Si<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      Pastaj, switchi d\u00ebrgon k\u00ebt\u00eb kad\u00ebr n\u00eb nj\u00eb switch tjet\u00ebr. <\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \n

        Switchi q\u00eb pranon kaderin e nxjerr informacionin p\u00ebr VLAN nga ai, duke kuptuar se tek cili kompjuter duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgohet ky kad\u00ebr, heq t\u00eb gjith\u00eb informacionin sh\u00ebrbyes nga kadri dhe e transmeton at\u00eb te kompjuteri i marr\u00ebsit.<\/p>\n

        \n<\/li>\n

      2. \n

        Tek kompjuteri i marr\u00ebsit arrin kadri tashm\u00eb pa informacionin sh\u00ebrbyes.<\/p>\n

        \n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        <\/p>\n

        Tani le t\u00eb kthehemi te \u201ctrunk<\/strong>\u2019i\u201d. Portat e switchit q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin VLAN mund t\u00eb ndahen n\u00eb dy grupe:<\/p>\n

        <\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Portat e etiketuar (ose portet trunk<\/em> i Cisco<\/strong>)<\/li>\n
        2. Portat e pa etiketuar (ose portet access<\/em>)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Na interesojn\u00eb portat e etiketuar ose portet trunk. Ato sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb transferuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin nj\u00eb porti<\/strong> mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgoj\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkasin VLAN-eve t\u00eb ndryshme<\/strong> dhe t\u00eb marr\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga disa VLAN n\u00eb nj\u00eb port (kujtojm\u00eb se zakonisht portat nga VLAN-e t\u00eb ndryshme nuk e shohin nj\u00ebri-tjetrin)<\/em>. <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          \"Si<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb ilust\u00ebrim, portat e etiketuar jan\u00eb numri 21<\/strong> dhe 22<\/strong>, q\u00eb lidhin dy switch-e. P\u00ebrmes tyre do t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb kadra, p\u00ebr shembull, nga kompjuteri E<\/strong> n\u00eb kompjuterin A<\/strong>, q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin VLAN, sipas skem\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar m\u00eb sip\u00ebr. <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Pra, kanali i komunikimit mes k\u00ebtyre portave quhet \u201c Cisco<\/strong> \u2019i.\u201dtrunk<\/strong>Si e interpreton ky term n\u00eb kompani? <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Version HP<\/strong><\/h2>\n

          <\/p>\n

          K\u00ebtu nuk flasim p\u00ebr VLAN. N\u00eb rastin e<\/strong> <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          \"Si<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          flasim p\u00ebr teknologjin\u00eb e agregimit t\u00eb kanaleve. At\u00ebher\u00eb HP<\/strong> \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \"trunk\"<\/strong> kanal logjik , i cili bashkon disa kanale fizik\u00eb.<\/em>, i cili bashkon several kanale fizike<\/em>. Ky k\u00ebt\u00eb bashkim rrit kapacitetin dhe besueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e kanalit. Le t\u00eb hedhim nj\u00eb sy n\u00eb shembuj. Supozoni se kemi dy switch-e, secili me kat\u00ebr porte dhe k\u00ebto porte jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me kat\u00ebr kabllo. <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          \"Si<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          N\u00ebse e l\u00ebm\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2014 thjesht lidhjet midis switch-eve \u2014 k\u00ebto lidhje do t\u00eb transmetojn\u00eb kadrot nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb rreth, dmth do t\u00eb formojn\u00eb ciklet<\/em> (e cila do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb q\u00eb kadrot e transmetimit t\u00eb duplikohen vazhdimisht, duke futur switch-et n\u00eb nj\u00eb stuhi t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb gjer\u00eb)<\/em>. <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          K\u00ebto lidhje duplikative konsiderohen t\u00eb tep\u00ebrta<\/em>, dhe ato duhet t\u00eb eliminohen, p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb q\u00ebllim ekziston protokolli STP (Spanning Tree Protocol). At\u00ebher\u00eb nga kat\u00ebr lidhjet tona, STP do t\u00eb ndal\u00eb tri, sepse do t'i konsideroj\u00eb t\u00eb tep\u00ebrta, dhe do t\u00eb mbetet vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb lidhje. <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Sidoqoft\u00eb, n\u00eb rast se ne bashkojm\u00eb k\u00ebto kat\u00ebr kanale fizike, midis switch-eve do t\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb kanal logjik me kapacitet t\u00eb rritur (shpejt\u00ebsia maksimale e transmetimit t\u00eb informacionit p\u00ebrmes kanalit n\u00eb nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi kohe<\/em>). Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se t\u00eb kat\u00ebr kanalet do t\u00eb aktivizohen nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh, dhe problemi me lidhjet e tep\u00ebrta do t\u00eb zgjidhet. Ky kanal logjik (t\u00eb aggreguar) quhet HP<\/strong> \u201ctrunk<\/strong>Si e interpreton ky term n\u00eb kompani? <\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          \"Si<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n

          Bashkimi i kanaleve mund t\u00eb konfigurohet midis dy switch-eve, nj\u00eb switch-i dhe nj\u00eb router-i. Nj\u00eb kanal logjik mund t\u00eb bashkoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb tet\u00eb kanale fizike. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha portet q\u00eb bashkohen n\u00eb kanal agregat t\u00eb ken\u00eb parameter t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta:<\/p>\n

          <\/p>\n