{"id":32958,"date":"2019-10-31T21:49:56","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pyat-problem-v-protsessah-ekspluatatsii-i-podderzhki-highload-it-sistem\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:49:56","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:56","slug":"pyat-problem-v-protsessah-ekspluatatsii-i-podderzhki-highload-it-sistem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/pyat-problem-v-protsessah-ekspluatatsii-i-podderzhki-highload-it-sistem","title":{"rendered":"Pes\u00eb probleme n\u00eb proceset e p\u00ebrdorimit dhe mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb sistemeve IT Highload","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje, Habr! Gjat\u00eb dhjet\u00eb viteve kam mb\u00ebshtetur sistemet IT Highload. Nuk do shkruaj n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull p\u00ebr problemet e konfigurimit t\u00eb nginx n\u00eb regjimin 1000+ RPS ose gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera teknike. Do ndaj v\u00ebzhgimet e mia mbi problemet n\u00eb proceset q\u00eb ndodhin gjat\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes dhe operimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre sistemeve. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Monitorimi<\/h2>\n

\nStafi i mb\u00ebshtetjes nuk pret derisa t\u00eb mb\u00ebrrij\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb me p\u00ebrmbajtjen \u2018Pse \u2026 faqja p\u00ebrs\u00ebri nuk funksionon?\u2019. Mb\u00ebshtetja duhet t\u00eb shoh\u00eb problemin dhe t\u00eb filloj\u00eb zgjidhjen e tij menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb faqes. Por faqja \u00ebsht\u00eb maja e ajsbergut.<\/b>Disponueshm\u00ebria e saj monitorohet si nj\u00eb nga prioritetet e para.<\/p>\n

Si t\u00eb veprosh kur stoku i produkteve n\u00eb nj\u00eb dyqan online ka ndaluar s\u00eb ardhuri nga sistemi ERP? Ose kur sistemi CRM, q\u00eb llogarit zbritjet p\u00ebr klient\u00eb, ka ndaluar s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjiguri? Faqja duket se funksionon. Nj\u00eb sistem si Zabbix merr p\u00ebrgjigjen e tij 200. Dita e zakonshme nuk ka marr\u00eb njoftime nga monitorimi dhe k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsisht shikon episodin e par\u00eb t\u00eb sezonit t\u00eb ri \u2018Loj\u00ebrat e Fronit\u2019.<\/p>\n

Shpesh monitorimi kufizohet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb matjen e gjendjes s\u00eb memories, RAM-it dhe ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb procesor\u00ebve. servera<\/a>.<\/b> Por p\u00ebr biznesin, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb sigurohet disponueshm\u00ebria e produkteve n\u00eb faqen e tij. R\u00ebnia e nj\u00eb makinerie virtuale n\u00eb klaster do t\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb trafikimit n\u00eb t\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb rritej ngarkesa mbi serverat e tjer\u00eb. Kompania nuk do t\u00eb humbas\u00eb para.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 monitorimit t\u00eb parametrave teknik\u00eb t\u00eb sistemeve operative n\u00eb servera, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb konfigurohen metrika biznesi. Metrika q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb financa. Nd\u00ebrveprimi i ndrysh\u00ebm me sistemet e jashtme (CRM, ERP dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb). Numri i porosive p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar. Autorizime t\u00eb suksesshme ose d\u00ebshtuar t\u00eb klient\u00ebve dhe metrika t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrveprimi me sistemet e jashtme.<\/h2>\n

\n\u00c7do faqe ose aplikacion mobil me nj\u00eb xhiro vjetore m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb miliard rubla nd\u00ebrvepron me sisteme t\u00eb jashtme. Duke filluar nga CRM dhe ERP t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb lart e deri te transferimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave p\u00ebr shitjet n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm Big Data p\u00ebr analiz\u00ebn e blerjeve dhe ofrimin e produkteve p\u00ebr klientin, q\u00eb ai me siguri do t'i blej\u00eb (n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb jo). \u00c7do sistem i till\u00eb ka mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb vet\u00ebn. Dhe shpesh t\u00eb folurit me k\u00ebto sisteme shkakton shqet\u00ebsim. Sidomos kur problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb global dhe duhet t\u00eb analizohet n\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Disa sisteme ofrojn\u00eb telefon ose telegram t\u00eb admin\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre. Diku duhet t\u00eb shkruash letra menaxher\u00ebve ose t\u00eb shkelesh n\u00eb bug trackerat e k\u00ebtyre sistemeve t\u00eb jashtme. Edhe brenda nj\u00eb kompanie t\u00eb madhe, sistemi t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm shpesh punojn\u00eb n\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave. T\u00eb gjurmohet statusi i k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb b\u00ebhet e pamundur. Merrni nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb Jira t\u00eb caktuar. Pastaj n\u00eb komentet e asaj Jira t\u00eb par\u00eb vendosni nj\u00eb lidhje te nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb n\u00eb Jira tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb Jira t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, dikush tashm\u00eb po shkruan nj\u00eb koment q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb telefonosh adminin e quajtur Andrei p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje.<\/b> Dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Zgjidhja optimale p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb problem do t\u00eb ishte krijimi i nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsire t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr komunikim, p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb Slack. Ftesa n\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e procesit t\u00eb operimit t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb jashtme. Po ashtu, nj\u00eb tracker t\u00eb vet\u00ebm, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos duplikuar k\u00ebrkesat. K\u00ebrkesat duhet t\u00eb gjurmohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend, duke filluar nga njoftimi i monitorimit deri te zgjidhja e gabimeve n\u00eb prodhim. Mund t\u00eb thoni se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur dhe historikisht ka ndodhur q\u00eb ne punojm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb tracker, nd\u00ebrsa ata n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Sistemet e ndryshme shfaqen dhe ato kan\u00eb ekipet e tyre autonome IT. E pranoj dhe prandaj problemi duhet t\u00eb zgjidhet nga lart, n\u00eb nivelin e CIO ose pronarit t\u00eb produktit.<\/p>\n

\u00c7do sistem me t\u00eb cilin nd\u00ebrveproni duhet t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje si nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim me nj\u00eb SLA t\u00eb qart\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemeve sipas prioriteteve. E jo kur admini i quajtur Andrei t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb minut\u00eb p\u00ebr ju.<\/p>\n

Njeriu si shishka e butel\u00ebs.<\/h2>\n

\n\u00c7do projekt (ose produkt) ka nj\u00eb person t\u00eb till\u00eb, largimi i t\u00eb cilit n\u00eb pushim shkakton shqet\u00ebsim te shefat? Ky mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb inxhinier devops, analist ose zhvillues. Vet\u00ebm inxhinieri devops e di se n\u00eb cilat server\u00eb jan\u00eb instaluar cilat kontejner\u00eb, si t\u00eb rimbush\u00eb nj\u00eb kontejner n\u00eb rast problemi dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi \u00e7do problem i komplikuar nuk zgjidhet pa t\u00eb. Analisti \u00ebsht\u00eb ai q\u00eb e di si funksionon mekanizmi juaj i komplikuar. \u00c7far\u00eb rrjedhjesh t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash shkojn\u00eb ku, n\u00eb cilat parametra pyetjesh n\u00eb cilat sh\u00ebrbime, \u00e7far\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjesh do t\u00eb marrim.
\nKush do t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb shpejt pse ka gabime n\u00eb regjistra dhe do ta riparoj\u00eb shpejt nj\u00eb gabim kritik n\u00eb prodhim? Sigurisht ai zhvilluesi i famsh\u00ebm. Ka dhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, por p\u00ebr \u00e7udin\u00eb time, vet\u00ebm ai e kupton si jan\u00eb t\u00eb organizuara modul t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb sistemit.<\/p>\n

Kjo problematik\u00eb rrjedh nga mungesa e dokumentacionit.<\/b>. Sepse, n\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha sh\u00ebrbimet e sistemit tuaj do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb dokumentuara, do t\u00eb ishte e mundur t\u00eb kuptonit problemin edhe pa nj\u00eb analist. Po t\u00eb kishte ndar\u00eb devops disa dit\u00eb nga grafiku i tij i ngjeshur p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar t\u00eb gjitha server\u00ebt, sh\u00ebrbimet dhe udh\u00ebzimet p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemeve tipike, at\u00ebher\u00eb problemi q\u00eb erdhi nga mungesa e tij do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjidhej edhe pa t\u00eb. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb shpejtoni s\u00eb paku p\u00ebr t\u00eb pir\u00eb birr\u00ebn tuaj n\u00eb plazh dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoni wi-fi p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur ndonj\u00eb problem.<\/p>\n

Kompedenca dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia e punonj\u00ebsve t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb projektet e m\u00ebdha, kompanit\u00eb nuk kursejn\u00eb n\u00eb pagat p\u00ebr zhvilluesit. Ata k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb mjaftuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb shtrenjt\u00eb mid-level ose senior\u00eb nga projekte t\u00eb ngjashme. Situata me mb\u00ebshtetje \u00ebsht\u00eb pak ndryshe. K\u00ebto shpenzime p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb reduktohen. Kompanit\u00eb pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb rinj t\u00eb pap\u00ebrvoj\u00eb dhe shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb betej\u00eb pa hezitim. Kjo strategji b\u00ebhet e mundur, n\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb faqe vizit\u00eb t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb fabrike n\u00eb Zelenograd.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb dyqan t\u00eb madh online, \u00e7do or\u00eb q\u00ebndrese kushton m\u00eb shum\u00eb se paga mujore e nj\u00eb tekniku t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb. Le t\u00eb marrim si pik\u00eb referimi 1 miliard rubla xhiro vjetore. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb xhiro minimale p\u00ebr \u00e7do dyqan online nga lista e TOP-100 p\u00ebr vitin 2018<\/a><\/noindex>. E ndar\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb me numrin e or\u00ebve n\u00eb vit, ne marrim m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100,000 rubla humbje t\u00eb past\u00ebr. Dhe n\u00ebse nuk llogarisim or\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs, at\u00ebher\u00eb mund ta dyfishojm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shif\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Por parat\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha, apo jo?<\/b> (jo, natyrisht q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha) Ka gjithashtu humbje reputacioni. Nj\u00eb or\u00eb q\u00ebndrese e nj\u00eb dyqani t\u00eb njohur online mund t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb nj\u00eb val\u00eb komentesh n\u00eb rrjetet sociale, si dhe botime n\u00eb median e specializuar. Dhe bisedat e miqve n\u00eb kuzhin\u00eb n\u00eb stilin \"Mos blini asgj\u00eb atje, ata kan\u00eb nj\u00eb \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 q\u00eb nuk punon asnj\u00ebher\u00eb\" nuk mund t\u00eb matet fare.<\/p>\n

Tani p\u00ebr p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb. N\u00eb praktik\u00ebn time ka pasur nj\u00eb rast kur nj\u00eb administrator i nat\u00ebs nuk reagoi n\u00eb koh\u00eb ndaj njoftimit t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb monitorimit p\u00ebr papjeshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e faqes. N\u00eb nj\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme verore t\u00eb premten, faqja e nj\u00eb dyqani t\u00eb njohur online n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb ndaloi s\u00eb funksionuari. N\u00eb m\u00ebngjesin e s\u00eb shtun\u00ebs, produkti i k\u00ebsaj faqeje nuk e kuptoi pse faqja nuk hapet, dhe n\u00eb bisedat e mb\u00ebshtetjes dhe njoftimet urgjente n\u00eb Slack nuk kishte asgj\u00eb. Kjo gabim na kushtoi nj\u00eb shif\u00ebr me gjasht\u00eb shifra, dhe ndihm\u00ebn e administratorit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u zhvilluar. <\/b>Ajo ose e ka njeri, ose nuk e ka. Prandaj, gjat\u00eb intervistave, p\u00ebrpiqem t\u00eb zbuloj pranin\u00eb e saj p\u00ebrmes pyetjeve t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb indirekt n\u00ebse personi \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb mbi vete. N\u00ebse personi p\u00ebrgjigjet se zgjodhi universitetin, sepse k\u00ebshtu thonin prind\u00ebrit ose nd\u00ebrron pun\u00eb sepse gruaja tha se merr shum\u00eb pak, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb mos lidhemi me k\u00ebta njer\u00ebz.<\/p>\n

Bashk\u00ebveprimi me ekipin e zhvillimit<\/h2>\n

\nKur n\u00eb prodhim, gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit, p\u00ebrdoruesit hasin probleme t\u00eb thjeshta, mb\u00ebshtetja i zgjidh ato me forcat e saj. Mundohen t\u00eb riprodhojn\u00eb problemin, analizojn\u00eb logjet etj. Por \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb kur nj\u00eb defekt shfaqet n\u00eb prodhim? N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, mb\u00ebshtetja hap nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvilluesit dhe k\u00ebtu fillon e gjith\u00eb historia interesante.<\/p>\n

Zhvilluesit jan\u00eb vazhdimisht t\u00eb ngarkuar.<\/b> Ata jan\u00eb t\u00eb angazhuar n\u00eb krijimin e ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb reja. T\u00eb riparosh defekte n\u00eb prodhim \u00ebsht\u00eb th\u00ebn\u00eb se nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb detyra m\u00eb emocionuese. Afatet p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar sprintin e radh\u00ebs jan\u00eb t\u00eb ngushta. Dhe k\u00ebtu vijn\u00eb njer\u00ebz jo t\u00eb k\u00ebndsh\u00ebm nga mb\u00ebshtetja dhe thon\u00eb: \"B\u00ebni urgjentisht gjith\u00e7ka, kemi probleme\". Prioriteti i k\u00ebtyre detyrave \u00ebsht\u00eb minimal. Sidomos kur problemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb kritik dhe funksionaliteti themelor i faqes po funksionon, dhe kur menaxheri i l\u00ebshimit nuk po vrapon me syt\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtues dhe nuk shkruan: \"B\u00ebj\u00ebrini urgjentisht k\u00ebt\u00eb detyr\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebshimin e ardhsh\u00ebm ose hotfix.\"<\/p>\n

Detyrat me prioritet normal ose t\u00eb ul\u00ebt kalojn\u00eb nga nj\u00eb l\u00ebshim n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb pyetjen \"Kur do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundohen detyrat?\" do t\u00eb merrni p\u00ebrgjigje si: \"M\u00eb fal, tani kemi shum\u00eb detyra, pyetni lider\u00ebt e ekipit ose menaxherin e l\u00ebshimit.\"<\/p>\n

Problemet n\u00eb prodhim kan\u00eb prioritet m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb se krijimi i ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb reja. Komentet negative nuk do t\u00eb vonojn\u00eb, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdoruesit vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb hasin defekte. Rregullimi i reputacionit t\u00eb prishur \u00ebsht\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Problemet e bashk\u00ebveprimit t\u00eb zhvillimit dhe mb\u00ebshtetjes i zgjidh DevOps.<\/b> Kjo akronim shpesh p\u00ebrdoret si nj\u00eb person i caktuar q\u00eb ndihmon n\u00eb krijimin e mjediseve testuese p\u00ebr zhvillimin, nd\u00ebrtimin e CICD pipeline-ve dhe nxjerrjen e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb kodit t\u00eb provuar n\u00eb prodhim. DevOps \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qasje p\u00ebr zhvillimin e softuerit, ku t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e procesit bashk\u00ebveprojn\u00eb ngusht\u00ebsisht dhe ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb krijimin dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb produkteve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve softuerike. Kam parasysh analist\u00ebt, zhvilluesit, testuesit dhe mb\u00ebshtetjen.<\/p>\n

Mb\u00ebshtetja dhe zhvillimi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qasje nuk jan\u00eb departamente t\u00eb ndryshme me q\u00ebllime dhe detyra t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta. Zhvillimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i angazhuar n\u00eb operim dhe anasjelltas. Shprehja fam\u00ebkeqe e kolektiveve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara: \"Problemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn time\" tashm\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrmendet aq shpesh n\u00eb biseda, dhe p\u00ebrdoruesit fundor po b\u00ebhen pak m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur.
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Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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