{"id":32958,"date":"2019-10-31T21:49:56","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/pyat-problem-v-protsessah-ekspluatatsii-i-podderzhki-highload-it-sistem\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:49:56","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:49:56","slug":"pyat-problem-v-protsessah-ekspluatatsii-i-podderzhki-highload-it-sistem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/pyat-problem-v-protsessah-ekspluatatsii-i-podderzhki-highload-it-sistem","title":{"rendered":"Pes\u00eb probleme n\u00eb proceset e funksionimit dhe mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb sistemeve Highload IT","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje, Habr! Dhjet\u00eb vjet kam mb\u00ebshtetur sistemet Highload IT. Nuk do t\u00eb shkruaj n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull mbi problemet e konfigurimit t\u00eb nginx p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar n\u00eb modin 1000+ RPS ose gj\u00ebrat e tjera teknike. Do t\u00eb ndaj v\u00ebzhgimet mbi problemet n\u00eb proceset q\u00eb shfaqen n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje dhe funksionimin e k\u00ebtyre sistemeve. <\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

Monitorimi<\/h2>\n

\nSupport-i nuk pret derisa t\u00eb vije nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb me p\u00ebrmbajtjen \"Pse... faqeja p\u00ebrs\u00ebri nuk funksionon?\". Mb\u00ebshtetja duhet t\u00eb shoh\u00eb problemin dhe t\u00eb filloj\u00eb ta zgjidh\u00eb at\u00eb nj\u00eb minut\u00eb pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb faqes. Por faqja \u00ebsht\u00eb maja e ajsbergut.<\/b>. Disponueshm\u00ebria e saj monitorohet si nj\u00eb nga t\u00eb parat.<\/p>\n

Si t\u00eb veprohet n\u00eb situat\u00ebn kur mbetjet e mallrave n\u00eb dyqanin online kan\u00eb ndaluar s\u00eb ardhuri nga sistemi ERP? Ose sistemi CRM, i cili llogarit zbritjet p\u00ebr klient\u00ebt, ka ndaluar s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjiguri? Faqja n\u00eb dukje funksionon. Zabbix merr p\u00ebrgjigjen e tij 200. Nd\u00ebrrimi i rojes nuk ka marr\u00eb ndonj\u00eb njoftim nga monitorimi dhe me g\u00ebzim po shikon serin\u00eb e par\u00eb t\u00eb sezonit t\u00eb ri \"Loj\u00ebrat e Fronit\".<\/p>\n

Shpesh monitorimi kufizohet vet\u00ebm n\u00eb matjen e gjendjes s\u00eb memories, RAM-it dhe ngarkes\u00ebs s\u00eb procesor\u00ebve. server\u00ebsh<\/a>.<\/b> Por p\u00ebr biznesin \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb marr\u00eb disponueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e mallrave n\u00eb faqen. Nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie e nd\u00ebrsjell\u00eb e nj\u00eb makine virutale n\u00eb grup do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb faktin q\u00eb trafiku do t\u00eb ndaloj\u00eb duke u drejtuar atij dhe ngarkesa do t\u00eb rritet n\u00eb server\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb. Kompania nuk do t\u00eb humbas\u00eb para.<\/p>\n

Prandaj, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 monitorimit t\u00eb parametrave teknik\u00eb t\u00eb sistemeve operative n\u00eb servera, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb konfigurohen metrikat e biznesit. Metrikat q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb para. Ndryshimet e ndryshme me sistemet e jashtme (CRM, ERP dhe t\u00eb tjera). Numri i porosive p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar kohe. Autorizimet e suksesshme ose jo t\u00eb klient\u00ebve dhe metrika t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrveprimi me sistemet e jashtme.<\/h2>\n

\n\u00c7do faqe ose aplikacion mobil me nj\u00eb qarkullim vjetor m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb miliard rubla nd\u00ebrvepron me sisteme t\u00eb jashtme. Duke filluar nga CRM dhe ERP t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura m\u00eb sip\u00ebr dhe p\u00ebrfunduar me transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mbi shitjet n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm Big Data p\u00ebr analizimin e blerjeve dhe ofert\u00ebn p\u00ebr klientin e nj\u00eb produkti q\u00eb ai gjithmon\u00eb do t\u00eb blej\u00eb (n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, jo). \u00c7do sistem i till\u00eb ka mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb tij. Dhe shpesh komunikimi me k\u00ebto sisteme shkakton dhimbje. Sidomos kur problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb global dhe duhet t\u00eb analizohet n\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/p>\n

Disa disa sisteme ofrojn\u00eb telefon apo telegram menaxher\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre. Disa her\u00eb duhet t\u00eb d\u00ebrgosh email menaxher\u00ebve ose t\u00eb shkuash n\u00eb sistemet e gjurmimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre sistemeve t\u00eb jashtme. Edhe brenda nj\u00eb kompanie t\u00eb madhe, sisteme t\u00eb ndryshme shpesh funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb sisteme t\u00eb ndryshme p\u00ebr regjistrimin e k\u00ebrkesave. T\u00eb ndjek\u00ebsh statusin e nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkese her\u00eb pas here b\u00ebhet e pamundur. Merrni nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb Jira t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme. Pastaj, n\u00eb komentet e asaj Jira t\u00eb par\u00eb vendosni nj\u00eb lidhje me nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb Jira tjet\u00ebr. N\u00eb Jira t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, dikush tashm\u00eb shkruan nj\u00eb koment se duhet t\u00eb telefononi administratorin e supozuar Andrey p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur problemin.<\/b> Dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb zgjidhje optimale p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb problem do t\u00eb ishte krijimi i nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsire unike p\u00ebr komunikim, p\u00ebr shembull n\u00eb Slack. Ftesa p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit n\u00eb procesin e operimit t\u00eb sistemeve t\u00eb jashtme. Po ashtu, nj\u00eb gjurmues unik, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos e dubluar k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn. K\u00ebrkesat duhet t\u00eb ndjekin n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend, duke filluar nga njoftimi i monitorimit deri te zgjidhja e gabimeve n\u00eb prodhim. Mund t\u00eb thoni se kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb reale dhe historikisht keni punuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjurmues, dhe ata n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. K\u00ebtu jan\u00eb shfaqur sisteme t\u00eb ndryshme, dhe ato kishin ekipet e tyre autonome t\u00eb IT-s\u00eb. Pajtohem dhe prandaj problemi duhet t\u00eb zgjidhet n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb larta nga CIO ose pronari i produktit.<\/p>\n

\u00c7do sistem me t\u00eb cilin ju bashk\u00ebpunoni duhet t\u00eb ofroj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje si nj\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim me nj\u00eb SLA t\u00eb qart\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemeve sipas prioriteteve. Dhe jo kur ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb administratori i supozuar Andrey ka nj\u00eb minut\u00eb p\u00ebr ju.<\/p>\n

Njeriu - ngushtica<\/h2>\n

\n\u00c7do projekt (ose produkt) ka nj\u00eb person t\u00eb till\u00eb, i mungesa e t\u00eb cilit n\u00eb pushim shkakton trembje te menaxher\u00ebt? Mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb inxhinier devops, analisti ose programuesi. Sepse vet\u00ebm inxhinieri devops di se n\u00eb cilat server\u00eb jan\u00eb instaluar cilat konteiner\u00eb, si t\u00eb rindez nj\u00eb konteiner n\u00eb rast problemi, dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, \u00e7do problem kompleks nuk zgjidhet pa t\u00eb. Analisti \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi q\u00eb e di se si funksionon mekanizmi juaj i komplikuar. Cil\u00ebt flukset e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave shkojn\u00eb ku, n\u00ebn cilat parametra k\u00ebrkesat n\u00eb cilat sh\u00ebrbime, cilat do t\u00eb marrim si p\u00ebrgjigje.
\nKush do t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb shpejt pse ka gabime n\u00eb loge dhe do t\u00eb rregulloj\u00eb shpejt nj\u00eb bug kritik n\u00eb prodhim? Sigurisht, ai programuesi. Ka edhe t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, por p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb arsye, vet\u00ebm ai e kupton se si jan\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara modulet e ndryshme t\u00eb sistemit.<\/p>\n

Rruga kryesore e k\u00ebtij problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e dokumentacionit<\/b>Sepse n\u00ebse t\u00eb gjitha sh\u00ebrbimet e sistemit tuaj do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara, at\u00ebher\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte e mundur t\u00eb zgjidhnit problemin edhe pa nj\u00eb analist. N\u00ebse devops do t\u00eb kishte ndar\u00eb disa dit\u00eb nga grafiku i tij t\u00eb ngarkuar dhe do t\u00eb kishte p\u00ebrshkruar t\u00eb gjitha serverat, sh\u00ebrbimet dhe udh\u00ebzimet p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e problemeve tipike, problemi n\u00eb munges\u00ebn e tij do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb zgjidhej dhe pa t\u00eb. Nuk ka nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb ngacmohet shpejt t\u00eb pij\u00eb birr\u00ebn e tij n\u00eb plazh gjat\u00eb pushimit dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb wi-fi p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur nj\u00eb problem.<\/p>\n

Aft\u00ebsia dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia e punonj\u00ebsve t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb projektet e m\u00ebdha, kompanit\u00eb nuk kursehen n\u00eb paga p\u00ebr zhvilluesit. Ato k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb mid-level ose senior me pagesa t\u00eb larta nga projekte t\u00eb ngjashme. Situata me mb\u00ebshtetje \u00ebsht\u00eb pak ndryshe. K\u00ebto shpenzime p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb reduktohen n\u00eb \u00e7do m\u00ebnyr\u00eb. Kompanit\u00eb pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb lir\u00eb, t\u00eb sapodiplomuar dhe me guxim p\u00ebrballen me sfidat. Kjo strategji \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur n\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb faqe vizit\u00eb t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb fabrike n\u00eb Zelenograd.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr nj\u00eb dyqan t\u00eb madh online, \u00e7do or\u00eb ndalim kushton m\u00eb shum\u00eb se paga mujore e nj\u00eb administratori t\u00eb sapodiplomuar. T\u00eb marrim si pik\u00ebnisje 1 miliard rubla t\u00eb ardhura vjetore. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb minimalja p\u00ebr \u00e7do dyqan online nga renditja TOP-100 p\u00ebr vitin 2018<\/a><\/noindex>. Ta ndajm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb me numrin e or\u00ebve n\u00eb vit dhe do t\u00eb marrim m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100 000 rubla humbje t\u00eb pastra. Dhe n\u00ebse nuk i llogarisim or\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs, mund t\u00eb rrisim shum\u00ebn dyfish.<\/p>\n

Por parat\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka, apo jo?<\/b> (jo, natyrisht q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme) Ka gjithashtu humbje reputacioni. Nj\u00eb or\u00eb r\u00ebnie e nj\u00eb dyqani t\u00eb njohur online mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb si nj\u00eb val\u00eb komentesh n\u00eb rrjetet sociale, ashtu edhe publikime n\u00eb mediat tematike. Bisedat e miqve n\u00eb kuzhin\u00eb si \"Mos ble asgj\u00eb atje, faqja e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb e mbyllur\" nuk mund t\u00eb matet fare.<\/p>\n

Tani p\u00ebr p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb. N\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn time, kishte nj\u00eb rast kur admini n\u00eb turn nuk reagoi n\u00eb koh\u00eb ndaj njoftimit t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb monitorimit p\u00ebr mosaksesin e faqes. N\u00eb nj\u00eb mbr\u00ebmje t\u00eb k\u00ebndshme verore dhe faqja e nj\u00eb dyqani t\u00eb njohur online n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb qet\u00ebsisht ra. N\u00eb m\u00ebngjesin e t\u00eb shtun\u00ebs, produkti i k\u00ebtij siti nuk e kuptoi pse faqja nuk hapet, dhe n\u00eb bisedat e mb\u00ebshtetjes dhe njoftimeve urgjente n\u00eb Slack ishte qet\u00ebsi. Nj\u00eb gabim i till\u00eb na kushtoi nj\u00eb shum\u00eb me pes\u00eb shifra, dhe k\u00ebtij admini i kushtoi pun\u00ebn.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u zhvilluar. <\/b>Ai e di t\u2019i shkoj\u00eb njeriut a nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb. Prandaj, gjat\u00eb intervistave mundohem t\u00eb zbuloj pranin\u00eb e saj p\u00ebrmes pyetjeve t\u00eb ndryshme, t\u00eb cilat tregojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb indirekte n\u00ebse personi \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebsuar t\u00eb marr\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi p\u00ebr veten. N\u00ebse personi p\u00ebrgjigjet se e zgjodhi universitetin sepse k\u00ebshtu than\u00eb prind\u00ebrit, ose ndryshon pun\u00eb sepse gruaja tha se fiton pak, at\u00ebher\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb mos lidhemi me k\u00ebta njer\u00ebz.<\/p>\n

Bashk\u00ebpunimi me ekipin e zhvillimit<\/h2>\n

\nKur n\u00eb prodhim, gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit, p\u00ebrdoruesit hasin probleme t\u00eb thjeshta, mb\u00ebshtetjeja i zgjidh ato me forcat e saj. Mundohet t\u00eb riprodhoj\u00eb problemin, analizon log\u00ebt dhe k\u00ebshtu me radh\u00eb. Por \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb kur nj\u00eb bug shfaqet n\u00eb prodhim? N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, mb\u00ebshtetjeja hap nj\u00eb detyr\u00eb p\u00ebr zhvilluesit dhe k\u00ebtu fillon e gjith\u00eb historia interesante.<\/p>\n

Zhvilluesit jan\u00eb vazhdimisht t\u00eb ngarkuar.<\/b> Ata merren me krijimin e ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb reja. Korrigjimi i bug-eve q\u00eb dalin n\u00eb prodhim \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb aktivitet, le t\u00eb themi, jo shum\u00eb interesant. Ka afate t\u00eb ngushta p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfundimin e sprintit tjet\u00ebr. Dhe k\u00ebtu vijn\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb pak\u00ebndsh\u00ebm nga mb\u00ebshtetja dhe thon\u00eb: \"Shpejt, l\u00ebre gjith\u00e7ka, kemi probleme.\" Prioriteti i k\u00ebtyre detyrave \u00ebsht\u00eb minimal. Sidomos kur problemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb kritik dhe funksionaliteti kryesor i faqes funksionon, dhe kur menaxheri i l\u00ebshimeve nuk vrapon me sy t\u00eb mbushur dhe nuk shkruan: \"Shpejt, fut k\u00ebt\u00eb detyr\u00eb n\u00eb l\u00ebshimin m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt ose hotfix.\"<\/p>\n

Detyrat me prioritet normal ose t\u00eb ul\u00ebt kalojn\u00eb nga l\u00ebshimi n\u00eb l\u00ebshim. Kur pyet: \"Kur do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb detyra?\", do t\u00eb marr\u00ebsh p\u00ebrgjigje n\u00eb stilin: \"M\u00eb fal, tani kemi shum\u00eb detyra, pyet lider\u00ebt e ekipit ose menaxherin e l\u00ebshimeve.\"<\/p>\n

Problem\u00ebt n\u00eb prodhim kan\u00eb nj\u00eb prioritet m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb se krijimi i ve\u00e7orive t\u00eb reja. Opinione t\u00eb k\u00ebqija nuk do t\u00eb vonojn\u00eb, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrdoruesit do t\u00eb hasin vazhdimisht n\u00eb bug-e. T\u00eb rikuperosh nj\u00eb reputacion t\u00eb prishur \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\u00c7\u00ebshtjet e bashk\u00ebpunimit nd\u00ebrmjet zhvillimit dhe mb\u00ebshtetjes zgjidhen nga DevOps.<\/b> Kjo akronim p\u00ebrdoret shpesh n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb personi konkret, i cili ndihmon n\u00eb krijimin e ambienteve testuese p\u00ebr zhvillimin, nd\u00ebrton pipeline CICD dhe nxjerr shpejt kodin e testuar n\u00eb prodhim. DevOps \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qasje n\u00eb zhvillimin e softuerit, ku t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit e procesit bashk\u00ebpunojn\u00eb ngusht\u00eb me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin dhe ndihmojn\u00eb n\u00eb krijimin dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb produkteve dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve softuerike. Kam parasysh analist\u00ebt, zhvilluesit, testuesit dhe mb\u00ebshtetje.<\/p>\n

Mb\u00ebshtetje dhe zhvillimi n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb qasje nuk jan\u00eb departamente t\u00eb ndryshme me q\u00ebllime dhe detyra t\u00eb veta. Zhvillimi \u00ebsht\u00eb i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb operim dhe anasjelltas. \u00cbsht\u00eb m\u00eb pak e zakonshme q\u00eb fraza e njohur e kolektiveve t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndara: \"Problemi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn time\" t\u00eb shfaqet n\u00eb biseda, dhe p\u00ebrdoruesit p\u00ebrfundimtar\u00eb b\u00ebhen pak m\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur.
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Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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