{"id":32975,"date":"2019-10-31T21:50:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chto-slyshno-v-radioefire-prinimaem-i-dekodiruem-naibolee-interesnye-signaly\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:50:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:01","slug":"chto-slyshno-v-radioefire-prinimaem-i-dekodiruem-naibolee-interesnye-signaly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-slyshno-v-radioefire-prinimaem-i-dekodiruem-naibolee-interesnye-signaly","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7far\u00eb po ndodh n\u00eb eterin e radios? Pranojm\u00eb dhe dekodojm\u00eb sinjalet m\u00eb interesante","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje Habr.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb oborrin e 21-t\u00eb shekull, dhe duke u dukur se mund t\u00eb transferosh t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb cil\u00ebsi HD edhe n\u00eb Mars. Megjithat\u00eb, akoma ka shum\u00eb pajisje interesante q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn e radios dhe mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjosh sinjale interesante. <\/p>\n

\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nNatyrisht, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb shqyrtohen t\u00eb gjitha, do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb zgjedhim m\u00eb interesante, ato q\u00eb mund t\u00eb priten dhe t\u00eb dekodohen vet\u00eb me ndihm\u00ebn e kompjuterit. P\u00ebr t\u00eb pritur sinjalet, ne do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb marr\u00ebs online holandez. WebSDR<\/a><\/noindex>, dekoderin MultiPSK dhe programin Virtual Audio Cable.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr leht\u00ebsin\u00eb e shqyrtimit, ne do t\u00eb japim sinjalet sipas rritjes s\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebs. Un\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb diskutoj stacionet transmetuese, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e m\u00ebrzitshme dhe banale, ata q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb Radio Kin\u00ebn n\u00eb AM vet\u00eb. E ne do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb sinjalet m\u00eb interesante.<\/p>\n

Sinjalet e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 77.5kHz (domeni i val\u00ebve t\u00eb gjata) d\u00ebrgohen sinjalet e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb koh\u00ebs nga stacioni gjerman DCF77. K\u00ebto kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisim shkurtimisht, se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sinjal i thjesht\u00eb n\u00eb struktur\u00eb n\u00eb modulimin e amplitud\u00ebs \u2014 me koh\u00ebzgjatje t\u00eb ndryshme jan\u00eb koduar \"1\" dhe \"0\", duke rezultuar q\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb minut\u00eb pritet nj\u00eb kod 58-bit\u00ebsh.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n<\/p>\n

130-140kHz \u2014 telemetria e rrjeteve elektrike<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb k\u00ebto frekuenca, n\u00ebse besojm\u00eb faqes radioscanner<\/a><\/noindex>, d\u00ebrgohen sinjalet e kontrollit t\u00eb rrjeteve elektrike t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nSinjali \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i fort\u00eb dhe sipas komenteve, pritet edhe n\u00eb Australi. Mund t\u00eb dekodohet n\u00eb MultiPSK, n\u00ebse rregullohen parametrat si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar n\u00eb pamjen e ekranit.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nN\u00eb dalje do t\u00eb marrim paketa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, struktura e tyre nuk dihet natyrisht, ata q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb mund t\u00eb eksperimentojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb angazhohen n\u00eb analiz\u00eb gjat\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb lir\u00eb. Teknikisht, vet\u00eb sinjali \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb, metoda quhet FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) dhe konsiston n\u00eb formimin e nj\u00eb sekuence bit\u00ebsh duke ndryshuar frekuenc\u00ebn e transmetimit. E nj\u00ebjta sinjal, n\u00eb form\u00ebn e spektit \u2014 bit\u00ebt mund t\u00eb num\u00ebrohen edhe manualisht.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n<\/p>\n

Meteoteletype<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb spektin m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, shum\u00eb af\u00ebr, n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 147kHz duket nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr sinjal. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb (po ashtu gjerman) stacioni DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst), i cili d\u00ebrgon p\u00ebrmbledhje moti p\u00ebr anijet. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj frekuence, sinjalet d\u00ebrgohen gjithashtu n\u00eb 11039 dhe 14467kHz. <\/p>\n

Rezultati i dekodimit \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar n\u00eb pamjen e ekranit.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nParimi i kodimit t\u00eb teletypes \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, FSK, interesi k\u00ebtu p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson kodimin e tekstit. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb 5-bit\u00ebsh, me ndihm\u00ebn e kodit Bodo<\/a><\/noindex>, dhe ka nj\u00eb histori pothuajse 100-vje\u00e7are.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nDuket se nj\u00eb kod i ngjash\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur edhe n\u00eb perforimet, ndersa teletipet kan\u00eb qen\u00eb duke shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb informacionin e motit q\u00eb nga vitet '60, dhe si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, funksionojn\u00eb akoma. Natyrisht, n\u00eb nj\u00eb anije reale, sinjali nuk dekodohet me ndihm\u00ebn e kompjuterit \u2014 ekzistojn\u00eb marr\u00ebs t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb q\u00eb regjistrojn\u00eb sinjalin dhe e shfaqin at\u00eb n\u00eb ekran.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nN\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, edhe n\u00eb prani t\u00eb lidhjeve satelitore dhe Internetit, transmetimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb mbetet ende nj\u00eb mjet i thjesht\u00eb, t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Sigurisht, mund t\u00eb supozohet q\u00eb nj\u00eb dit\u00eb k\u00ebto sisteme do t\u00eb dalin n\u00eb histori dhe do t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen plot\u00ebsisht me sh\u00ebrbime digjitale. Prandaj, ata q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sinjal t\u00eb till\u00eb nuk duhet ta vonojn\u00eb shum\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Meteofax<\/h2>\n

\nNj\u00eb sinjal tjet\u00ebr legacy me nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb ngjashme t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sinjal, imazhi transmetohet n\u00eb form\u00eb analoge<\/i> me shpejt\u00ebsi 120 linjash n\u00eb minut\u00eb (ka edhe vlera t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr shembull 60 ose 240 LPM), p\u00ebr kodimin e ndri\u00e7imit p\u00ebrdoret modulimi i frekuenc\u00ebs \u2014 ndri\u00e7imi i \u00e7do pike t\u00eb imazhit \u00ebsht\u00eb proporcional me ndryshimin e frekuenc\u00ebs. Ky skem\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb lejonte transmetimin e imazheve edhe at\u00ebher\u00eb kur pak kush kishte d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr \"sinjalet digjitale\".<\/p>\n

Popullor n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn evropiane dhe i leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t'u pranuar \u00ebsht\u00eb stacioni gjerman DWD (Deutsche Wetterdienst), q\u00eb transmeton mesazhe n\u00eb frekuencat 3855, 7880 dhe 13882 KHz. Nj\u00eb organizat\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, faxet e t\u00eb cil\u00ebs jan\u00eb t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr t'u pranuar \u2014 Qendra Britanike p\u00ebr Meteorologjin\u00eb dhe Oceanografin\u00eb Operative, ata transmetojn\u00eb sinjale n\u00eb frekuencat 2618, 4610, 6834, 8040, 11086, 12390 dhe 18261 KHz.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb pranuar sinjale HF Fax, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni modin e marr\u00ebsit USB, p\u00ebr dekodimin mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni MultiPSK. Rezultati i pranimit p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb marr\u00ebsi websdr \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar n\u00eb figur\u00ebn:
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nKjo imazh u pranua pik\u00ebrisht gjat\u00eb shkrimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij teksti. \u00cbsht\u00eb e dukshme q\u00eb linjat vertikale jan\u00eb shkuar \u2014 protokolli \u00ebsht\u00eb analog, dhe sakt\u00ebsia e sinkronizimit k\u00ebtu \u00ebsht\u00eb kritike, edhe vonesat e vogla t\u00eb z\u00ebrit shkaktojn\u00eb nj\u00eb zhvendosje t\u00eb imazhit. Duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb marr\u00ebs \"t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb\" nuk do t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb efekt t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, ashtu si n\u00eb rastin e teletipit t\u00eb motit, n\u00eb anije askush nuk dekodon faxet me ndihm\u00ebn e kompjuterit \u2014 ekzistojn\u00eb marr\u00ebs t\u00eb specializuar (shembulli i figur\u00ebs nga fillimi i artikullit), t\u00eb cil\u00ebt e b\u00ebjn\u00eb gjith\u00eb pun\u00ebn automatikisht.<\/p>\n

STANAG 4285<\/h2>\n

\nTani e shqyrtojm\u00eb tani standardin m\u00eb modern t\u00eb transferimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb val\u00ebt e shkurtra \u2014 modemin Stanag 4285. Ky format \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar p\u00ebr NATO-n dhe ekziston n\u00eb variante t\u00eb ndryshme. Bazohet n\u00eb modulimin fazor, parametrat e sinjalit mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb, si\u00e7 tregohet n\u00eb tabel\u00eb, shpejt\u00ebsia mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb nga 75 deri n\u00eb 2400 bit\/s. Kjo mund t\u00eb duket pak, por duke marr\u00eb parasysh ambientin e transmetimit \u2014 val\u00ebt e shkurtra, me ndalesat dhe nd\u00ebrhyrjet e tyre, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rezultat i mir\u00eb.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nProgrami MultiPSK mund t\u00eb dekodoj\u00eb STANAG-un, por n\u00eb 95% t\u00eb rasteve rezultati i dekodimit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb vet\u00ebm \"mbetje\" \u2014 formati vet\u00eb ofron vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb protokoll bit p\u00ebr bit t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb koduara ose t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb format t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Disa sinjale, megjithat\u00eb, mund t\u00eb dekodohen, p\u00ebr shembull, regjistrimi i dh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb posht\u00eb n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 8453 KHz. Nuk arrita t\u00eb dekodoj ndonj\u00eb sinjal p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb marr\u00ebsi websdr, duket se transmetimi online prish struktur\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Ata q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkarkojn\u00eb skedarin nga nj\u00eb marr\u00ebs real p\u00ebrmes lidhjes cloud.mail.ru\/public\/JRZs\/gH581X71s<\/a><\/noindex>. Rezultatet e dekodimit n\u00eb MultiPSK jan\u00eb t\u00eb ilustruara n\u00eb screenshotin m\u00eb posht\u00eb. Si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, shpejt\u00ebsia p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb regjistrim \u00ebsht\u00eb 600 bps, duke kaluar si p\u00ebrmbajtje duksh\u00ebm nj\u00eb skedar tekstual.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\n\u00cbsht\u00eb interesante se si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet n\u00eb panoram\u00eb, ka shum\u00eb sinjale t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb eter:
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nNatyrisht, nuk t\u00eb gjitha prej tyre jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me STANAG \u2014 ekzistojn\u00eb protokolle t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb principe t\u00eb ngjashme. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb shembull, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim analiz\u00ebn e sinjalit Thales HF Modem<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Ashtu si n\u00eb rastin e sinjaleve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb shqyrtuara, p\u00ebr pranimin dhe transmetimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren pajisje t\u00eb specializuara. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr modem\u00ebt e paraqitur n\u00eb foto NSGDatacom 4539<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb deklaruar shpejt\u00ebsia nga 75 deri n\u00eb 9600 bps me nj\u00eb gjat\u00ebsi sinjali prej 3 KHz.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nShpejt\u00ebsia prej 9600 sigurisht, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb impresionuese, por duke marr\u00eb parasysh se sinjalet mund t\u00eb transmetohen edhe nga xhungla ose nga nj\u00eb anije n\u00eb oqean, p\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr pa paguar asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr trafik operatores s\u00eb komunikimit, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq keq.<\/p>\n

Tani, t\u00eb hedhim nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim m\u00eb t\u00eb af\u00ebrt n\u00eb panoram\u00ebn m\u00eb lart. Nga e majta ne shohim... sakt\u00ebsisht, t\u00eb mir\u00ebn e vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb alfabetit Morse. Pra, kalojm\u00eb te sinjali tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Kodi Morse (CW)<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 8423KHz e d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb at\u00eb. Arte e pranimit audio t\u00eb kodit Morse \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse e humbur tani, prandaj do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim MultiPSK (megjithat\u00eb, ajo e dekonstruon mjaft dob\u00ebt; programi CW Skimmer e b\u00ebn shum\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb).
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nSi\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, teksti DE SVO p\u00ebrcillet p\u00ebrher\u00eb, n\u00ebse besojm\u00eb faqes radioscanner<\/a><\/noindex>, stacioni ndodhet n\u00eb Greqi. <\/p>\n

Natyrisht, ka shum\u00eb pak sinjale t\u00eb tilla tani, por akoma ekzistojn\u00eb. Si nj\u00eb shembull, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim nj\u00eb stacion q\u00eb funksionon prej koh\u00ebsh n\u00eb 4331KHz, q\u00eb p\u00ebrcjell sinjale t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura \u201cVVV DE E4X4XZ\u201d. Si\u00e7 sugjeron Google, stacioni i p\u00ebrket Marin\u00ebs Izraelite. A ka ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr q\u00eb transmetohet n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb? P\u00ebrgjigjja \u00ebsht\u00eb e panjohur; ata q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb mund ta d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb dhe ta verifikojn\u00eb vet\u00eb. <\/p>\n

The Buzzer (\u0423\u0412\u0411-76)<\/h2>\n

\nMbyll lista jon\u00eb me sinjalin m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur \u2014 i njohur si n\u00eb Rusi ashtu edhe p\u00ebrtej saj, sinjali n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 4625KHz.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nSinjali p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr njoftimin e trupave dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga sinjale t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura, nd\u00ebrmjet t\u00eb cilave her\u00eb pas here p\u00ebrcillen fraza kodike nga nj\u00eb bllok shifrimi (fjal\u00eb abstrakte si \u201cKROLLIST\u201d ose \u201cBRAMIRKA\u201d). Disa thon\u00eb se kan\u00eb par\u00eb recepator\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00eb zyrat ushtarake, t\u00eb tjer\u00eb thon\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e sistemit \u201cdora e vdekur\u201d \u2014 n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi, sinjali \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mek\u00eb p\u00ebr adhuruesit e Stalker, teorive t\u00eb komplotit, \u201cluft\u00ebs s\u00eb ftoht\u00eb\u201d dhe shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr. Ata q\u00eb duan mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb \u201c\u0423\u0412\u0411-76\u201d dhe jam i sigurt se lexim interesant p\u00ebr mbr\u00ebmjen \u00ebsht\u00eb i garantuar (sidoqoft\u00eb, nuk duhet marr\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka e shkruar seriozisht). Megjithat\u00eb, sistemi \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft interesant, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn sepse funksionon ende q\u00eb nga koha e \u201cluft\u00ebs s\u00eb ftoht\u00eb\u201d, ndon\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet n\u00ebse dikush ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb tani. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimi<\/h2>\n

\nKy list\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb larg nga e plot\u00eb. Me ndihm\u00ebn e nj\u00eb receptori radiove, mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjosh (apo m\u00eb sakt\u00eb, t\u00eb shoh\u00ebsh) sinjale t\u00eb komunikimit me n\u00ebndet\u00ebse, radar\u00eb mbi horizont, sinjale q\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb shpejt dhe shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera. <\/p>\n

Ja nj\u00eb shembull i fotografis\u00eb, e b\u00ebr\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht tani n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 8MHz, ku mund t\u00eb num\u00ebrosh minimum 5 sinjale t\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\n\u00c7far\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb ato \u2014 shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb e panjohur, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb burime t\u00eb hapura, t\u00eb gjitha nuk mund t\u00eb gjenden (ndon\u00ebse ka faqe t\u00eb tilla si www.sigidwiki.com\/wiki\/Signal_Identification_Guide<\/a><\/noindex> dhe www.radioscanner.ru\/base<\/a><\/noindex>). Studimi i sinjaleve t\u00eb till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft interesante si nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i matematik\u00ebs, programimit dhe COS, ashtu edhe si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar di\u00e7ka t\u00eb re rreth bot\u00ebs q\u00eb na rrethon.<\/p>\n

Interesant \u00ebsht\u00eb se, p\u00ebrkund\u00ebr zhvillimit t\u00eb Internetit dhe komunikimeve, radion jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb nuk e humb pozitat, por p\u00ebrkundrazi \u2014 mund\u00ebsia e transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave drejtp\u00ebrdrejt nga d\u00ebrguesi te marr\u00ebsi, pa censur\u00eb, kontroll t\u00eb trafikut dhe gjurmim t\u00eb paketave, mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet (edhe pse shpresojm\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mos ndodh\u00eb) s\u00ebrish aktuale\u2026
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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