{"id":32975,"date":"2019-10-31T21:50:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/chto-slyshno-v-radioefire-prinimaem-i-dekodiruem-naibolee-interesnye-signaly\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:50:01","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:01","slug":"chto-slyshno-v-radioefire-prinimaem-i-dekodiruem-naibolee-interesnye-signaly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/chto-slyshno-v-radioefire-prinimaem-i-dekodiruem-naibolee-interesnye-signaly","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7far\u00eb po d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb n\u00eb radion? Pranojm\u00eb dhe dekodojm\u00eb sinjalet m\u00eb interesante.","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetje Habr.<\/p>\n

Tani jemi n\u00eb shekullin 21, dhe duket se mund t\u00eb d\u00ebrgojm\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna n\u00eb cil\u00ebsi HD edhe n\u00eb Mars. Sidoqoft\u00eb, ende n\u00eb radion punohet me shum\u00eb pajisje interesante dhe mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjohen shum\u00eb sinjale intriguese. <\/p>\n

\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nSigurisht, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha, por do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi t\u00eb zgjedhim ato m\u00eb interesante, ato q\u00eb mund t\u00eb pranojm\u00eb dhe dekodojm\u00eb vet\u00eb me ndihm\u00ebn e kompjuterit. P\u00ebr pranimin e sinjaleve do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb receptor online nga Holanda. WebSDR<\/a><\/noindex>, dekoderin MultiPSK dhe programin Virtual Audio Cable.
\n<\/a><\/noindex><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr leht\u00ebsin\u00eb e shqyrtimit, do t\u00eb paraqesim sinjalet sipas rritjes s\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebs. Nuk do t'i shqyrtoj stacionet transmituese, \u00ebsht\u00eb e m\u00ebrzitshme dhe banale; d\u00ebgjuesit mund ta d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb Radio China n\u00eb AM vet\u00eb. Ne do t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb sinjalet m\u00eb interesante.<\/p>\n

Sinjalet e sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb koh\u00ebs<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 77.5 kHz (n\u00eb diapazonin e val\u00ebve t\u00eb gjata) transmetohen sinjalet e sakt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb koh\u00ebs nga stacioni gjerman DCF77. Ato kan\u00eb qen\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb artikull i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb<\/a><\/noindex>, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim vet\u00ebm shkurtimisht se ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb sinjal i thjesht\u00eb n\u00eb modulimin e amplitud\u00ebs \u2014 me gjat\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndryshme jan\u00eb koduar \u00ab1\u00bb dhe \u00ab0\u00bb, dhe n\u00eb fund p\u00ebr nj\u00eb minut\u00eb merret nj\u00eb kod 58-bit\u00ebsh.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n<\/p>\n

130-140KHz \u2014 telemetria e rrjeteve elektrike<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb k\u00ebto frekuenca, n\u00ebse e besojm\u00eb faqes radioscanner<\/a><\/noindex>, transmetohen sinjalet e kontrollit t\u00eb rrjeteve elektrike t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nSinjali \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i fort\u00eb dhe sipas raportimeve, pranohet madje edhe n\u00eb Australi. E mund t\u00eb dekodifikohet n\u00eb MultiPSK, n\u00ebse vendosen parametrat si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb treguar n\u00eb screenshot.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nN\u00eb dalje do t\u00eb marrim paketa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash, struktura e t\u00eb cilave natyrisht nuk dihet; ata q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb mund t\u00eb eksperimentojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb angazhohen n\u00eb analiz\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb lir\u00eb. Teknikisht, vet\u00eb sinjali \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i thjesht\u00eb, metoda quhet FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) dhe p\u00ebrfshin formimin e nj\u00eb sekuence bitore duke ndryshuar frekuenc\u00ebn e transmetimit. E nj\u00ebjta sinjal, n\u00eb form\u00ebn e spektrit \u2014 bitet mund t\u00eb num\u00ebrohen madje edhe me dor\u00eb.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n<\/p>\n

Meteoroteletajp<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb spektrin e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm, shum\u00eb af\u00ebr, n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 147KHz duket nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr sinjal. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb (po ashtu) stacioni DWD (Deutscher Wetterdienst), q\u00eb transmeton p\u00ebrmbledhjet e motit p\u00ebr anijet. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj frekuence, sinjalet transmetohen gjithashtu n\u00eb 11039 dhe 14467KHz. <\/p>\n

Rezultati i dekodimit shfaqet n\u00eb screenshot.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nPrincipi i kodimit t\u00eb teletipit \u00ebsht\u00eb i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb, FSK, interesi k\u00ebtu q\u00ebndron te kodimi i tekstit. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb 5-bit\u00ebsh, me an\u00eb t\u00eb kodit Bodo<\/a><\/noindex>, dhe ka nj\u00eb histori prej gati 100 vjet\u00ebsh.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nDuket se nj\u00eb kod i ngjash\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur edhe n\u00eb perforacionet, nd\u00ebrsa teletipat d\u00ebrgojn\u00eb parashikimet e motit gati q\u00eb prej viteve '60, dhe si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, funksionojn\u00eb edhe sot. Sigurisht, n\u00eb nj\u00eb anije reale sinjali nuk dekodohet me ndihm\u00ebn e kompjuterit \u2014 ekzistojn\u00eb marr\u00ebs t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb q\u00eb regjistrojn\u00eb sinjalin dhe e shfaqin at\u00eb n\u00eb ekran.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nN\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, edhe me pranin\u00eb e lidhjeve satelitore dhe Internetit, transmetimi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ende mbetet nj\u00eb metod\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb, e besueshme dhe ekonomike. Megjithat\u00eb, sigurisht, mund t\u00eb supozohet se nj\u00eb dit\u00eb k\u00ebto sisteme do t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb n\u00eb histori dhe do t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen plot\u00ebsisht nga sh\u00ebrbime digjitale. Prandaj ata q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb t\u00eb pranojn\u00eb nj\u00eb sinjal t\u00eb till\u00eb nuk duhet ta vonojn\u00eb shum\u00eb. <\/p>\n

Meteofaks<\/h2>\n

\nNj\u00eb sinjal tjet\u00ebr legacy me nj\u00eb histori pothuajse po aq t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sinjal, imazhi d\u00ebrgohet n\u00eb form\u00eb analogike<\/i> me nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi prej 120 linjash n\u00eb minut\u00eb (ka dhe vlera t\u00eb tjera, p\u00ebr shembull 60 ose 240 LPM), p\u00ebr kodimin e ndri\u00e7imit p\u00ebrdoret modulimi i frekuenc\u00ebs \u2014 ndri\u00e7imi i \u00e7do pike imazhi \u00ebsht\u00eb proporcional me ndryshimin e frekuenc\u00ebs. Kjo skem\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb lejonte transmetimin e imazheve q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb kur shum\u00eb pak njer\u00ebz kishin d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr \"sinjale digjitale\".<\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb stacion i njohur n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn evropiane dhe i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr pranimin \u00ebsht\u00eb stacioni gjerman DWD (Deutche Wetterdienst), i cili transmeton mesazhe n\u00eb frekuencat 3855, 7880 dhe 13882KHz. Organizata tjet\u00ebr, faxet e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb pranohen \u2014 qendra britanike Joint Operational Meteorology and Oceanography Centre, ata transmetojn\u00eb sinjalet n\u00eb frekuencat 2618, 4610, 6834, 8040, 11086, 12390 dhe 18261KHz.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb pranuar sinjalet HF Fax, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni modalitetin e pranuesit USB, p\u00ebr dekodimin mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorni MultiPSK. Rezultati i pranimit p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb pranuesi websdr \u00ebsht\u00eb i paraqitur n\u00eb figur\u00eb:
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nKy fjala \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar pik\u00ebrisht gjat\u00eb shkruarjes s\u00eb tekstit. Po ashtu, duket se linjat vertikale jan\u00eb zhvendosur \u2013 protokolli \u00ebsht\u00eb analog dhe sakt\u00ebsia e sinkronizimit \u00ebsht\u00eb kritike k\u00ebtu, madje edhe vonesat e vogla n\u00eb audio shkaktojn\u00eb nj\u00eb zhvendosje t\u00eb imazhit. Me p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb prur\u00ebsi 't\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb', nj\u00eb efekt i till\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Natyrisht, ashtu si\u00e7 ndodh me meteorotelegramin, n\u00eb anije askush nuk kodon fakset me ndihm\u00ebn e kompjuterit \u2013 ekzistojn\u00eb prur\u00ebs t\u00eb specializuar (shembujt e imazhit n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb artikullit), t\u00eb cil\u00ebt b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb pun\u00ebn automatikisht.<\/p>\n

STANAG 4285<\/h2>\n

\nTani le t\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb standardin m\u00eb modern t\u00eb transfert\u00ebs s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb val\u00ebt e shkurtra \u2013 modemi Stanag 4285. Ky format \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar p\u00ebr NATO-n dhe ekziston n\u00eb variante t\u00eb ndryshme. N\u00eb thelb t\u00eb tij \u00ebsht\u00eb modullimi fazor, parametrat e sinjalit mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb, si\u00e7 mund ta shihni nga tabela, shpejt\u00ebsia mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nga 75 deri n\u00eb 2400 bit\/s. Kjo mund t\u00eb duket pak, por duke marr\u00eb parasysh mjedisin e transmetimit \u2013 val\u00ebt e shkurtra, me heshtjet dhe zhurmat e tyre, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rezultat shum\u00eb i mir\u00eb.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nProgrami MultiPSK mund t\u00eb dekodoj\u00eb STANAG, por n\u00eb 95% t\u00eb rasteve rezultati i dekodimit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb vet\u00ebm \"mbeturina\" \u2014 formati vet\u00eb ofron vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb protokoll t\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt bit p\u00ebr bit, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb koduara ose t\u00eb ken\u00eb ndonj\u00eb format t\u00eb tyre. Disa sinjale megjithat\u00eb, mund t\u00eb dekodohen, p\u00ebr shembull, regjistrimi i sjell\u00eb m\u00eb posht\u00eb n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 8453KHz. Nuk kam arritur t\u00eb dekodoj ndonj\u00eb sinjal p\u00ebrmes pranuesit websdr, duket se transmetimi online prish struktur\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave. Ata q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb mund t\u00eb shkarkojn\u00eb skedarin nga nj\u00eb pranues real n\u00eb lidhjen cloud.mail.ru\/public\/JRZs\/gH581X71s<\/a><\/noindex>. Rezultatet e dekodimit n\u00eb MultiPSK p\u00ebrshkruhen n\u00eb screenshot-in m\u00eb posht\u00eb. Si\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, shpejt\u00ebsia p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb regjistrim \u00ebsht\u00eb 600bps, nd\u00ebrsa si p\u00ebrmbajtje duket se p\u00ebrcillet nj\u00eb skedar tekstual.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\n\u00cbsht\u00eb interesante se si mund t\u00eb shihet nga panoramimi, ekzistojn\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb shum\u00eb sinjale t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb eter:
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nNatyrisht, jo t\u00eb gjitha prej tyre i p\u00ebrkasin pik\u00ebrisht STANAG \u2014 mbi principe t\u00eb ngjashme ekzistojn\u00eb edhe protokolle t\u00eb tjera. P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet analiza e sinjalit Thales HF Modem<\/a><\/noindex>. <\/p>\n

Si si n\u00eb rastin e sinjaleve t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb shqyrtuara, p\u00ebrdoren pajisje t\u00eb specializuara p\u00ebr marrjen dhe transmetimin real. P\u00ebr shembull, p\u00ebr modem nga fotografia e treguar. NSGDatacom 4539<\/a><\/noindex> \u00ebsht\u00eb deklaruar nj\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsi nga 75 deri n\u00eb 9600 bps me nj\u00eb brez sinjali prej 3 kHz.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nShpejt\u00ebsia prej 9600, natyrisht, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb impresionuese, por duke marr\u00eb parasysh q\u00eb sinjalet mund t\u00eb transmetohen madje edhe nga xhunglat ose nga nj\u00eb anije n\u00eb oqean, pa paguar asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr trafikun operatorit t\u00eb komunikimit, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq keq.<\/p>\n

Le t\u00eb shohim m\u00eb me kujdes panoram\u00ebn m\u00eb sip\u00ebr. N\u00eb t\u00eb majt\u00eb shohim\u2026 sakt\u00ebsisht, abeced\u00ebn e vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb Morze. Pra, kalojm\u00eb n\u00eb sinjalin tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

Kodi Morze (CW)<\/h2>\n

\nN\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 8423 kHz e d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb at\u00eb. Arte t\u00eb pranimit t\u00eb d\u00ebgjuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb abeced\u00ebs Morze jan\u00eb pothuajse t\u00eb humbura tani, prandaj do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim MultiPSK (sidoqoft\u00eb, ajo e dekodifikon jo aq mir\u00eb, programi CW Skimmer e b\u00ebn shum\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb).
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nSi\u00e7 mund t\u00eb shihet, po transmetohet nj\u00eb tekst q\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritet DE SVO, n\u00ebse i besojm\u00eb faqes radioscanner<\/a><\/noindex>, stacioni ndodhet n\u00eb Greqi. <\/p>\n

Natyrisht, sinjalet e tilla jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb pakta tani, por ende ekzistojn\u00eb. Si nj\u00eb shembull, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim nj\u00eb stacion q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb funksion n\u00eb 4331KHz, duke transmetuar sinjale t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritura \"VVV DE E4X4XZ\". Si\u00e7 tregon Google, stacioni i p\u00ebrket marin\u00ebs izraelite. A transmetohet di\u00e7ka tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb? P\u00ebrgjigja \u00ebsht\u00eb e panjohur, ata q\u00eb d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kontrollojn\u00eb vet\u00eb. <\/p>\n

The Buzzer (\u0423\u0412\u0411-76)<\/h2>\n

\nP\u00ebrfundon klasifikimin ton\u00eb me sinjalin ndoshta m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur \u2014 i njohur si n\u00eb Rusi, ashtu edhe jasht\u00eb saj, sinjali n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 4625KHz.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\nSinjali p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb njoftuar ushtar\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga p\u00ebrs\u00ebritje t\u00eb g\u00ebrrimeve, t\u00eb cilat n\u00eb nd\u00ebrprerje shpesh p\u00ebrcjellin fraza t\u00eb koduara nga nj\u00eb bllok shifrohes (fjal\u00eb abstrakte si \"KROLIST\" ose \"BRAMIRKA\"). Disa shkruajn\u00eb se kan\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb tilla marr\u00ebs n\u00eb zyrat e mobilizimit, t\u00eb tjer\u00eb thon\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e sistemit \"dora e vdekur\", megjithat\u00eb, sinjali \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mek\u00eb p\u00ebr adhuruesit e Stalker, teorive t\u00eb konspiracionit, \"luft\u00ebs s\u00eb ftoht\u00eb\" dhe t\u00eb tjera. T\u00eb interesuarit mund t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb n\u00eb internet \"UVB-76\", dhe jam i sigurt, nj\u00eb lexim intrigues p\u00ebr mbr\u00ebmjen \u00ebsht\u00eb i garantuar (megjithat\u00eb, nuk duhet marr\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka e shkruar seriozisht). N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, sistemi \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft interesant, sidomos p\u00ebr faktin q\u00eb funksionon akoma q\u00eb nga koha e \"luft\u00ebs s\u00eb ftoht\u00eb\", megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse kjo ka ndonj\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi p\u00ebr dik\u00eb sot, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimi<\/h2>\n

\nKy list\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aspak i plot\u00eb. Me ndihm\u00ebn e nj\u00eb marr\u00ebsi radio mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoni (apo m\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb shihni) sinjale lidhjeje me n\u00ebndet\u00ebse, radar\u00eb t\u00eb horizontit dhe sinjale t\u00eb ndryshueshme shpejt\u00ebsish, dhe shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera. <\/p>\n

Ja nj\u00eb shembull i nj\u00eb fotografie, e b\u00ebr\u00eb sapo n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn 8 MHz, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn mund t\u00eb num\u00ebrohen t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 5 sinjale t\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme.
\n\"\u00c7far\u00eb
\n
\n\u00c7far\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb ato \u2014 shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb e panjohur, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn, n\u00eb burimet e hapura nuk mund t\u00eb gjendet gjith\u00e7ka (edhe pse ka faqe si www.sigidwiki.com\/wiki\/Signal_Identification_Guide<\/a><\/noindex> dhe www.radioscanner.ru\/base<\/a><\/noindex>). Studimi i sinjaleve t\u00eb tilla \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft interesant si nga pik\u00ebpamja e matematik\u00ebs, programimit dhe COS, ashtu edhe si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar di\u00e7ka t\u00eb re rreth bot\u00ebs p\u00ebrreth.<\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb interesante gjithashtu q\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht zhvillimit t\u00eb Internetit dhe komunikimeve, radioja jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb nuk po humb pozitat, por ndoshta edhe p\u00ebrkundrazi \u2014 mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb transfertuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebna direkt nga d\u00ebrguesi te marr\u00ebsi, pa censur\u00eb, kontroll trafiku dhe gjurmimi i paketave, mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet (edhe pse shpresojm\u00eb se nuk do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb) p\u00ebrs\u00ebri aktuale\u2026
\n
Burimi: habr.com<\/a><\/p>","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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