{"id":33050,"date":"2019-10-31T21:50:27","date_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/blog\/application-centric-infrastructure-arhitektura-seti-budushhego-ot-rassuzhdenij-k-delu\/"},"modified":"2019-10-31T21:50:27","modified_gmt":"2019-10-31T18:50:27","slug":"application-centric-infrastructure-arhitektura-seti-budushhego-ot-rassuzhdenij-k-delu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prohoster.info\/sq\/blog\/administrirovanie\/application-centric-infrastructure-arhitektura-seti-budushhego-ot-rassuzhdenij-k-delu","title":{"rendered":"Infrastruktura Ekipore T\u0259tbiqi. Arkitektura e rrjetit t\u00eb s\u00eb ardhmes \u2014 nga reflektimi n\u00eb veprim","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00eb vitet e fundit, Cisco ka promovuar aktivisht nj\u00eb arkitektur\u00eb t\u00eb re t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb rrjetit t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb qendrat e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave \u2014 Infrastruktura Ekipore T\u0259tbiqi (apo ACI)<\/b>. Disa e din\u00eb tashm\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb. Disa madje kan\u00eb implementuar at\u00eb n\u00eb bizneset e tyre, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe n\u00eb Russi. Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e specialist\u00ebve IT dhe drejtuesve t\u00eb IT, ACI mbetet ose nj\u00eb akronim i paqart\u00eb, ose thjesht nj\u00eb reflektim mbi t\u00eb ardhmen.
\nN\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb artikull, ne do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi ta afrojm\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, ne do t\u00eb flasim p\u00ebr komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb arkitekturor\u00eb t\u00eb ACI, si dhe do t\u00eb ilustrojm\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb saj n\u00eb praktik\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, s\u00eb shpejti do t\u00eb organizojm\u00eb nj\u00eb demonstrim t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb ACI, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin mund t\u00eb regjistrohet \u00e7do specialist IT i interesuar.
\n<\/a><\/noindex>
\nM\u00eb shum\u00eb informacion rreth arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb re t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb rrjetit do t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb St. Petersburg n\u00eb maj 2019. T\u00eb gjitha detajet \u2013 p\u00ebr lidhjes<\/a><\/noindex>. Regjistrohuni!<\/p>\n

Pas historia<\/b>
\nModeli tradicional dhe m\u00eb popullor i nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb rrjetit \u00ebsht\u00eb modeli hierarkik tre-niveli: b\u00ebrthama -> shp\u00ebrndarja (agregimi) -> akses. Gjat\u00eb shum\u00eb viteve, ky model ka qen\u00eb nj\u00eb standard, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin prodhuesit kan\u00eb l\u00ebshuar pajisje rrjetesh t\u00eb ndryshme me funksionalitet adekuat.
\nM\u00eb p\u00ebrpara, kur teknologjit\u00eb informative ishin nj\u00eb lloj shtese t\u00eb nevojshme (dhe, sinqerisht, jo gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshirueshme) p\u00ebr biznesin, ky model ishte i p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm, mjaft statik dhe i besuesh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb tani, kur IT jan\u00eb nj\u00eb nga motor\u00ebt e zhvillimit t\u00eb biznesit, dhe n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste vet\u00eb biznesi, statika e k\u00ebtij modeli ka filluar t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb probleme t\u00eb m\u00ebdha.<\/p>\n

Biznesi modern gjeneron nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe k\u00ebrkesash t\u00eb ndryshme dhe t\u00eb komplikuara p\u00ebr infrastruktur\u00ebn rrjetore. Shpejt\u00ebsia e realizimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre k\u00ebrkesave ndikon drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb suksesin e biznesit. Nd\u00ebrprerja n\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte \u00ebsht\u00eb e papranueshme, dhe modeli klasik i nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb rrjetit shpesh nuk lejon p\u00ebrmbushjen e t\u00eb gjitha nevojave t\u00eb biznesit n\u00eb koh\u00eb. <\/p>\n

P\u00ebr shembull, shfaqja e nj\u00eb aplikacioni t\u00eb ri t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar t\u00eb biznesit n\u00ebnkupton q\u00eb administrator\u00ebt e rrjetit t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb madhe operacionesh rutinore t\u00eb ngjashme n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh pajisjesh rrjeti t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb ndryshme. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 faktit q\u00eb kjo merr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb, gjithashtu rrit rrezikun p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gabime, t\u00eb cilat mund t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndalim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve IT dhe, si rezultat, n\u00eb d\u00ebm financiar.<\/p>\n

Rr\u00ebnja e problemit nuk jan\u00eb as afatet as kompleksiteti i k\u00ebrkesave. E v\u00ebrteta \u00ebsht\u00eb se k\u00ebto k\u00ebrkesa duhet t\u00eb \"p\u00ebrkthehen\" nga gjuha e aplikacioneve t\u00eb biznesit n\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e infrastruktur\u00ebs rrjetore. Si\u00e7 dihet, \u00e7do p\u00ebrkthim \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb nj\u00eb humbje e pjesshme e kuptimit. Kur pronari i aplikacionit flet p\u00ebr logjik\u00ebn e funksionimit t\u00eb aplikacionit t\u00eb tij, administratori i rrjetit kupton nj\u00eb grup VLAN-\u00ebsh, Access list-esh n\u00eb dhjet\u00ebra pajisje, t\u00eb cilat duhet t\u00eb mbahen, p\u00ebrdit\u00ebsohen dhe dokumentohen.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrvoja e grumbulluar dhe komunikimi i vazhduesh\u00ebm me klient\u00ebt i ka lejuar Cisco t\u00eb dizajnoj\u00eb dhe zbatoj\u00eb principe t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e rrjeteve t\u00eb transmetimit t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave n\u00eb qendrat e p\u00ebrpunimit, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrputhen me trendet moderne dhe bazohen, n\u00eb radh\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb logjik\u00ebn e aplikacioneve biznesore. Nga k\u00ebtu, edhe emri \u2014 Application Centric Infrastructure.<\/p>\n

Arkitektura ACI.<\/b>
\nArkitektura ACI duhet t\u00eb shqyrtohet m\u00eb s\u00eb miri jo nga ana fizike, por nga ana logjike. Ajo bazohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb model politikash automatizimi, objektet e t\u00eb cilave n\u00eb nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndahen n\u00eb komponent\u00ebt e m\u00ebposht\u00ebm:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Rrjeti i bazuar n\u00eb switch-e Nexus.<\/li>\n
  2. Klast\u00ebr kontrolluesish APIC;<\/li>\n
  3. Profilet e aplikacioneve;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \n\"Infrastruktura
    \nT\u00eb shqyrtojm\u00eb \u00e7do nivel m\u00eb n\u00eb detaje \u2013 duke kaluar nga e thjeshta n\u00eb t\u00eb komplikuar.<\/p>\n

    Rrjeti i bazuar n\u00eb switch-e Nexus<\/b>
    \nRrjeti n\u00eb fabrik\u00ebn ACI \u00ebsht\u00eb i ngjash\u00ebm me modelin tradicional hierarkik, por nd\u00ebrtohet ndjesh\u00ebm m\u00eb leht\u00eb. P\u00ebr organizimin e rrjetit p\u00ebrdoret modeli Leaf-Spine, i cili ka kaluar n\u00eb nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb pranuar gjer\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr implementimin e rrjeteve t\u00eb brezit t\u00eb ri. Ky model p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga dy nivele: Spine dhe Leaf, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht.
    \n \"Infrastruktura
    \nNiveli Spine merret vet\u00ebm me performanc\u00ebn. Performanca totale e switch-ave Spine \u00ebsht\u00eb e barabart\u00eb me performanc\u00ebn e gjith\u00eb fabrik\u00ebs, prandaj n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren switch-a me porte 40G ose m\u00eb lart.
    \nSwitch-ave Spine lidhen me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb switch-at e nivelet e ardhshme: switch-at Leaf, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt lidhin hostet p\u00ebrfundimtar\u00eb. Roli kryesor i switch-ave Leaf \u00ebsht\u00eb kapaciteti i porteve. <\/p>\n

    N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e shkall\u00ebzimit zgjidhen leht\u00eb: n\u00ebse na nevojitet t\u00eb rrisim kapacitetin e fabrik\u00ebs, ne shtojm\u00eb switch-e Spine, dhe n\u00ebse na nevojitet t\u00eb rrisim kapacitetin e porteve \u2013 Leaf.
    \nP\u00ebr t\u00eb dy nivelet p\u00ebrdoren switch-at e seris\u00eb Cisco Nexus 9000, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebr Cisco jan\u00eb mjeti kryesor p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e rrjeteve t\u00eb Qendrave t\u00eb t\u00eb Dh\u00ebnave pavar\u00ebsisht nga arkitektura e tyre. P\u00ebr nivelin Spine p\u00ebrdoren switch-t\u00eb Nexus 9300 ose Nexus 9500, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr Leaf vet\u00ebm Nexus 9300.
    \nSeria e switch-ave Nexus, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb fabrik\u00ebn ACI, \u00ebsht\u00eb e paraqitur n\u00eb figur\u00ebn m\u00eb posht\u00eb.
    \n \"Infrastruktura<\/p>\n

    Klastri i kontrollor\u00ebve APIC (Controller i Infrastruktur\u00ebs s\u00eb Politiz\u00eb s\u00eb Aplikacioneve) <\/b>
    \nKontrollor\u00ebt APIC jan\u00eb server\u00eb fizik\u00eb t\u00eb specializuar, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr implementime t\u00eb vogla lejohet p\u00ebrdorimi i nj\u00eb klasteri me nj\u00eb kontrollor fizik APIC dhe dy virtual\u00eb.
    \nKontrollor\u00ebt APIC kryejn\u00eb funksione menaxhimi dhe monitorimi. \u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme q\u00eb kontrollor\u00ebt nuk marrin pjes\u00eb kurr\u00eb n\u00eb transmetimin e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave, pra, n\u00ebse t\u00eb gjith\u00eb kontrollor\u00ebt e klasterit dalin jasht\u00eb funksionit, kjo nuk do t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb aspak n\u00eb stabilitetin e rrjetit. Po ashtu, duhet theksuar se me an\u00eb t\u00eb APIC-ve, administrator\u00ebt menaxhojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha burimet fizike dhe logjike t\u00eb fabrik\u00ebs, dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e nevojshme t\u00eb lidhesh p\u00ebrs\u00ebri me ndonj\u00eb pajisje, pasi n\u00eb ACI p\u00ebrdoret nj\u00eb pik\u00eb e vetme menaxhimi.
    \n \"Infrastruktura<\/p>\n

    Tani le t\u00eb kalojm\u00eb te nj\u00eb nga komponent\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb ACI \u2013 profilet e aplikacioneve.<\/b>
    \nProfili i aplikacionit (Application Network Profile)<\/b> \u2013 \u00ebsht\u00eb baza logjike e ACI. Pik\u00ebrisht profilet e aplikacioneve p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb politikat e nd\u00ebrveprimit mes t\u00eb gjitha segmenteve t\u00eb rrjetit dhe p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb direkt segmentet e rrjetit. ANP lejon t\u00eb shk\u00ebputemi nga niveli fizik dhe, n\u00eb thelb, paraqet se si duhet t\u00eb organizohet nd\u00ebrveprimi mes segmenteve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb rrjetit nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i aplikacionit. <\/p>\n

    Profili i aplikacionit p\u00ebrb\u00ebhet nga grupe lidhjesh (End-point groups \u2013 EPG). Nj\u00eb grup lidhjesh \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb grup logjik hostesh (makinash virtuale, server\u00ebsh fizik\u00eb, kontejner\u00ebsh etj.) q\u00eb ndodhen n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin segment sigurie (jo rrjeti, por pik\u00ebrisht siguria). Hostet p\u00ebrfundimtar\u00eb q\u00eb i takojn\u00eb nj\u00eb EPG t\u00eb caktuar mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohen nga shum\u00eb kritere. Zakonisht p\u00ebrdoren kriteret e m\u00ebposhtme: <\/p>\n